China is a developing country with rapid economic development and has made many remarkable achievements. However, the foundation of production safety is relatively weak, and the situation of production safety is still severe behind the rapid economic growth, and there is still a certain gap compared with Germany, Canada and other developed countries. Therefore, this article expounds the theory of safety production supervision mode, and then taking the supervision mode of production safety of Chinese government as the basic research object, from the development course, organization setup and management configuration and so on combing the current (until 2017) safety production supervision mode in Chinese government, and puts forward the status quo in the face of regulatory problems. In addition ,based on the research and analysis of the safety production supervision mode of the German and Canadian governments, the advanced experience and methods of the safety production supervision mode of the two governments are summarized, and through comparison, some suggestions on the supervision mode of production safety suitable for China’s national conditions are put forward, which provide theoretical support for the Chinese government or enterprise managers to do a good job in the management of production safety.
Safe production is the basic guarantee to protect the safety and health of workers, improve the comprehensive national strength and ensure the sustainable development of national economy. At present, China is in a critical period of industrialization and urbanization; it has made remarkable achievements because of the rapid economic growth. Behind the rapid economic growth, however, the price paid are the price of frequent production safety accidents, social cost loss, ecological environment deterioration and so on, the above mentioned elements are not only caused massive losses of state property and civil life also bear the huge pressure of public opinion of the international community, as a result, the supervision and regulation of production safety is particularly important.
Under the condition of market economy, enterprises are the main body of responsibility to ensure the safety of production, the improvement of safe production level should rely on the market mechanism. However, due to the differences in legal construction of production safety, investment level of science and technology, social welfare treatment, education popularization, safety culture and other factors, they are difficult to guarantee the safety production through spontaneous market behavior, which need to rely on national supervision to achieve it.
The mode of safety production is the institutional guarantee for the state to implement the supervision, and it is also the basis and premise of doing a good job in production safety. Therefore, this paper provides a reference basis and theoretical support for the development and improvement of China’s supervision and regulation of safety production mode, as well as a basic guarantee for China’s public safety.
In Cihai, “safety production” is defined as a series of measures and activities for preventing the personal and equipment accidents during the production process in order to form a good working environment [
Supervision generally refers to the control or regulation of a subject based on certain rules in order to make something work normally [
In conclusion, the government safety regulation can be understood as government agencies on the basis of its statutory functions and powers, through administrative, legal, economic and other means in the face of the main body (including enterprises and individuals)of the market economy to constraints and restrictions on their activities, in order to prevent and remedy market failures, in order to avoid or reduce damage caused by individual economic decision-making, ensure the normal operation of the market economy [
The current supervision systems of safety production in China have the characteristics of combining comprehensive supervision with industry supervision, national supervision with local supervision, and government supervision with other supervision [
In China’s legal system of safety production, the Law of PRC on Safe Production is the first comprehensive safe production law in China, which defines the basic requirements for safety production [
Based on the industry regulation, China has implemented a national supervisory system in some specific industry field, such as civil aviation, railways, shipping, electric power, coal, etc., in order to improve the professional level of supervision, China has set up a number of professional safety supervision institutions, which are basically vertically managed and have no relationship with local governments. In terms of personnel and business, they are independent from local leaders and can minimize the interference of local governments [
The supervision of Chinese government mainly includes: the work safety supervision department and other departments responsible for the supervision and administration of safety production [
As of 2014, China has over 400 major laws and regulations concerning production safety, occupational health and labor protection, which include more than 50 administrative regulations, more than 30 state council notices on production safety, and more than 100 departmental rules and regulations, in addition, there are hundreds of national standards, industrial standards and local regulations on production safety [
At present, the restraint of safety supervision personnel in China is more than the incentive, and the absence of incentive mechanism makes it difficult to mobilize the work enthusiasm of safety supervision personnel [
The issue of safety production is not a single issue of government regulation. It also requires the organization of social organizations to play its role in the supervision and management of production safety. The organizations in these social groups include: trade unions, non-governmental organizations and insurance institutions. However, the Chinese social supervision force has not been fully utilized. The main reason is that the participation mechanism is not perfect, which has affected the enthusiasm of social forces to participate. For example, the China Safety and Health Industry Association and other non-government organizations are still in the development stage of safeguarding the interests of the industry [
Throughout the world, legislation, inspection and industrial injury insurance are the three main pillars for ensuring the smooth implementation of safety production in the market economy. “No rules are not square”, the safety production legislation protects the safety and health of workers from the legal level, guarantees the interests of production and business units, employees and the legal rights that they should enjoy, and guarantees the social production resources and the wealth of the country and the people and the life safety; safety inspection is to investigate the potential hidden dangers in production work from the practical application level and timely rectification, so as to lay a good foundation for the smooth promotion of government safety production supervision work; work injury insurance is a compulsory public insurance plan developed on the basis of the employer responsibility system. It aims to protect the economic interests of workers from the aspects of welfare benefits, compensation, and medical rehabilitation.
Germany is an industrial power and an economic powerhouse, and its annual number of safe production accidents is one of the lowest countries in the world. Germany’s safety production work is at the forefront, thanks to its complete legal system, strict law enforcement supervision, good safety awareness and working environment, and a reliable accident insurance system [
Canada is a federal state with a three-tiered federal, provincial, and administrative system. It includes 1 federal government, 10 provincial governments and 3 provincial administrative regions. As one of the largest economies in the world, Canada is rich in natural resources, developed in manufacturing and high-tech industries, and primary manufacturing and agriculture are also the main pillars of the national economy [
Compared with developed countries, although China has some deficiencies in the supervision of production safety, it can better adapt to the current social production situation in China. Based on the analysis of the German and Canadian governments’ supervision modes of safety production, in combination with China’s current national conditions, the following three recommendations are proposed.
An important duty of safety production supervision is to supervise enterprises according to laws and regulations, departmental rules and regulations. The legal provisions are the basis for the establishment of the regulatory body, and it is the guarantee that the regulatory agency performs its duties and exercises its rights. Although there are many laws and regulations on production safety in China, there are ambiguous definitions of duties and contradictions between legal provisions. According to the research, German industry associations develop safety standards based on the current state of the industry to promote safe production [
According to the characteristics of China’s market economy, China should continuously improve the safety management system adapted to the market economy in view of the emerging new situations and problems; governments at all levels have set up work safety supervision and administration organizations and staffed them with professional and full-time supervisors to improve their professional quality and law enforcement ability, clarify the scope and responsibilities of supervision, and form and improve safety supervision networks; in addition, the work safety work pattern of “unified government leadership, supervision by departments in accordance with the law, overall responsibility of enterprises, participation of the masses in supervision, and broad support of the whole society” should be established, and their respective safety responsibilities and obligations should be defined in more detail, so as to ensure that each party’s main responsibility for safety is implemented in place.
In China, there may still be “laws that are not law-abiding and law enforcement is not strict”, enterprises and employees violate the laws, regulations and systems of production safety, which hinders the implementation of the enterprise production safety responsibility system, and causes various types of production safety accidents to occur frequently due to improper rectification of hidden accidents [
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The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Gong, Y.X. (2019) Research on the Supervision and Regulation Mode of Production Safety in China, Germany and Canada. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.72B010