To unlearn the meaning of a sustainable water resource conservation is now an essential issue in using of sustained, sound, and high-quality water in the world. In this paper, a water quality purification by the Schumann frequencies was first considered through the murmuring sound of upper reach at the mountain stream (Kyoto Pref., Japan) regarding the conservation of water resources. Second, water is changing freely and easily accepting the wavelength of all the sounds. We therefore referred to a flow and dynamic equilibrium to realize and understand the water quality purification process. Finally, a “consciousness only Buddhist philosophy” of water quality as an analogical approach was introduced to realize and understand the water purification process. As a result, we have confirmed the water purification capability by Schmann frequencies in an experiment on water quality. And through the experiment, we have realized the importance/significance to find the meaning for a person’s primary meaningless such as 1) meaning connection among life, environment, and economics as a condition of human life, 2) energy, entropy and fluctuation under law of thermodynamics, 3) a metaphor between water quality and mutual possession of the ten worlds based on conscious-only theory, and 4) sense of wonder through the water purification process.
Authors have recently realized from the experience that if local residents themselves living in the regional area (catchment area) could become centered persons to conserve the water resource persistently, the residents in the catchment area can drink the drinking water with safety, abundantly and free of charge sustainably.
However, a “change in the consciousness” of local residents is a key point in satisfying the three conditions as stated above. Because a change of the value (change in the consciousness) is required to purchase PET bottle water for 100 yen under the current market economy system or to acquire a “right of drinking” a high quality & a delicious water without charge (we actually utilize eco-money worth 100 yen in the community currency system) for the water. An introduction of environmental social system (e.g. conservation of water environment by using a community currency) will be necessary in order to achieve an objective (the latter). Regarding this, we have already conducted a consideration in a previous paper [
By the way, the condition (seven items) of delicious water in Japan is as follows [
And now, more than 100 years have passed since the times had changed from the medieval dark ages to the modern era in civilization, and then, half a century has passed since the environmental problems had occurred [
At present, a crisis of water resources in a global scale has been taken up in the world [
In this paper, we examine how sustained, sound, and a bountiful supply of high-quality water as a drinking water is very important by asking deeply the meaning regarding the sustainable water resource conservation. First of all, a water quality improvement by sound waves is considered through the changes of natural environment at the mountain stream (Kyoto Pref., Japan) regarding the conservation of water resources after confirming a change of water quality by simulated murmuring sound generator. Second, a water purification ability by murmuring sounds of a stream (upper reach) in the forest is stated. Third, a consideration regarding an environmental management and a water resource purification has been described in the paper, and we here referred also to a flow and dynamic equilibrium to realize and understand the water purification process [
This time, we used a simulated murmuring sound generator as an experimental apparatus regarding a water quality purification by sound waves. And linear PCM recorder is used for measuring the frequency (Hz) of simulated murmuring sound.
The specification of this Linear PCM recorder is as follows. Model: Linear PCM Recorder PCM-D10, Internal memory: 32 GB, Recording mode: Linear PCM (192 KHz/4 bit), Recording performance: 45 KHz (Max.), Internal microphone performance: 1 Hz - 20 KHz, Maximum recording time: 6 hr 35 min.
We examined a relationship between sound waves and a change of water quality in a previous paper [
In a previous paper, we confirmed the change of water quality by a simulated murmuring sound [
It is said that the frequency spectrum of the murmuring sound in a stream is a wide range from 110 Hz to 24 KHz, and that the loudness is ranging in decibel value from −38 dB to −75 dB, respectively in a previous research [
This time, the stream in Kyoto Prefecture was selected as a place to measure the murmuring sound [See
The linear PCM recorder as mentioned above was used to record the murmuring sound. Authors think it is important that the murmuring sound recorded by the recorder is directly irradiated to the sample water as a sound energy. Therefore a vibration speaker was used. The specification is as follows. Testing Content: RMS 26 W, S/N: ≥ 65 dB, Frequency range: 30 Hz - 18 KHz, Speaker
Impedance: 4 Ω, 26 W, Power Supply: Built-in 1400 mA∙h Lithium battery, Audio Socket: 3.5 mm Audio jack, Audio Source: Phone, Tablet PC, PC, Computer, MP 3/4, etc., Function list: NFC, Bluetooth 4.0, Line in/out, Hands-free MIC, Touch Panel. The apparatus for measuring the murmuring sound consists of the three parts, that is, 1) linear PC recorder outputting the murmuring sound, 2) vibration speaker accepting the output from the recorder, and outputting that as a sound energy and 3) specimen container (cup: stainless steel, volume: 620 mL, length: 15 cm, width: 11 cm, height: 4.7 cm).
This time, the items relating to the major/minor elements (mineral) etc. of water quality (inorganic matter) centering on Ca, Mg, Na and K and the items relating to the major element etc. of water quality (organic contamination & eutrophication) centering on TOC, T-N and Si which are the fundamental water quality ingredients of drinking water and were selected as the measured items of the water quality based on the experiences [
1) Relation between the Frequency (Hz) and the Loudness (dB)
Here, the three points (U1, M1 and L1) in the stream having a normal murmuring sound were selected as an object area. The relation between the frequency (Hz) of the murmuring sound (sound waves) recorded in the three points as stated above and the loudness (dB) is shown in Figures 2-4. It is understood from
same as that of the simulated murmuring sound as stated above. It is also understood from
The comparative experiments between the water with irradiation of the murmuring sound and the water without one were conducted to confirm the dependence of the murmuring sound recorded at the object points (upper reach [U1], middle reach [M1], and lower reach [L1]) in the stream to the water quality. The frequency spectrum of the murmuring sound at the point U1 in the stream covers a wide range of 30 Hz - 3 KHz, and that its loudness is in a range of −55 dB - −95 dB. Therefore, the frequency at the point U1 is that the spectrum exists as the uniform distribution. This tendency of the frequency is almost the same as that of the simulated murmuring sound as stated above. The frequency spectrum of the murmuring sound at the point M1 in the stream covers mainly a narrow range of 300 Hz - 2.5 KHz, and that its loudness is in a range of −45 dB - −90 dB. Therefore, the frequency at the point M1 is that the spectrum exists mainly on the distribution at the middle-range part. The frequency spectrum of the murmuring sound at the point L1 in the stream covers mainly a little wide range of 80 Hz - 2 KHz, and that its loudness is in a range of −40 dB - −90 dB. Therefore, the frequency at the point L1 is that the spectrum exists mainly on the distribution at the low mid-range part.
Based on the result of Chapter 2, the comparative experiments between the water with irradiation of the murmuring sound and the water without one were conducted to confirm the dependence of the murmuring sound recorded at the object points (upper reach, middle reach and lower reach) in the stream to the water quality. As a result, the dependence of the actual murmuring sound to the changing of water quality was confirmed. There appears to be considerable difference among each reach (U1, M1, and L1). It is therefore thought that each reach has its own characteristics regarding the relationship between the sound waves and water quality change. This time, the dependence of the sound having the frequency inside of an audible region of a human (20 Hz - 11 KHz) was examined. As a result, it was understood that the spectrum exists on the average from the low frequency to the high frequency at the upper reach, the middle reach, and the lower reach, respectively. Although the features of the frequency are recognized at each reach, respectively, the general tendency of each spectrum is almost the same. It is thought from this viewpoint that the water quality change by the actual murmuring sound at the irradiation in audible region such as a relatively low frequency (20 Hz - 2 KHz) could be expected.
2) Relation between irradiation time of actual murmuring sound and measured water quality
The feature of the frequency at the upper reach, the middle reach and the lower reach is stated above. We realize that the upper reach among these has frequencies representing the most uniform distribution, and that at this point the low and high frequency are distinguished compared with other two points. In general, the high-energy characteristic is not good for living thing (creature). Therefore, it is thought that if the dependence of the sound wave for water quality purification at audible region (a low-energy characteristic) is applicable to a biological treatment, there is a possibility that we might be able to get a better result [
Sample water | Items of water quality | Irradiation time (min.) | Remarks | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | ||||
Mixed water (540 ml) 1) Ocean deep water 2) Silica water 3) Vanadium water 4) Hydrogen water 5) Natural mineral water (A) 6) Natural mineral water (B) 7) Natural mineral water (C) | Major/minor elements (mineral) etc. of water quality centering on Ca, Mg, Na and K affecting inorganic matter | Ca (mg/L) | 120 | 140 | 130 | 140 | Vibration Schumann resonances ※ ※Overtone of brain wave of the earth: 7.83 Hz (primary) Low frequency 1) 33 Hz (¥4 times) 2) 39 Hz (¥5 times) 3) 45 Hz (¥6 times) High frequency 4) 136 Hz (¥17 times) 5) 144 Hz (¥18 times) 6) 152 Hz (¥19 times) 7) 160 Hz (¥20 times) 8) 200 Hz (¥25 times) |
Mg (mg/L) | 79 | 82 | 81 | 86 | |||
Na (mg/L) | 23 | 25 | 24 | 25 | |||
K (mg/L) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | |||
P (mg/L) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||
S (mg/L) | 160 | 160 | 150 | 160 | |||
Fe (ng/L) | 4300 | 3600 | 3700 | 3300 | |||
Cu (μg/L) | 11 | 26 | 22 | 33 | |||
Zn (μg/L) | 93 | 150 | 150 | 160 | |||
Mn (mg/L) | 84 | 110 | 110 | 120 | |||
I (mg/L) | < | < 1 | < | < | |||
Major element etc. of water quality centering on TOC, T-N and Si affecting organic contamination & eutrophication | pH | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | ||
DO (mg/L) | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.4 | |||
TOC (mg/L) | 0.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 5.0 | |||
T-N (mg/L) | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |||
Si (mg/L) | 17 | 18 | 17 | 18 | |||
---------- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
such as a water ripple on the ocean. The water including chlorine gets into the news regarding the high-quality water in the public mind. Therefore, a comparative examination of a tap water with and without vibration was carried out this time. The experiment was conducted based on easy-to-use water quality test kit, pack checker 1 (CIO), testing method: DPD visual colorimetric method (See
quality test kit, pack checker 2 (COD), testing method: oxidation with potassium permanganate in alkalinity and color visual colorimetric method was used as a testing method (See
that there are waves in all biological phenomena, and these phenomena are repeated with slightly different periodicity like ripples on a surface of water.
Figures 6-21 are a result we irradiated the Schumann frequencies into the sample water. It is understood from this figures that water quality changes have been seen at all the water quality items except pH and I (<1 mg/L). And each increase-decrease rate at 0 to 90 min. was obtained by a least-square method (Linearization) for all the water quality items. The Inc.-decrease rate was ranked
based on the rates.
obvious difference between them was confirmed (See
Then we fundamentally have two choices; 1) To remove the chlorine from a tap water, and 2) To stop using the tap water as a drinking water. Regarding the choices, we could surely have a household water purifier with an activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane. However, if people involved do not properly maintain it over a long period of time, it would be undesirable. And then, we could buy a commercially available water instead of the tap water as a third choice. A natural mineral water is one of the mineral waters which is a water without an artificial operation extremely of all four kinds of mineral waters. We are convinced that this is just the mineral water that the people for choosing LOHAS have been searching so far. Anyway, one of the big points for holding the sound life sustainably is to drink a high-quality water. However, it is very difficult for us to secure the high-quality water because of a severe river water pollution due to chemical substances.
At present, the removal of the most dangerous chemicals (invisible) is very hard once contaminated. The electrically polluted chemical substances (Electrical energy) could not be removed by the ordinary methods. If the waterworks bureau could physically get the non-contaminated water using the various kinds of artificial treatments with chemicals, the treated water has become “dead water” which is already far from “living water” like a life of springing fresh.
It is said that even though we could dilute the wastewater ten thousand times with water, the electrical pollutions remain definitely from the viewpoint of the principle of homeopathy too. There is also a view that if we continue to drink the water such as a dead water, an immunity is extremely lowered [
Actually, there are a lot of constant users of using a household water purifier and a mineral water in Japan. This situation will directly indicate that mentioned above. Dr. Masukawa I. (fluid mechanist) says as follows regarding the polluted water one time. “It is impossible to remove an electrical pollution which was once memorized (historicized) by the water unless we give a special treatment process.” And then, to give the resuscitation force full of vitality like a water of newborn as well as to remove pollution will be a subject in the future [
Under such background, we examined the relationship between sound waves as a resuscitation force (energy) and the water quality change (See
The waste blood would first come into the kidneys, and then it is discarded from the kidneys.
After that, nutrients are selectively recollected through the renal tubules. And, the things which could not be recollected are here discharged as a urine. As stated above, we do not discard the water by the urine; we do excrete the entropy (waste matter) by the stream of the water. Therefore, it is extremely important for one’s health to intake a high-quality water day after day [
Here, a figure (Bergson’s Arc) is introduced regarding the entropy.
Bergson describes a sentence in his book that all our analyses show us, in life, an effort to remount the incline that mater descends [
side (outer world). We might think that it would be “intuition acts” in an expression viewed it from the inside (inner world). That means a climbing act itself which begins to move a-head of consciousness seeking the next point of view constantly. That is, we have to sharpen one’s intuition. This means an importance of realization based on the intuition acts. It is said today that it is extremely difficult; to solve the environment. We might be able to think that this could sufficiently not consider the viewpoint (logos of physis) in which the environmental issues exist precisely to “Inner world”, not “outer world.” If people could realize the view, the viewpoint must be consented to the word “Conversely limited concurrency” in which it is not good just only to objectify our living environment (objectification) so far, and at the same time, we have to make our living environment as is seen from the inside look (cognitive scientific viewpoint) as easy to understand as possible. The order itself (one’s life style) to lead the life which opposes the law of increasing entropy is a “realization” in the life based on the Nishida’s “intuition acts.” “Realization” is an undivided understanding based on experience [
It could be possible that both the composition (Equivalent to decrease of entropy) and decomposition (Equivalent to increase of entropy) of the water molecule have always been occured at the same time through the “fluctuations” in the stream. At the present stage, we could not clearly explain the mechanism mainly because of the situation of both an improvement of experimental procedure and an insufficient data. However, if people could consent the viewpoint, there would be a strong possibility to secure sustainably a high-quality water by making by a circulating-oriented water purification apparatus with several Möbius loops shown in
As mentioned above, we have three choices such as 1) a way to remove the chlorine from tap water, 2) a way to stop the use of tap water, and 3) a way to buy a natural mineral water on the market as taking the water into the body. The way 1) is impossible because of a waterworks law in Japan, while the cost is needed to put the way 2) and 3) into practice. Therefore, after all, we fall into the vicious circle as the flow of the current economy (Pursuit of short-sighted profit = ways of simultaneously both achieving economic growth and conserving the environment) as we have to buy the drinking water with money. Then, we think about an unthinking anthropocentrism and an economics in considering the sustainable water conservation in this chapter. First we describe the anthropocentrism vs. human beings = centricity (Humanicism) in considering this [
world today. It is thought that there is a close relation between “consciousness” and “senses” in this issue. Regarding this relation, a neuroscientist, Prof. Dr. Nakano N. (Higashi Nippon International University) states in her book that it is difficult to stop the bullying because of an act by “the function” originally provided with human beings, but it is possible to control the function or change the way to approach for the bullying [
Economics prioritizes “efficiency” which is involved/hidden value. We think that this efficiency priority society does not fit in with “Life condition”. And, one tends toward the eye to the contribution to economic growth only ignoring the basement as “Nature.” In other words, we could give the meaning to an ideal image of a human being who desires an infinite growth with a weapon as knowledge (six consciousnesses; Mental consc. in the Yuishiki) called economics and sense (five consciousnesses; seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching) which is shared in an indefinite outline based on the competitive spirit (desire/selfish/ego; It is called “seven consciousnesses”, Ego consc. in the Yuishiki).
Therefore, we think we should pay more attention to the “Life condition” to solve the issues that arise in the society mentioned above. Concretely, unthinking the environment and the economy is required based on the “Life” (eight consciousnesses or more) [
We here take up Yuishiki (Consciousness Only Buddhist Philosophy) as a bluey clue to consider the environment and the economy based on the “Life.” And, we also come into the contact with Jikkaigogu (Mutual Containment of the Ten Realms) and Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life) in order to complement it. Here, an analogical approach (metaphorical expression) stated above is
applied to realize/understand the water purification process.
Consciousness Only Buddhist Philosophy (Japanese: Yuishiki) is a theory that all existence is subjective and nothing exists outside of the mind). Layer of mind is called ‘consciousness’ in Buddhism.However, the concept ‘consciousness’ itself does not exist in the Yuishiki (Consciousness Only Buddhist Philosophy), and it considers everything as Mujo/Muga (uncertainty as something transient and empty). Therefore, it could be possible to say that this is a way of thinking to mediate between Yuibutsuron (Materialism) and Yuishinron (Spiritualism). As is seen in
In the previous Section (4.1), we show the outline of Yuishiki (Consciousness only Buddhist philosophy) etc., and consented that the desire (ego) is positioned as the “seven consciousnesses” in the philosophy. Then, we consider this one in this section.
Mr. S. Takeda (Philosopher) has proposed a concept as a “desire correlation” in his book. And there, he describe that the desire is synonymous as the meaning, and that the world is mesh of a net of the desire (meaning). Therefore, he has mentioned that just the desire (meaning) is fundamentally important for human beings in order to live in the world [
As mentioned above, we think that it is important how do we mean the desire (seven consciousnesses) which is fundamentally placed importance in considering the “unthinking anthropocentrism.” It means that we have to contribute the raise to the true level which means a formation of the mountain stacked with the sense of satisfaction regarding the desire level [
Therefore, we do not have a way of thinking in which the environment is a site of growing the economy. It is a site of projecting the economic activities (including desire itself) involving human regardless of the economic growth. There, we do not use the concept of costing something at the short time. Instead of such a viewpoint, we should place importance on the way of thinking that we put continuously a constant cost for the social benefit in the long, long time. Therefore, if we grasp the object as “environment” the concept as “site”, the way of thinking such as a simultaneously both achieving economic growth and conserving the environment aims at maximizing the returns by utilizing the environment. And then, a possibility of staying the short-sighted pursuit of profit increases. In this way, the way of thinking as environmental conservation is going to disappear naturally. However, in the environmental site, the way of thinking of putting continuously a constant cost for the social benefit in the long, long time prioritizes the understanding of the chance of value creation in the medium-to-long term. We here obtain the profit (true socio-economic value, satisfaction of the people) for the first time. Therefore, a way of thinking that we do not simultaneously both achieve economic growth and conserve the environment can instead realize the “cost = benefit” in our socio-economic society (stance (2)) obeying the rule of the framework as” economics = fundamental duties of governing a nation and providing relief to people” (stance (1)). Accordingly, when viewing from the stance (2) regarding the flow mentioned above, it is very important that how we do sustainably secure a “high-quality water” as a drinking water comparable to the natural mineral water in a current natural environment. Then, we think that the way of thinking as put continuously a constant cost for the social benefit in the long, long time is here utilized in the environmental site proposed. That is, we think that the benefit (true socio-economic value, satisfaction of the people) is obtained by capturing preferentially the site as environment the chance in which we could create the value in the medium-to long-term. We think that to secure the “high-quality water” becomes a proof of creation of the benefit in which we could realize by just putting continuously a constant cost for the social benefit in the long, long time in the environmental site. And, hereby, we could have spurred a proposal of a right in which we could drink a “high-quality water” almost free of charge by managing the water quality in the reservoir and an embodiment of creating mechanisms (keywords: visualization, realization and circulation of connection) on the involvement to community for managing the water area to obtain the right [
Global environmental issues that our world is facing today have mainly resulted from economic activities. Needless to say, they are very involved with the culture behind the act, especially the economic thought. It is necessary to go back to the economic thought for the fundamental solution in regards to the serious situations such as global warming and environmental pollution. The solution way based on the technological approach is the so-called measures with patches over each problem temporarily when it arose. No matter what, if we could not find the direction of constitutional improvement, it is not too much to say that there is nothing about the following century for humankind.
In this article, therefore, first we outline the view of nature and the thought for economic activities preached in the Lotus Sutra that is one of the most representative thoughts of India where Shakamuni Buddha was born and spread his holy teachings. And this thought has been conveyed to China. Then second we take up a great Chinese book “Guanzi” written by Guan Zhong (First Chinese Legalist and State Philosopher, 6th-7th centuries B.C.), and approach a word “倉廩実則知礼節、衣食足則知栄辱 (Meat and cloth make the man. Well fed, well bred.)” to understand the Chinese cultural background against which the Lotus Sutra has been developed in their lives. And finally we look to economic philosophy of Nichiren (1222-82) who lived in the 13th century in Japan as a typical Japanese thought. (This century can be also regarded as the turning point not only in the East Asia, but also in the whole world in the human history. And we show that it is possible to find important hints to a solution of the environmental issue from what we stated here.
1) View of Nature and Economic Thought in the Lotus Sutra
It is said that Shakamuni Buddha preached huge quantities of Buddhist scriptures, but summarized points that he wants to say have been preached in the Lotus Sutra. The view of nature with the spectacular view of the universe for a background contains highly suggestive content, and Shakamuni Buddha preached that all living things are great existences with dignity and equality because of underlying “Buddha-nature.” Therefore, Sanso-nimoku no-tatoe (a parable of the three kinds of medical herbs and two kinds of trees) is described in Yakusoyu-hon (Chapter 5; the parable of the Medical Herbs). In this parable, the principle that all countries and societies have been developing with keeping harmony is symbolically preached. The parable is as follows [
“It is like the plants and trees, thickets and groves, and the medicinal herbs, widely ranging in variety, each with its own name and hue, that grow in the hills and streams, the valleys and different soils of major world system. Dense clouds spread over them, covering the entire major world system and in one moment saturating it all. (omitted below) This is not just a parable. That is to say, the view of life with a deep and penetrating mind is expressed here. It suggests that although all plants seem to be independent, they enjoy the blessings of rains from the sky, keep a consistency and have a good relationship with one another. It is thought that this also expresses a Buddhist view of nature that there is a power creating the harmony with nature in the ground potentially. No matter what happens, the resilience (power which produces harmony with nature) is involved in the ground. The appearance of the revitalization after Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan took a huge and terrible disaster would be providing this power of resilience.
Next, similarly there is a following passage in Hosshi-kudoku-hon (Chapter 19; Benefits of the Teacher of the Law). The word “資生業等 皆順正法 (Shi Shou no Gou tou wo tokan mo Mina Shouhou ni Jyunzen) (No worldly affairs of life or work are ever contrary to the true reality)” is in this passage as described below [
“Although they have not yet acquired the wisdom of no outflows, the purity of their minds will be such that the thoughts they speak, will in all cases represent the Law of the Buddha, Never departing from the truth, and will also conform with what was preached in the sutras of former buddhas.”
It preaches that 資生業 (Shi Shou Gou) indicates economic activities to make a living, and the ways of the true reality including all things making a living are the teachings of Buddhism. And the Buddhism was introduced to China around the second century A.D., and it has progressed and developed more and more in Chinese culture. In China, a person who most deeply, precisely and systematically grasped the Buddhism centering Lotus Sutra and developed it in the Chinese style is Tien-tai (537-597). He comments on the word as “資生業等 皆順正法” in this chapter, and he describes it “世間資生產業 皆順正法” [
That is to say, he mentions that the production activities themselves made by people who are involved with various kinds of industries in the real society are all none other than the practice of the true reality.
2) Economic Thought in Guanzi
“Guanzi (管子)” written by Guan Zhong (管仲) (Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history, ?-645 B.C.) is considered valuable historical material to convey his thought and economic view. It contains valuable historical records here. Particularly famous and well-known passage in this regard is “倉廩實則知禮節,衣食足則知榮辱 (Sourin Michite Reisetsu wo Shiri, Ishoku Tarite Eijyoku wo Shiru) (Meat and cloth makes the man. Well fed, well bred)”. This article could also be interpreted as follows: If people have enough food supply stored in granaries, they will pay attention to etiquettes. If people are not short of food and cloth, they will lay stress on the sense of honor and shame [
However, it has been said from the Confucianism which emphasizes a feudalistic order that the contents preached in the “Guanzi (管子)” are second-rate ideas which accept human desire, and also that is an apocryphal book which was established in the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC).
Nevertheless, it has been found that the very important information which is to be known only by people who lived in Spring and Autumn period had been included in this book because a lot of mokkan (long and narrow wood plates written with a brush) at a period of Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BCE) were excavated in the second half of the 20th century [
Then, it is generally believed that the “Guanzi (管子)” in which the positive attitude toward the economic activities including the trade with other nations was recommended had a problem and the Confucianism was correct, but that belief is not always correct. It could be regarded and positioned that a moderate capitalism centering on the agriculture was recommended in the “Guanzi (管子)”, while a teaching placing too much emphasis on “the place” of the class system was the Confucianism. Apart from the teachings of Confucius (孔子) who is looked up to as the father of Confucianism, this principle adopted as the ideology of the nation in the age of the Han dynasty in China was a top-down manner, so to speak, a manner with the importance on the order from the top. Accordingly, it would be certain from the side of ordinary people that they will be forced to bear patience and sacrifice. In a sense, the order of a vertically-structured society was emphasized.
The basis of Chinese culture on which “Guanzi (管子)” has ever been written is rich in diversity. Especially the region to the south of the Huai River (淮河) has produced a flexible mindset like the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi too. It can be said that such a cultural basis aspires to an equal society which focuses on the horizontal relation satisfied with freedom and flexibility. It is certain that Buddhist thought symbolized in Sanso-nimoku-no-tatoe (parable of the three kinds of medical herbs and two kinds of trees) has had a strong affinity for such a cultural basis. It is also not a coincidence that Buddhist thought has been widely spread through this region first of all at around the second century B.C. Tien-tai (537-597) mentioned above was also a king’s family of Southern Dynasty Chen (南朝陳王朝) during the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (439-589) in China. This is how philosophically systematized Buddhist thought was conveyed to Japan around the sixth century and has eventually developed into the people’s Buddhism in the Kamakura period.
3) Nichiren’s Economic Philosophy
Nichiren (Japanese) was born in the Kamakura period (1185-1333 CE) in Japan. 700 years have passed since Chinese T “ien-t” ai (537-597). In mainland China, Mongolia established the Yüan dynasty in the period, and expanded with an extraordinary rate. It was just a time of turning point that under this situation, there were conflicts between the East and the West for the first time in human history.
Taking this opportunity, this occurrence helped the both camps have better communication with each other. The conflicts between Japan which is located in the eastern end of Asia and Yuan (元) were unavoidable trends of the history too. Nichiren examined the Buddhist literature closely with staring into the flow of the time. He gave a notice through “Rissho Ankoku Ron (On establishing the correct teaching for the peace of the land)” in which “Takoku Shinpitsu (Invasion from foreign lands)” that is preached in his teachings will be occurred as an actual calamity in the near future, and handed in it to Kamakura shogunate in the Kamakura period (1185-1333 CE). Buddhism at that time became a matter of formality as a religion for the protection of the nation. Buddhists set apart from people’s heart, and lapsed into corruption such as a magico-ceremonial one which was quite different from Shakamuni Buddha (Founder of Buddhism) self-centered teachings. Then, he has developed the people’s Buddhism which went back to the starting point of the founder while being persecuted by the former Buddhism power which supported the Shogunate from behind. He was definitely not obsequious to power, and his activities were supported his activities by the people’s memorial services. He sincerely praised believers who donated rice by saying “Hakumai wa Hakumai ni arazu Inochi nari (Rice is not just rice, it is life).” And, he also cheered believers on by saying, “Onmiyazukai wo Hokekyo to Oboshimese (Regard your service to your lord as the practice of the Lotus Sutra)” for bushi, Japanese samurai who protected his lord at the risk of his own life. In addition, he preached that interacting with all of one’s daily productions mixing up with people and the society was a practice of the faith in itself. He furthermore preached the passage “Kura no Zai yori mo Mi no Zai, Mi no Zai yori mo Kokoro no Zai Dai ichi nari (More valuable than treasures in a storehouse are the treasures of the body, and the treasures of the heart are the most valuable of all)” [
Such Nichiren’s behaviors were backed by Buddhist enlightenment. In 1272, he wrote “Kaimoku sho (The Opening of the Eyes)” at Sado Island (Japan) where he was sent into exile because of the persecution of the power authority side. In this book, he describesd as bellow: “Ware Nihon no Hashira to naran, Ware Nihon no Ganmoku to naran, Ware Nihon no Taisen to naran to Chikashi Negai Yaburu bekarazu (I will be the pillar of Japan. I will be the eyes of Japan. I will be the great ship of Japan. This is my vow, and I will never forsake it!” [
It is therefore thought from the experiment that we could at least show a part of existence of possibility on water purification (resilience) in the water itself. That means that the resilience (recovery power) is a function itself of “妙 (Myo) (This term means wonderful and beyond ordinary understanding ; Openess, Completeness & Harmony, Resuscitation)” as he says [
We think that the keywords are life, environment, and economics to sustain the sound water environment, i.e. sustainable water resource conservation. In doing so, it is thought that we will practically be able to approach to the sustained conservation of water resource area through a better understanding of the relationship between sound waves and water quality change. In this chapter, a water purification process using the murmuring sound is considered by an analogical approach (metaphorical expression) based on the Yuishiki (Consciousness Only Buddhist Philosophy) and Jikkaigogu (Mutual cotainment of the ten realms).
In the previous chapter 4, we described the need of way of unthinking the environment and economics based on the “life” focusing more on the “life condition” to see it and Yuishiki (consciousness-only theory) with Jikkaigogu (mutual
containment of the ten realms) as a proper way to obtain a clue. In this chapter 5, we first see a relation between increase decrease rate for all water quality items and the ten worlds layout, and next we describe a conceptual diagram among energy, ocean and sea wave through Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life) based on the theory mentioned above.
In this paper, we have conducted a consideration on how the ensure system of high quality water sustainably and soundly is essential for a sustainable water resource conservation by asking the meaning deeply. The results obtained are as follows:
1) All the water qualities affecting the inorganic matter, organic contamination and eutrophication except pH and Iodine have changed by irradiating the Schumann frequencies which have low wave energy as is seen the murmuring sounds at the upper reach of the mountain stream. And, a classification of the water quality items was tried based on the increase-decrease rate of the water qualities.
2) It was understood that it was important to ask the meaning of 1) First law of thermodynamics (law of the conservation of energy), 2) Second law of thermodynamics (law of entropy increase) and 3) Fluctuation through the experiment to ensure the high quality water. That is, as for 1), a metaphorical comparison (“en” [Vibration energy Û Karma energy], “in” [Ten Water qualities Û Ten Factors of Life], “ka” [Water purification Û Life purification]) between the water quality change and Junyoze (Buddhism ten factors of life) was conducted from the water quality change by irradiating the energy (vibration including the fluctuation). And, it is realized through the metaphoric comparison that “en” is the most important one of the three factors. That is, the first priority is “en” followed in order by “in” and “ka”. As for 2) in thinking about drinking water, a positive entropy means to remove the dirt in water, while a negative one, to supply the high quality water, respectively. In terms of the metaphoric comparison between the water quality changes and the entropies, the positive entropy (some kind of water quality change), meanwhile, was just a negative entropy (one new water quality change). We consider that a prehension by the concept as Jikkaigogu (mutual containment of the ten realms) and Nishida Kitaro’s logic of zettai mujun no jiko doitsu (absolutely contradictory self-identity) is useful to understand this. As for 3) the fluctuation, the supply of the energy and discarding the entropy continuously is the essential requisites to ensure a sound life at the same time. A supply of the high quality water is essential for that. Therefore, irradiating the appropriate wave energy (vibration including the fluctuation) into the water is a key point to get the high quality water. It is thought that the water flow itself at the upper reach in the mountain stream may have played two important roles such as entropy disposal (rhythm of water rotation) and supply of the fluctuation of energy (vibration) at the same time.
3) It is difficult to stop the desire because of an act by “the function” originally provided with human beings, but it is possible to control the function or change the way to approach for the desire. In regards to this point, we support a positive view on the human desire. Looking at the flow mentioned above from the standpoint of the stance as simultaneously not achieving both economic growth and conserving the environment, the ensure system of high quality water could be realized by just putting continuously a constant cost to the environmental site for the social benefit in the long-long time. We think that this would just become a proof of creation of benefit (changing the direction of desire). And by this, implementing the management for watershed and water quality will spur both an advocacy of the right in which we can drink the high quality water mostly free of charge and a promotion to develop a concrete mechanism for connecting to a watershed community to obtain the right. At that time, what is needed here is not an interest (seven consciousnesses [ego consc.]), an altruism (eight consciousnesses [altruistic heart/wisdom]) which are produced in one’s relations to others is needed as the basis of value. Then, this is easy to be familiar with Yuishiki (Consciousness only Buddhist philosophy) we proposed.
4) It is thought from the experiment that we could at least show a part of existence of possibility on water purification (resilience) in the water itself. That means that the resilience (recovery power) is a function itself of “妙 (Myo) (Openess, Completeness & Harmony, Resuscitation).” It would be proving the hypothesis that the resilience (recovery power) is working as a function (power) to change the situation of water qualities including the pollution to the true reality in phenomenal worlds. If it is true, that would be connected to the following fact that the intelligence which is restored the distortion of the present society developing under the law to its original state is also immanent in human nature with Buddha nature.
5) It is absolutely necessary to continue taking a high quality water as a drinking water to maintain soundly human life. The drinking water is just a life of human beings. The flow at the upper reach in the mountain stream in nature is full of the fluctuation. We could realize the importance to realize the meaning for meaningless things such as the fluctuation and the entropy in ordinary situation through the experiment. Therefore, it is fundamentally essential to deepen realization (Sense of wonder) for nature to solve environmental problems.
This time a clarification on the mechanism of the change of water quality (an interpretation of the phenomenon due to chemical reaction) is a big issue for future consideration for the reasons; 1) there is still great room for improvement in this experimental method and 2) the data including a possibility of element transmutation are still insufficient and so on. In addition, the research on the relationship between sound and water quality purification using Möbius wave producing device will be an important subject in the near future.
In carrying out our study, Dr. Imamura A. supported us for doing the experiment, making the graph showing the frequency spectrum of the sound waves and so on. So we would like to express publicly here our deepest appreciation for his help and support. In addition, a part of this study was conducted by the grant named 2016-2018 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: JSPS), Assignment number: 16k03246, Title: Environmental Anthropological Study on Watershed Resource Conservation of Indigenous Peoples in the Southern Part of Australia [Principal Investigator: Yugo Tomonaga]. So we also would like to express sincere appreciation to JSPS for the financial support to the research.
Hiratsuka, A., Tomonaga, Y., Wakae, K. and Yasuda, Y. (2018) Study on Sustainable Water Resource Conservation―Toward Deepening of Homo Environmentics. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 10, 327-368. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2018.103019