The present paper discusses the change in entropy of spinning black holes due to change in mass for AGN black holes on the basis of the model as proposed in the case of XRBs under condition that the black holes spin with unit spinning parameter and angular momentum and this model gives slightly some different nature of the super-massive spinning black holes in AGN as specified for XRBs.
According to the theory of relativity, a black hole is the solution of Einstein’s gravitational field equations in the absence of matter that describes the space time around a gravitationally collapsed star and its gravitational pull too strong that even light cannot escape from it [
In the present paper, we have applied the same model to discuss the change in entropy of spinning black holes due to change in mass for AGN black holes and used this model to calculate their values for different test spinning black holes in AGN.
The change in entropy of spinning black holes due to change in mass using first law of black hole mechanics for unit spinning parameter and angular momentum is given by the following equation [
| δ S δ M | = 24 π M 2
The super massive black holes in Galactic nuclei have their masses range estimated is M ~ 106 - 109.5 M ⊙ [
Mass of sun ( M ⊙ ) = 1.99 × 10 30 kg , [
All the above primary data are in terms of solar mass in AGN black holes and we have used the model represented by the Equation (1) to derive the secondary data in terms of entropy change and calculated their values of different test spinning black holes of spin parameter a* = 1 and unit angular velocity in AGN. These are listed in the following
The present work is extended part of the model for the change in entropy of spinning black holes due to change in mass in XRBs black holes expressed by the Equation (1) and it is applied for different test black holes in AGN [
Using the model as proposed by the Equation (1), we have plotted the graph between the mass of spinning black holes in terms of 107 solar mass and the magnitude of the change in entropy with change in mass of spinning black holes with the help of
The graph plotted between the mass of spinning black holes and the magnitude of the change in entropy with change in mass of spinning black holes is approximately in straight line as shown in
In spite of the above merits, this graph is not able to provide too much clear description regarding the change in entropy with change in mass of spinning black holes, because the mass of the black holes ranging from 0.1 solar mass to 30 solar mass is closely packed so that distinct vision for the entropy change with mass is difficult to view.
To remove the above deficiency, when we have used the logarithmic scale to plot the graph 2 using the same data as plotted the graph 1, the change in entropy with change in mass of spinning black holes ranging from 0.1 solar mass to 30 solar mass is not closely packed and hence the distinct vision for the entropy change with mass is view clearly.
1) The magnitude of the change in entropy with change in mass of spinning black holes is directly proportional to the square of their masses.
2) The magnitude of the change in entropy with change in mass of uncharged spinning black holes is essentially the function for AGN black holes.
S. No. | Mass of B H s (M) in solar masses | Mass of BHs in terms of 107 Mʘ | a* | Ω | | δ S δ M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 × 106 Mʘ | 0.1 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 0.7536 × 1014 |
2 | 2 × 106 Mʘ | 0.2 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 1.507 × 1014 |
3 | 3 × 106 Mʘ | 0.3 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 2.260 × 1014 |
4 | 4 × 106 Mʘ | 0.4 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 3.024 × 1014 |
5 | 5 × 106 Mʘ | 0.5 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 3.968 × 1014 |
6 | 6 × 106 Mʘ | 0.6 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 4.521 × 1014 |
7 | 7 × 106 Mʘ | 0.7 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 5.275 × 1014 |
8 | 8 × 106 Mʘ | 0.8 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 6.028 × 1014 |
9 | 9 × 106 Mʘ | 0.9 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 6.782 × 1014 |
10 | 1 × 107 Mʘ | 1 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 7.5360 × 1014 |
11 | 2 × 107 Mʘ | 2 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 15.075 × 1014 |
12 | 3 × 107 Mʘ | 3 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 22.603 × 1014 |
13 | 4 × 107 Mʘ | 4 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 30.240 × 1014 |
14 | 5 × 107 Mʘ | 5 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 39.680 × 1014 |
15 | 6 × 107 Mʘ | 6 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 45.216 × 1014 |
16 | 7 × 107 Mʘ | 7 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 52.752 × 1014 |
17 | 8 × 107 Mʘ | 8 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 60.288 × 1014 |
18 | 9 × 107 Mʘ | 9 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 67.824 × 1014 |
19 | 1 × 108 Mʘ | 10 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 75.360 × 1014 |
20 | 2 × 108 Mʘ | 20 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 150.750 × 1014 |
21 | 3 × 108 Mʘ | 30 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 226.030 × 1014 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 | 4 × 108 Mʘ | 40 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 302.400 × 1014 |
23 | 5 × 108 Mʘ | 50 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 396.800 × 1014 |
24 | 6 × 108 Mʘ | 60 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 452.160 × 1014 |
25 | 7 × 108 Mʘ | 70 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 527.520 × 1014 |
26 | 8 × 108 Mʘ | 80 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 602.880 × 1014 |
27 | 9 × 108 Mʘ | 90 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 678.240 × 1014 |
28 | 1 × 109 Mʘ | 100 Mʘ | 1 | 1 | 753.600 × 1014 |
3) On increasing the mass of spinning black holes, their corresponding magnitude of change in their entropy with change in mass increases linearly, but some little deviation is between the intermediate mass with spin parameter a* = 1 and Ω = 1 .
The authors are very grateful to reviewers to find out the errors in the original manuscript and providing the constructive suggestions. This paper is devoted in memory of great scientist Stephen Hawking (March 14, 2018). The authors are also obliged to UGC to give the financial support under the scheme of Minor Research Project in Science having No. PSB-011/15-16, (ERO) ID No. BBH1-021, S. No. 227847.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Kumari, A., Kumari, S. and Mahto, D. (2018) Change in Entropy of Spinning Black Holes Due to Corresponding Change in Mass in AGN. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 6, 1686-1691. https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2018.68144