The Rapid growth of technology has made our lives easier. This advancement in technology also increased the traffic hazards. Hence the ratio of road accidents take place frequently increases that cause immense loss of life due to poor emergency facilities. Main causes behind these road accidents include: lack of training institutes, unskilled drivers, poor road conditions, use of cell phone during driving, over loading and poor governmental plans in this regard. Our research provides a solution for accident detection and prevention for human life safety. It enables intelligent detection of an accident at any place and reports about the accident on predefined numbers. Our system consists of two parts, alarming part and messaging part. The hardware includes SONAR ranging modules, vibration sensor, three modules GPS receiver (NMEA), Microcontroller (AT89S51), GSM modem (SIM 900D) and an Alarm. When distance is too short between the vehicle and obstacle then alarm will be “ON” as an indicator to move vehicle in other direction which is safer but when a vehicle faces accident despite of alarm, immediately vibration sensor will detect the signal and then Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM modem including the location to predefined numbers that can be reserved for a rescue team. Our designed system has been tested at different locations and found to be effectively working by sending alert messages to mobile phone user.
Rapid development of economic construction and people’s living standard continues to improve well as road traffic accidents take place frequently which causes huge losses of life and property to the country and people. The development of a transportation system has been the generative power for human beings to have the highest civilization above creature in the earth. Despite many efforts taken by different organizations all around the world by various programs to aware against careless driving, accidents have taking place every day. However, many lives could have been saved if the emergency service could get the crash information and proper help provided at time.
Although different organizations all around the world carry out workshops and other training programs to make people aware of careless driving, this whole process is not very successful till date. For example, according to WHO (Word Heath Rankings) data published in April 2001 Road traffic accidents death in Pakistan reached 2154 or 1.58% of total deaths [
A smart phone based accident system is proposed by Thompson [
The system is working in four steps: alarming system, initialization of message circuitry, detection and information transmission.
The designed circuitry consist of five SONAR ranging modules from which four modules placed at the corners of the vehicle to keep an eye on the blind corners and one at the front of the vehicle. This SONAR is used to determine the exact position of the obstacle and gather range information from all around the vehicle. SONAR emits short, high frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. The minimum detection distance which ranges between 15 cm to 35 cm [
This system will be installed in the vehicle. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is attached adjacent to dash board from where the proper working condition of the system can be observed. The system will start automatically when the vehicle is ignited. The circuit will get power supply from the battery of vehicle and we can use separate battery too. Total voltage needed for circuit is 1 V voltage regulators are used for distribution of supply voltage. GSM needs 4.2 V for operation. LM317 with the combination of a resistor and regulator knob is used for
Work flow of our detection system
Work flow of message transmitting system
providing the desired voltage which is needed. 5 V are needed for operation of LCD, GPS, Microcontroller, 7402IC (NOR gates) and 7400IC (NAND gates) which is provided by 7805 voltage regulator. The network status pin does depict the status of accessing network and GPS antenna will be attached with window. So GPS can get signals continuously from satellite. GPS will take approximate same value with in distance of 40 meters. However value of location will be different in decimals during testing when we move system on adjacent locations. Whatever location is detected by GPS, it will be displayed on LCD.
Vibration sensor is connected with microcontroller through 7400IC. When collision of vehicle occurs, vibration sensor will sense the immense vibration. One of the inputs of NAND gate will goes high. It sends interrupt to microcontroller.
When Microcontroller will receive interrupt it will enable the GSM modem. It will send SMS on predefine numbers already store in microcontroller. When information will send through message “sending SMS (Short Message Service)” statement will be showed on LCD (
Hardware sections used in our detection system includes GPS modem, GSM modem, alarm module, microcontroller and vibration sensor.
An ultra-sonic sensor transmits ultrasonic waves in the air and detects the reflected waves from surrounding objects. Ultrasonic sensor generates high frequency sound waves and evaluates the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensor calculates the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object. It uses very high frequency inaudible to humans. Sonar emits short, high frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. These propagate in the air at the frequency of sound. The minimum detection distance which ranges between 15 cm to 35 cm [
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a popular technology which was developed by American Department of Defense (DOD) for military use. Later on it was available for civilian use. It can be utilized for wide range of applications such as location, direction, speed, timing, surveying, logistic traffic management, security etc.
Physical realization of system
Nowadays, it became an integral part of a vehicle system for tracking and navigation speed [
The sensor for the location detection is the GPS receiver [
GSM modem is similar to mobile phone without any display, keypad and speakers. This accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator. GSM modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act just like a mobile phone. More than 690 mobile networks provides GSM services across 213 countries and GSM represents 82.4% of all global mobile connections [
The GSM modem has capacitors and resistors for their proper working and LEDs for indicating the network status. The network status pin does depict the status of accessing network right away when we turn the circuit “ON”. To represent it we used a green LED whose status will be that it will blink rapidly when like to acquire network and blink slowly after the assessment of network.
Atmel AT89S52 microcontroller is used for our control unit and it is a heart of detection system. It receives data from the GPS, processes all data and detects the accident location from processed data. Location of accidents also sends by microcontroller. ATMEL AT89S52 is a high performance low power 8 k bytes microcontroller of in-system programmable flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set. The on-chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The software used is Keil μ-Vision is a Windows based front end for the C Compiler and Assembler. μ-Vision IDE (Integrated Development Environment) allows developers to create embedded applications using the Keil development tools. Keil Software provides you with software development tool for the 8051 family of microcontrollers [
Proteus VSM allows professional engineers to run interactive simulations of real designs, and to reap the rewards of this approach to circuit simulation. Proteus 6 Professional separated into two main components, which are ISIS 6 Professional and ARES 6 Professional. ISIS 6 Professional mainly involved on circuit designing and simulation.
Code for this system is written in assembly language in Keil (Appendix). Then we connect our circuit on Proteus and burned the code from Keil on microcontroller and simulate the circuit in Proteus for verification that the system is working properly or not (
An automatic accident prevention and reporting system is designed and implemented using wireless technolo-
Hardware connection of messaging system
Snapshots for alert messages for accident detection
gies like SONAR to prevent accident, GPS modem for finding the location of vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude, as well as GSM for sending message on mobile at the receiver end. As we conclude our paper here with the entire stimulus along with, we are still willing to upgrade the application of enhanced technology for the electronic equipment usage efficiency.
The snapshot indicates the messages alerts when our accident alert system is tested at two different locations near to one another. Hence, there is a small variation in the coordinates, the initial value of latitudes and longitudes are same but the fractional value changes with small difference. The first SMS shows that the testing accident has occurred at latitude of value 3132.80 along North direction and longitude of value 7419.64 along East direction. The second SMS is representing the values of latitude and longitude as 3132.77 North and 7419.61 East respectively (
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