Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency of human erythrocyte affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. In India , G6PD deficiency was first reported in 1963 and since then various investigations have been conducted across country. The objective of this work was to study the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in different ethnic, caste and linguistic groups of Indian population. A systematic search of published literature was undertaken and the wide variability of G6PD deficiency has been observed ranging from 0% - 30.7% among the different caste, ethnic, and linguistic groups of India. It was observed that the incidence of G6PD deficiency was found to be considerably higher among the tribes (9.86%) as compared to other ethnic groups (7.34%) and significantly higher in males as compared to females.
G6PD deficiency is the X-chromosome linked erythrocyte enzyme deficiency. G6PD deficiency causes a hematologic disorder, namely haemolytic anaemia, and it was as a result of investigation of haemolytic anaemia that brought this common enzymatic deficiency to light. In 1973, it was estimated that about 300 million people worldwide were G6PD deficient, but now these numbers have been increased [
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) enzyme plays a vital role in the generation of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway [
G6PD deficiency affects around 10% of the total population of world. The highest prevalence of G6PD deficiency mainly regards in tropical Africa, the Middle East, tropical and subtropical Asia, Papua New Guinea and various Mediterranean regions [
India, a south Asian country having second largest population in the world, varying in various castes, ethnic and linguistic groups. Also geographically and environmentally India has a great variation, which is also responsible for difference among population. In India investigations on G6PD deficiency have been started after it was firstly reported by Baxi et al. in 1961 [
A systematic literature search from 1961 to 2016, through PubMed/MEDLINE, Google scholar, Wiley online library databases was performed in as follows. Relevant publications were identified through free text search using keywords such as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, India, Prevalence without any restriction on the year and language of publication. Various combinations of these keywords such as “G6PD in India”, “Prevalence of G6PD in India”, “Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency“, “Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency”, “Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Indian population”, “G6PD deficiency incidence and India”, “Incidence of G6PD deficiency in India”, “Incidence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency in India”, “Incidence of G6PD deficiency in Indian population“, “Distribution of G6PD deficiency in India” etc. were used. Although there was no bar on language, English was more preferred. Additionally articles were also obtained through citation tracking of reviews, articles and original papers along with direct receipt of full text articles from some authors or co-authors. The duplicated articles were eliminated from the above mentioned search. Titles and abstracts of each identified article was then checked for eligibility based on the following criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
-Primary data, population based epidemiological study
-Hospital based study
Exclusion criteria:
-Age group of subjects: less than 15 years
-Studies related to only clinical manifestation of G6PD deficiency
The epidemiological studies of G6PD deficiency in Indian population were included for this systematic review. Hospital based prevalence studies were also selected. Although, studies carried out amongst neonates, children and young adults (less than 15 years of age) were excluded. Studies based on clinical manifestations of G6PD deficiency were also excluded as they mainly focused on clinical aspects and hardly provided information regarding the incidence of G6PD deficiency. Review articles regarding prevalence or clinical manifestations of G6PD deficiency were also excluded.
Finally, the full text of eligible articles and reports were evaluated to obtain detailed information regarding the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in various ethnically and regionally diverse population of India. The data was evaluated and the systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.
and removal of duplicates. These articles were manually checked by titles and abstracts and 81 articles were found to be irrelevant to the inclusion criteria. Of remaining 53 articles, 3 articles were excluded-1 for incomplete information, 1 for lack of publishing in peer reviewed journal, 1 for duplication of data. Finally 50 original articles were included for this systematic review.
In the current review, the distribution of G6PD deficiency in the various population groups from total 20 states and 3 union territories of India have been summarized below which have been categorized into Northern India, Southern India, Western India, Eastern India, Central India, North-eastern India and Island regions. These studies have been carried out in total 49,929 subjects among which 22,431 subjects belong from urban population and 27,498 from tribal population. From compilation of these studies, it has been observed that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency highly varies from 0 to 30.7% among the different caste, ethnic, and linguistic groups of India (
Northern India consists of states of Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and union territories of Delhi and Chandigarh. According to census 2011 the tribes are not found in regions of Punjab, Haryana,
Area | Population Type | Caste/race | No. of tested | No. of G6PD deficient | Prevalence (%) | Reference | Range | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | |||||
Northern India | |||||||||||||
Jammu | Urban | Hindu | 1250 | 105 | 10 | 115 | 9.2 | [ | 0.00 - 23.21 | ||||
Jammu | Urban | Muslim | 342 | 22 | 4 | 26 | 7.6 | [ | |||||
Jammu | Urban | Sikh | 322 | 20 | 2 | 22 | 6.83 | [ | |||||
Jammu | Urban | Christian | 86 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6.87 | [ | |||||
Himachal Pradesh | Urban | Rajput | 65 | 1 | 1.54 | [ | |||||||
Himachal Pradesh | Urban | Brahmin | 47 | 1 | 2.12 | [ | |||||||
Delhi | Urban | Mixed | 300 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 3.66 | [ | |||||
Delhi | Urban | Mixed | 810 | 32 | 18 | 50 | 3.95 | 2.22 | 6.17 | [ | |||
Delhi | Urban | Tamil brahmin | 68 | 79 | 147 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4.40 | 1.30 | 2.72 | [ | |
Punjab | Urban | Sikhs | 242 | 258 | 500 | 11 | 2.06 | 2.32 | 2.20 | [ | |||
Punjab | Urban | Jat Sikh | 182 | 2 | 1.10 | [ | |||||||
Punjab | Urban | Brahmin | 55 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Punjab | Urban | Khatri | 50 | 1 | 2.00 | [ | |||||||
Punjab | Urban | Aggrawal | 47 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Punjab | Urban | Balmiki | 34 | 1 | 2.94 | [ | |||||||
Punjab | Urban | Rajputs | 10 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Punjab | Urban | Mixed | 122 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Haryana | Urban | Jat | 87 | 49 | 10 | 3 | 11.49 | 6.13 | [ | ||||
Haryana | Urban | Brahmin | 96 | 56 | 10 | 4 | 10.42 | 7.14 | [ | ||||
Uttar Pradesh | Urban | Muslims | 110 | 90 | 200 | 18 | 8 | 26 | 16.36 | 8.89 | 13.00 | [ | |
Uttar Pradesh | Urban | Mixed Scheduled castes | 103 | 97 | 200 | 11 | 9 | 20 | 10.7 | 9.3 | 10.00 | [ | |
Uttar Pradesh | Tribe | Danguria Tharu | 32 | 24 | 56 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 40.63 | 0 | 23.21 | [ | |
Southern India | |||||||||||||
Karnataka | Urban | Mixed | 93 | 7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | [ | 0.00 - 18.00 |
Andhra Pradesh | Urban | Dhobi | 115 | 85 | 200 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 7.82 | 0.00 | 4.50 | [ | |
Andhra Pradesh | Tribe | Kolam | 226 | 228 | 26 | 3 | 11.50 | 1.32 | [ | ||||
Andhra Pradesh | Tribe | Nayakpod | 20 | 20 | 40 | 2 | 0 | 10.00 | 0.00 | [ | |||
Andhra Pradesh | Tribe | Koyadora | 71 | 61 | 132 | 6 | 0 | 8.45 | 0.00 | [ | |||
Andhra Pradesh | Tribe | Koyadora | 131 | 16 | 12.21 | [ | |||||||
Kerala | Tribe | Kannikar | 43 | 66 | 109 | 4.65 | 6.06 | 5.50 | [ | ||||
Tamilnadu | Tribe | Mixed tribes | 1125 | 61 | 5.40 | [ | |||||||
Tamilnadu | Tribe | Badagas | 970 | 170 | 18.00 | [ |
Western India | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maharashtra | Urban | Bhanushali (cutchee) | 139 | 90 | 17 | 3 | 12.2 | 3.33 | [ | 0.00 - 27.94 | |||
Maharashtra | Urban | Mixed | 81 | 29 | 110 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 7.41 | 31.03 | 13.64 | [ | |
Maharashtra | Urban | Visa oswal jain | 107 | 3 | 2.80 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Audich brahmin | 141 | 5 | 3.50 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Lad vania | 128 | 1 | 0.78 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Bohra | 67 | 0.00 | [ | ||||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Khoja | 108 | 2.00 | [ | ||||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Moplah | 94 | 0.00 | [ | ||||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Misgar | 75 | 0.50 | [ | ||||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Mixed muslim | 120 | 2.00 | [ | ||||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Baniya | 51 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Bhandari | 50 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Bhaiya | 41 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 2.43 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Muslim | 318 | 220 | 3 | 0 | 0.94 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Brahmin | 361 | 403 | 5 | 0 | 1.38 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Jain | 207 | 281 | 3 | 0 | 1.45 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Sikh | 91 | 110 | 1 | 0 | 1.10 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Kayastha | 36 | 52 | 1 | 0 | 2.77 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Lohana | 117 | 45 | 9 | 1 | 7.69 | 0.22 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Maratha | 593 | 515 | 1 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Christian | 45 | 161 | 2 | 0 | 4.44 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Parsi | 19 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 10.53 | 3.85 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Artisan | 259 | 247 | 2 | 1 | 0.77 | 0.40 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Schedule caste | 294 | 233 | 2 | 0 | 0.68 | 0.00 | [ | ||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Dhangar | 1385 | 3 | 0.22 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Nava-budha | 51 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Parsis | 133 | 23 | 17.30 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Chitpavan Brahmin | 81 | 1 | 1.23 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Deshastha regvedi brahmin | 76 | 1 | 1.31 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Chandra seniya kayastha prabhu | 96 | 2 | 2.08 | [ | |||||||
Maharashtra | Urban | Maratha | 13 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Rajasthan | Urban | Mixed | 1798 | 126 | 7.00 | [ | |||||||
Rajasthan | Urban | Mixed | 3810 | 216 | 5.67 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Vataliya prajapati | 272 | 113 | 385 | 76 | 11 | 87 | 27.94 | 9.73 | 22.60 | [ | |
Gujarat | Urban | Brahmin | 4 | 0 | 0.00 | [ |
Gujarat | Urban | Darbar | 14 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gujarat | Urban | Jain | 4 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Lohana | 10 | 1 | 10.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Muslim | 14 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Patel | 8 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Sindhi | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Harijan | 26 | 7 | 26.92 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Luhar | 3 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Khatri | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Satwara | 5 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Suthar | 4 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Urban | Vataliya prajapati | 985 | 659 | 1644 | 275 | 84 | 359 | 27.90 | 12.20 | 22.00 | [ | |
Dadra & nagar haveli | Urban | Rajput | 47 | 1 | 2.13 | [ | |||||||
Dadra & nagar haveli | Tribe | Warli tribe | 79 | 8 | 10.10 | [ | |||||||
Dadra & nagar haveli | Tribe | Dodhia | 74 | 10 | 13.50 | [ | |||||||
Rajasthan | Tribe | Kumhar | 101 | 56 | 5 | 1 | 4.95 | 1.79 | [ | ||||
Rajasthan | Tribe | Garasiya | 368 | 56 | 15.21 | [ | |||||||
Rajasthan | Tribe | Mixed | 4007 | 509 | 12.70 | [ | |||||||
Rajasthan | Tribe | Mixed | 1124 | 203 | 18.06 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Tribe | Bharwad | 16 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Tribe | Koli | 22 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Gujarat | Tribe | Rabari | 16 | 2 | 12.50 | [ | |||||||
Maharshtra | Tribe | Bhils | 215 | 16 | 7.44 | [ | |||||||
Maharshtra | Tribe | Pawras | 87 | 3 | 3.45 | [ | |||||||
Maharshtra | Tribe | Katkaris | 77 | 6 | 7.80 | [ | |||||||
Eastern India | |||||||||||||
West bengal | Urban | Mixed | 583 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 1.23 | 2.06 | 1.37 | [ | 0.00 - 30.70 | ||
West bengal | Urban | Bengali | 103 | 4 | 3.88 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | Nepali | 25 | 2 | 8.00 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | Uttarpradeshi and bihari | 18 | 2 | 11.11 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | Muslim | 17 | 1 | 5.88 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | Christian | 5 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | Punjabi | 3 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | Marathi | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Urban | South Indian | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | [ |
Orissa | Tribe | Kolha | 209 | 34 | 15.30 | [ | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orissa | Tribe | Santal | 106 | 13 | 12.30 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Bathudi | 212 | 24 | 11.30 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Munda | 131 | 16 | 12.20 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Jaunga | 380 | 52 | 13.70 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Gonda | 98 | 7 | 7.10 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Bhuyan | 176 | 25 | 14.20 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Didayi | 478 | 8 | 1.70 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Kandha | 625 | 20 | 3.20 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Bondo | 449 | 2 | 0.40 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Paroja | 204 | 11 | 5.40 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tr0ibe | Koya | 101 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Oroan | 121 | 11 | 9.10 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Holva | 190 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | |||||||
Orissa | Tribe | Kissan | 71 | 20 | 92 | 9.78 | 4.30 | 14.13 | [ | ||||
Orissa | Tribe | Dudh kharia | 422 | 41 | 45 | 86 | 9.70 | 10.70 | 20.40 | [ | |||
Orissa | Tribe | Dhelki kharia | 345 | 54 | 51 | 105 | 15.60 | 14.80 | 30.40 | [ | |||
Orissa | Tribe | Paraja Bhuyan | 213 | 32 | 16 | 48 | 15.00 | 7.50 | 22.50 | [ | |||
Orissa | Tribe | Paik Bhuyan | 244 | 26 | 15 | 41 | 10.60 | 6.10 | 16.80 | [ | |||
Orissa | Tribe | Paudi Bhuyan | 379 | 30 | 22 | 52 | 7.90 | 5.80 | 13.70 | [ | |||
Orissa | Tribe | Dudh kharia | 422 | 36 | 45 | 89 | 8.50 | 10.70 | 19.20 | [ | |||
Orissa | Tribe | Dhelki kharia | 345 | 55 | 51 | 106 | 15.90 | 14.80 | 30.70 | [ | |||
West bengal | Tribe | Rajbangshi | 100 | 12 | 12.00 | [ | |||||||
West bengal | Tribe | Santhal | 164 | 23 | 14.03 | [ | |||||||
Central India | |||||||||||||
Madhya Pradesh | Urban | Sindhi | 508 | 4 | 0.80 | [ | 0.8 - 19.23 | ||||||
Madhya Pradesh | Tribe | Bhil | 120 | 8 | 6.70 | [ | |||||||
Chhattisgarh | Tribe | Muria | 300 | 24 | 6 | 30 | 8.00 | 2.00 | 10.00 | [ | |||
Chhattisgarh | Tribe | Maria | 182 | 24 | 3 | 27 | 13.18 | 1.65 | 14.83 | [ | |||
Chhattisgarh | Tribe | Halba | 372 | 38 | 7 | 45 | 10.21 | 1.83 | 12.04 | [ | |||
Chhattisgarh | Tribe | Bhatra | 104 | 16 | 4 | 20 | 15.23 | 3.85 | 19.23 | [ | |||
North-eastern India | |||||||||||||
Manipur | Urban | Muslim | 136 | 29 | 21.32 | [ | 1.86 - 15.79 | ||||||
Manipur | Urban | Brahmin | 115 | 12 | 9.44 | [ | |||||||
Manipur | Tribe | Kabui | 51 | 4 | 7.84 | [ | |||||||
Nagaland | Tribe | Ao Naga | 394 | 314 | 708 | 9.21 | 1.86 | [ | |||||
Nagaland | Tribe | Angami Naga | 85 | 65 | 150 | 23 | 10 | 33 | 27.06 | 15.39 | 22.00 | [ |
Mizoram | Tribe | Mizo | 490 | 17.50 | [ | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assam | Tribe | Laung | 81 | 3 | 3.70 | [ | |||||||
Assam | Tribe | Mikir | 83 | 13 | 15.66 | [ | |||||||
Assam | Tribe | Rabha | 57 | 9 | 15.79 | [ | |||||||
Assam | Tribe | Garo | 76 | 6 | 7.89 | [ | |||||||
Assam | Tribe | Rajbanshi | 103 | 12 | 11.65 | [ | |||||||
Islands | |||||||||||||
Andaman and nicobar | Tribe | Jawara | 54 | 0 | 0.00 | [ | 0.00 - 3.45 | ||||||
Andaman and nicobar | Tribe | Great anadamaneas | 29 | 1 | 3.45 | [ |
Chandigarh and Delhi. Hence, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in these regions have been reported only from urban population which ranges between 0 to 13% [
Southern India consists of states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu. In Southern India, investigations regarding G6PD deficiency have been carried out more in tribal population than the urban populations. In urban population, while a study from Karnataka reported absence of G6PD deficiency in mixed population, the frequency of G6PD deficiency have been reported upto 7% among Dhobis of Andhra Pradesh [
It is notable that the investigations regarding occurrence of G6PD deficiency have been reported extensively from the Western India comprising of states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and union territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli. The occurrence of G6PD deficiency was firstly reported by Baxi et al. in 1961 in Bombay suggesting its wide distribution in the country [
Eastern India consists of states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. Most of the investigations regarding G6PD deficiency have been done mainly in regions of Orissa and West Bengal. Relatively high prevalence of G6PD deficiency have been reported in Eastern India that ranges between 0 to 30.7% [
Central India Comprises of Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh states. Frequency of G6PD deficiency have been reported 0.8% among Sindhi community and 6.7% among Bhil tribe from Madhya Pradesh [
The North-Eastern region of India consists of the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, which are predominantly inhabited by tribes. Frequency of G6PD deficiency in these area ranges between 0% to 27.6% among various tribes such as Nagas, Mikirs, Rabhas, Garo, Rangbanshi etc. [
Reports regarding G6PD deficiency from Andaman and Nicobar islands are scarce. A study revealed complete absence of G6PD deficiency in Jawara tribe [
Globally more than 400 million people are suspected to be G6PD deficient. The overall G6PD allele frequency is believed to be around 8% and the high population density makes Asia the center of weight of G6PD deficiency-burdened populations [
The data reported here have been collected from various surveys conducted by different researchers and considerable differences were seen in the methods adopted for field surveys, the mode of collection of blood samples and especially methods for screening of G6PD deficiency. Although, various methods such as quantitative spectrophotometric assays, methemoglobin reduction test, BCB test, MTT linked test, fluorescent spot test etc. are available for detection of G6PD deficiency, detection of heterozygous population is still problematic. Therefore, the work towards developing new methods for enzyme detection-especially in heterozygous females is essential.
In this comprehensive study, the wide variability of G6PD deficiency has been observed ranging from 0% - 30.7% among the different caste, ethnic, and linguistic groups of India. The area wise distribution revealed frequency of G6PD deficiency ranging between 0% - 30.70% in Eastern India to 0% - 27.9% in Western India. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was found ranging from 0% - 23.21% in Northern India to 0% - 18% in Southern India. Whereas it was found ranging between 1.86% - 15.71% in North-eastern India and 0% - 19.23% in Central India, the range in the island regions of India is reported to be even lower.
It also revealed in this review, that the incidence of deficiency was found to be considerably higher among the tribes (9.86%) as compared to other ethnic groups (7.34%) and significantly higher in males as compared to females. The investigations regarding distribution of G6PD deficiency have been reported extensively from the western parts of India, whereas reports from North-eastern and Islands regions of India are scarce. In Southern India, most of the studies have been carried out among tribal populations, while in Northern India mostly among the urban populations. Although this review is a comprehensive amalgam of data from all over India, wherein studies have been carried out in several regions including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland. However, many areas of India are still left unexplored. Moreover, the review includes data from 1969 to 2016 with several reports targeting few ethnic groups. Such discrimination in the sampling might lead to chances of errors in the analyzed disposition to G6PD amongst the population. It is therefore emphasized that further evaluation of the clinical and prognostic aspects of G6PD deficiency among Indian population needs to be explored.
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Shah, I.I., Jarullah, J. and Jarullah, B. (2018) Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency in India: A Systematic Review. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 9, 481-496. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2018.99033