<i> Fusarium redolens </i> , a virulent fungus which causes damping off, leaf yellowing, wilting and root rots has recently been devastating cowpea fields in Uganda. This study aimed at identifying cowpea genotypes that are resistant to <i> Fusarium redolens </i> . Therefore, ninety cowpea genotypes were evaluated two times against a highly virulent <i> Fusarium redolens </i> (isolate from Zombo in Paidha district) in the screen house in 2016. Genotype effect was highly significant (P < 0.001) for root rot severity. Based on the Index of Susceptibility (IS), three genotypes (Asontem, Dan1 LA and IT89KD-88) remained resistant (IS < 3.5) over the two screening periods, 72 moderately resistant (3.5 ≤ IS < 6.5) and 11 susceptible (IS ≥ 6.5). Resistance was found to be enhanced by presence of lateral roots above or at the ground level. Further results suggested a difference in genetic control of resistance to root rots and seed rots caused by <i> Fusarium redolens </i> . All the released varieties tested (SECOW 1 T, SECOW 2 W, SECOW 3 B, SECOW 4 W and SECOW 5 T) had moderate resistance to <i> Fusarium redolens </i> . Correlation analysis revealed root rot severity was strongly correlated to disease incidence (+0.64, P < 0.001), to proportion of plants with lateral roots ( - 0.56, P < 0.001), to amount of leaf chlorophyll ( - 0.53, P < 0.001) and to proportion of plants that died prematurely due to <i> Fusarium redolens </i> infection (+0.45, P < 0.001). No significant correlation was detected between root rot severity and proportion of plants that germinated. The established resistance could be exploited for improvement of farmer preferred cowpea varieties towards <i> Fusarium redolens </i> resistance in Uganda.
Cowpea is the most important legume in the Eastern and Northern region of Uganda where both its leaves and grains are used as food [
Cultivation of cowpea in Uganda is constrained by many factors, among them cowpea root rots. These root rots are caused by a complex of pathogens including Fusarium redolens, F. cuneirostrum, F. oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Management of root rots is done following an integrated approach employing genetic resistance, cultural practices and chemical application [
Root rot pathogens are known to be synergistic to one another [
A total of ninety cowpea genotypes were evaluated for resistance to F. redolens. These included landraces (58), crosses (11), cultivars (5), breeding lines from IITA-Uganda (7) and exotic materials (9). The exotic genotypes were obtained from Ghana and Nigeria (
This study was conducted at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK), located in Wakiso district 25 km north of Kampala (32˚37'E, 0˚28'N) and at 1200 m above sea level. Day length at MUARIK is 12
Exotic | Released | Uganda IITA | Crosses | Ugandan Collections | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asetenapa1 | Secow I T | IT 109 | Ebalat × NE 39 | 2392 | NE 37 | NE 67 | WC 44 |
Asomdwee1 | Secow 2 W | IT 2841 B | Ebalat × NE 51 | 182 | NE 39 | NE 70 | WC 48 A |
Asontem1 | Secow 4 W | IT 71 | NE 39 × SEC 2 | 2434 | NE 4 | NE 71 | WC 5 |
Dan 1LA2 | Secow 5 T | IT 84 | NE 39 × SEC 4 | KVU27-1 | NE 40 | WC 16 | WC 52 |
Videza1 | Secow 3 B | IT 889 | NE 51 × SEC 4 | MU 15 | NE 44 | WC 63 | WC 55 |
IT96D-6102 | IT 91 | SEC 1 × SEC 4 | MU 17 | NE 45 | WC 17 | WC 18 | |
IT98K-205-82 | IT 97 | SEC 5 × NE 51 | MU 19 | NE 46 | WC 2 | WC 64 | |
IT89KD-2882 | SEC 5 × SEC 1 | MU 20 B | NE 48 | WC 26 | WC 66 | ||
IT97K4992 | SEC 5 × SEC 2 | MU 24 C | NE 18 | WC 27 | WC 67 | ||
SEC 5 × NE 39 | MU 9 | NE 5 | WC 29 | WC 67 A | |||
WC 32 × SEC 5 | NE 23 | NE 50 | WC 30 | WC 68 | |||
NE 30 | NE 51 | WC 35A | WC 69 | ||||
NE 31 | NE 53 | WC 36 | WC 8 | ||||
NE 32 | NE 55 | WC 41 | |||||
NE 36 | NE 6 | NE 21 |
IITA = International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; NE = North eastern Uganda; WC = West and Central Uganda and MU = Makerere University. 1Ghanaian material; 2Nigerian material.
hours throughout the year and the daily temperatures range from 17˚C to 33˚C. The region receives an average annual rainfall of 1200 mm. The screen house environment was modified by constructing a chamber inside the screen house with a transparent polyethene sheet which increased the humidity and the temperature to provide conducive environment for pathogen multiplication.
Paidha 19, a Fusarium redolens isolate was used to screen materials in this study. Inoculum was multiplied at the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) laboratory at Kawanda, Uganda. A modification of the method descri- bed by [
The seed samples of the genotypes (90 cowpea genotypes) were surface sterilized to remove surface contaminants and planted in the six wooden trays containing soil with mature F. redolens inoculum. Planting was done following an alpha lattice design of 6 blocks × 15 genotypes with two and three replications for first and second trial respectively. It was designed in such a way that there were two blocks per tray with fifteen rows of the test genotypes per block. Each row had 15 plants per genotype in the first trial and 7 plants per genotype in the second trial. The trays were placed on raised benches in the screen house and watered four days per week as described by [
First reaction to disease was assessed by counting the number of germinated plants per genotype 6 days after planting (DAP) and recording it as a percentage of the total seeds planted per genotype. This was used as a measure of F. redolens induced seed rot in each genotype. This was then followed by assessment of chlorophyll content using Photosynq [Soil Plant Analysis Development 3 (SP- AD 3)] to determine the level of leaf chlorosis observed for each genotype [
The data collected on the reaction of the cowpea genotypes to the pathogen were subjected to Restricted Maximum Likelihood (ReML) analysis in Genstat 12th edition, to detect any significant genotype effect on reaction to F. redolens. Linear mixed model was used in the analysis with genotypes as fixed factors while replication and blocks were random factors Equation (1). Genotype means were separated using Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Difference (LSD) at significance level tested at P ≤ 0.05 [
where
= effect of the kth block confounded in the jth replication,
Correlation analysis of predicted means was performed in GENSTAT 12th edition between root rot severity, disease incidence, percentage of plants with lateral roots, percentage of plants that died, leaf chlorophyll level and percentage of plants that germinated to determine if there was a significant relationship between the traits at P ≤ 0.05.
The index of susceptibility (IS) was developed in Genstat 12th edition through multiple regression of five variables with root rot severity as the response variate and percentage lateral roots, disease incidence, amount of chlorophyll and percentage of dead plants as the explanatory variates Equation (2).
where, IS = index of selection, LR = lateral roots, DI = disease incidence, CHL = chlorophyll and DP = dead plants.
Across trials results showed high significant differences in the mean performance of the genotypes when challenged with Fusarium redolens (
Source of Variation | D.F | Germination (%) | Chlorophyll | Dead plants (%) | Lateral roots (%) | Disease Incidence | Root rot severity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trial | 1 | 115389.25* | 383.1 ns | 5974.5* | 69706.75* | 100.18 ns | 0.25 ns |
Rep/Trial | 3 | 3434.8*** | 1055.18*** | 561.1 ns | 3352.6 ** | 595.6** | 0.34 ns |
Genotype | 89 | 2175.25*** | 51.15*** | 481 ns | 2180.75*** | 365.7*** | 4.77*** |
Genotype × Trial | 89 | 925.5*** | 19.67*** | 453.5 ns | 817.5 ns | 38.525 ns | 1.11 ns |
Error | 217 | 233.31 | 11.26 | 340.61 | 641.44 | 103.42 | 0.90 |
S.E.D. | 27.21 | 3.97 | 19.05 | 25.57 | 5.55 | 0.95 | |
CV (%) | 22.93 | 11.07 | 244.65 | 36.57 | 10.45 | 17.08 |
*, **, *** = significance at alpha 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively while ns = not significant.
Based on the Index of Susceptibility a clear difference was observed in the distribution of the various genotypes among the various resistant/susceptible clas- ses across the two trials (
Genotypes | Germination (%) | Chlorophyll Amount | Dead plants (%) | Lateral roots (%) | Disease Incidence | Root rot Severity | IS | Reaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASONTEM | 94.28 | 41.60 | 0.19 | 91.50 | 46.96 | 2.04 | 1.75 | R |
IT89KD-288 | 56.07 | 39.28 | 0.03 | 90.53 | 60.25 | 2.80 | 2.60 | R |
Dan ILA | 50.64 | 38.60 | 0.89 | 100.00 | 64.94 | 2.65 | 2.69 | R |
SECOW 3 B | 86.63 | 32.11 | 4.31 | 83.10 | 93.46 | 4.60 | 4.95 | I |
NE 70 | 41.86 | 33.54 | 0.51 | 76.17 | 100.00 | 3.25 | 5.33 | I |
SECOW 5 T | 81.92 | 27.93 | 9.20 | 93.00 | 99.97 | 5.26 | 5.36 | I |
NE 6 | 77.69 | 29.85 | 20.15 | 90.40 | 99.99 | 5.21 | 5.44 | I |
SECOW 1 T | 92.81 | 28.88 | 7.88 | 81.59 | 100.00 | 5.78 | 5.53 | I |
SECOW 2 W | 60.93 | 26.63 | 0.00 | 78.59 | 100.01 | 5.91 | 5.62 | I |
NE 50 | 74.11 | 28.97 | 1.16 | 60.62 | 100.00 | 5.98 | 5.89 | I |
SECOW 4 W | 47.75 | 31.59 | 16.23 | 56.89 | 100.00 | 6.35 | 6.00 | I |
MU 24C | 43.04 | 31.90 | 24.69 | 37.45 | 100.00 | 6.83 | 6.49 | S |
KVU27-1 | 79.91 | 27.95 | 5.20 | 29.26 | 99.99 | 6.99 | 6.63 | S |
IT98K-205-8 | 34.54 | 32.05 | 54.23 | 46.02 | 100.00 | 6.32 | 6.64 | S |
182 | 55.09 | 30.11 | 24.48 | 33.30 | 100.00 | 5.96 | 6.66 | S |
MU 9 | 85.58 | 28.07 | 24.11 | 36.84 | 99.99 | 6.96 | 6.68 | S |
WC 26 | 48.78 | 25.41 | 23.32 | 34.71 | 100.00 | 6.32 | 6.85 | S |
WC 69 | 79.61 | 25.93 | 33.14 | 36.57 | 100.00 | 6.34 | 6.90 | S |
ASETENAPA | 51.31 | 27.27 | 24.73 | 24.63 | 98.85 | 7.25 | 6.92 | S |
WC 66 | 89.23 | 26.36 | 16.08 | 23.91 | 99.97 | 7.62 | 6.94 | S |
IT 889 | 78.24 | 28.04 | 20.70 | 20.19 | 99.97 | 7.18 | 6.99 | S |
NE 4 | 63.22 | 28.87 | 41.40 | 24.87 | 99.95 | 7.47 | 7.08 | S |
GM | 69.43 | 30.40 | 7.47 | 69.68 | 96.96 | 5.54 | 5.54 | |
CV (%) | 24.50 | 10.75 | 132.13 | 30.16 | 9.27 | 18.32 | 16.42 | |
LSD (P = 0.05) | 41.81 | 7.83 | 37.54 | 50.44 | 10.95 | 1.87 | 0.82 |
R = resistant; I = intermediate and S = susceptible: First trial n = 90: second trial n = 86: trials 1, 2 and complete across trials predicted means table is available in Tables A1-A3 respectively; Resistant vs susceptible classification was based on index of susceptibility.
Moreover, a total of 3 genotypes (ASONTEM, Dan 1LA and IT89KD-288) were resistant (IS < 3.5) to F. redolens, 72 had intermediate resistance (3.5 < IS < 6.5) and 11 were susceptible (IS > 6.5) across the two trials (
Correlations analysis of the variables (
Parameters | Root rot severity | Disease incidence | Lateral roots (%) | Chlorophyll content | Dead plants (%) | Germination (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root rot severity | 1 | |||||
Disease incidence | 0.64*** | 1 | ||||
Lateral roots (%) | −0.56*** | −0.19** | 1 | |||
Chlorophyll | −0.53*** | −0.50*** | 0.16 * | 1 | ||
Dead plants (%) | 0.45*** | 0.13 ns | −0.47*** | −0.08 ns | 1 | |
Germination (%) | −0.08 ns | −0.03 ns | 0.34*** | −0.27*** | −0.30*** | 1 |
*, **, *** = significance at alpha 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively while ns = not significant.
germination had a negative but non-significant correlation to root rot severity and disease incidence but strongly significant correlation (−0.30, P < 0.001) to percentage dead plants. The percentage lateral roots had significant but weak correlation (+0.16, P < 0.05) to leaf chlorophyll, strongly significant correlation (−0.47, P < 0.001) to percentage dead plants and strongly significant correlation to percentage germination (+0.34, P < 0.001). In addition, amount of chlorophyll in the leaf had a negative and non-significant correlation to percentage dead plants and a strongly significant correlation (−0.27, P < 0.001) to percentage germination. On the other hand, percentage germination showed strong and significant correlation to percentage dead plants (−0.30, P < 0.001).
In the two screening trials of cowpea genotypes to identify resistance to Fusarium redolens root rot, varying levels of symptoms were developed within the first two weeks after planting. These symptoms consisted of seed rot, damping off, leaf yellowing, root rots and premature senescence. The root rot caused by Fusarium redolens gradually increased from 14 days after planting.
In this study, the results showed highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.001) of cowpea genotypes reaction to F. redolens root rots across the two trials. A factor attributed to the presence of a considerable genetic diversity among the genotypes used. Genotypes by trial interaction was non-significant for percentage of dead plants, percentage lateral roots, disease incidence and root rot severity which implied that the genotypes performance in relation to these parameters was consistent from one trial to the next. Therefore, the expression of these traits were more independent of environmental influence and performance of the genotypes in one trial could be used to predict their performance in the other trials. Contrastingly, genotype by trial interaction for percentage germination and amount of chlorophyll were highly significant indicating the performance of the genotypes for these parameters were influenced by the environmental conditions. The expression of resistance to diseases results from the plant genetic makeup and the influence of the environment in which the plant is grown [
Evaluation of resistance/susceptibility to Fusarium root rot has majorly been done by targeting a single trait (root rot severity). However, in this study, five susceptibility traits were cumulatively used to determine the resistance of the various genotypes to F. redolens. This is because resistance to root rot is complex response by the plant to the pathogen and which does not just depend on the root alone but other traits that come into play. Indeed [
Several symptoms have been reported to be associated with Fusarium root rot of cowpea. From farmer field observations [
Pathogenic Fusarium spp. have been known to cause reduction in seed germination potential [
Leaf yellowing (chlorosis) is one of the main symptoms of F. redolens [
Results from this study revealed that the genotypes had significantly different (P ≤ 0.001) ability to produce lateral roots. Besides, there was a highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) negative correlation between root rot severity and percentage of plants that produced lateral roots per genotype suggesting that genotypes with ability to produce lateral roots showed more resistance to F. redolens. The same genotypes with lateral roots producing ability seemed to have better survival mechanism even when infected. Previous studies have suggested that lateral roots are produced as a survival mechanism response to Fusarium infection [
According to [
The study showed that there were resistant genotypes against F. redolens in Uganda. Three genotypes (ASONTEM, Dan 1LA and IT89KD-288) were resistant to F. redolens). The released cultivars evaluated (SECOW 2 W, SECOW 3 B, SECOW 4 W, SECOW 5 T and SECOW 1 T) were all moderately resistant to Fusarium redolens. Resistance in these varieties can be improved through bre- eding (both forward and back crosses) in order to ensure that qualities for which they were selected are retained. The study also showed that cowpea genotypes that produced lateral roots above or at the ground level were more resistant to F. redolens. In addition, the study has shown that resistance to Fusarium root rots and Fusarium seed rots may be conferred by separate genetic responses in cowpea. This makes seed from some F. redolens root rot resistant lines to succumb to rot.
Field evaluation studies are recommended as it is essential to evaluate the stability of this resistance in varying environments especially under severe stresses to avoid disease escapes. The landraces WC 67 A and WC 27 had relatively low IS thus they can easily be accepted for release if tested in for stability and adaptability to other agronomic traits.
We acknowledge the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) for the full financial support of the study and Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK) administration, for allowing the research to be conducted in their laboratory and screen house.
Namasaka, R.W., Tusiime, G., Orawu, M., Gibson, P., Nyiramugisha, J. and Edema, R. (2017) Eva- luation of Cowpea Genotypes for Resistance to Fusarium redolens in Uganda. Ame- rican Journal of Plant Sciences, 8, 2296- 2314. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.89154
Genotypes | Germination (%) | Chlorophyll Amount | Dead plants (%) | Lateral roots (%) | Disease Incidence | Root rot Severity | IS | Reaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dan ILA | 94.16 | 37.15 | 1.61 | 100.00 | 31.43 | 1.99 | 1.42 | R |
ASONTEM | 100.00 | 42.36 | 0.00 | 99.92 | 64.29 | 2.14 | 2.72 | R |
WC32 × SECOW 5 | 49.16 | 35.98 | 1.61 | 100.00 | 62.50 | 3.25 | 3.05 | R |
IT89KD-288 | 51.91 | 39.82 | 0.00 | 98.67 | 70.00 | 3.10 | 3.18 | R |
EBELAT × NE 39 | 100.00 | 37.61 | 0.00 | 60.73 | 67.86 | 3.98 | 3.80 | I |
WC 52 | 82.47 | 36.38 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 81.67 | 3.73 | 3.96 | I |
WC 67 A | 52.99 | 32.96 | 0.93 | 94.60 | 83.33 | 4.17 | 4.35 | I |
IT 97 | 95.07 | 37.18 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 92.86 | 4.93 | 4.47 | I |
WC 27 | 87.59 | 31.62 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 87.50 | 3.92 | 4.54 | I |
WC 36 | 89.31 | 33.63 | 0.00 | 97.81 | 90.00 | 4.06 | 4.58 | I |
NE 39 | 93.65 | 32.03 | 0.77 | 100.00 | 91.67 | 3.86 | 4.74 | I |
NE 71 | 77.83 | 34.65 | 1.57 | 73.23 | 91.67 | 4.33 | 5.01 | I |
NE 21 | 88.70 | 35.01 | 0.93 | 94.60 | 100.00 | 4.83 | 5.06 | I |
IT96D-610 | 97.83 | 35.43 | 0.84 | 92.14 | 100.00 | 5.71 | 5.07 | I |
NE 70 | 49.95 | 33.23 | 1.36 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 3.17 | 5.10 | I |
NE 51 | 95.07 | 34.23 | 5.91 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 5.17 | 5.12 | I |
2392 | 67.20 | 32.92 | 2.05 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 4.20 | 5.13 | I |
NE 31 | 84.54 | 32.90 | 0.00 | 95.24 | 100.00 | 6.94 | 5.17 | I |
NE 48 | 67.20 | 32.03 | 2.05 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 6.17 | 5.18 | I |
IT97K499 | 99.26 | 35.68 | 1.57 | 83.95 | 100.00 | 4.57 | 5.20 | I |
WC 18 | 34.32 | 34.66 | 13.87 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 5.24 | I |
WC 29 | 97.07 | 30.98 | 2.18 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 5.71 | 5.25 | I |
NE 44 | 90.82 | 32.86 | 8.59 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 5.17 | 5.25 | I |
WC 48 A | 73.92 | 31.73 | 0.00 | 90.72 | 100.00 | 6.33 | 5.31 | I |
MU 17 | 86.22 | 32.20 | 5.10 | 93.18 | 100.00 | 5.50 | 5.34 | I |
SECOW 5 × NE 39 | 20.36 | 31.58 | 1.72 | 90.89 | 100.00 | 5.50 | 5.35 | I |
SECOW 5 × NE 51 | 100.00 | 35.21 | 22.20 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 4.46 | 5.35 | I |
SECOW 3 B | 85.51 | 32.05 | 0.00 | 86.39 | 100.00 | 4.20 | 5.36 | I |
WC 63 | 51.05 | 29.43 | 2.24 | 98.77 | 100.00 | 4.75 | 5.37 | I |
NE 5 | 79.08 | 32.92 | 5.10 | 87.23 | 100.00 | 5.07 | 5.38 | I |
IT 109 | 100.00 | 28.26 | 0.77 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 6.86 | 5.39 | I |
SECOW 5 × SECOW 2 | 79.39 | 30.14 | 0.00 | 91.59 | 100.00 | 6.27 | 5.39 | I |
WC 5 | 51.88 | 31.48 | 0.00 | 83.05 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 5.44 | I |
IT98K-205-8 | 63.52 | 34.62 | 10.49 | 82.85 | 100.00 | 5.25 | 5.44 | I |
SEC 1 × SEC 4 | 92.99 | 29.18 | 0.00 | 90.99 | 100.00 | 6.12 | 5.46 | I |
NE 6 | 100.00 | 29.80 | 5.39 | 93.76 | 100.00 | 5.57 | 5.48 | I |
NE 37 | 87.04 | 26.45 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 5.33 | 5.49 | I |
NE 39 × SECOW 2 | 73.09 | 33.36 | 8.53 | 80.98 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 5.52 | I |
SECOW 5 T | 96.20 | 26.04 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 4.86 | 5.52 | I |
MU 20 B | 97.07 | 30.76 | 2.18 | 60.33 | 92.86 | 5.57 | 5.52 | I |
NE 40 | 47.76 | 32.38 | 11.97 | 87.83 | 100.00 | 6.70 | 5.53 | I |
WC 55 | 92.01 | 28.01 | 8.76 | 101.04 | 100.00 | 5.75 | 5.54 | I |
WC 30 | 89.93 | 28.88 | 2.18 | 88.90 | 100.00 | 5.60 | 5.55 | I |
NE 32 | 96.20 | 25.43 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 5.57 | 5.56 | I |
NE 18 | 97.15 | 29.78 | 8.20 | 90.36 | 100.00 | 4.74 | 5.59 | I |
WC 16 | 92.09 | 28.20 | 7.63 | 95.35 | 100.00 | 5.50 | 5.60 | I |
MU 24 C | 72.78 | 31.45 | 1.01 | 73.23 | 100.00 | 5.60 | 5.62 | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SECOW 5 × SECOW 1 | 79.08 | 25.63 | 0.00 | 94.37 | 100.00 | 5.21 | 5.63 | I |
NE 45 | 80.23 | 25.61 | 0.00 | 93.48 | 100.00 | 5.97 | 5.65 | I |
NE 46 | 86.19 | 26.78 | 0.00 | 88.17 | 100.00 | 6.67 | 5.66 | I |
NE 39 × SEC 4 | 90.00 | 30.87 | 9.39 | 82.02 | 100.00 | 4.86 | 5.67 | I |
NE 36 | 100.00 | 27.71 | 0.00 | 83.52 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 5.67 | I |
IT 2841 BROWN | 77.06 | 29.05 | 0.00 | 72.30 | 100.00 | 5.37 | 5.76 | I |
WC 41 | 84.57 | 27.34 | 2.85 | 82.30 | 100.00 | 6.40 | 5.76 | I |
WC 68 | 100.00 | 26.70 | 12.30 | 94.11 | 100.00 | 6.69 | 5.79 | I |
NE 67 | 77.43 | 25.37 | 2.85 | 86.58 | 100.00 | 6.07 | 5.82 | I |
SECOW 4 W | 69.19 | 31.11 | 18.63 | 81.16 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 5.84 | I |
NE 50 | 100.00 | 26.94 | 0.00 | 75.84 | 100.00 | 6.14 | 5.84 | I |
SECOW 2 W | 75.32 | 24.85 | 7.52 | 92.26 | 100.00 | 6.60 | 5.85 | I |
WC 44 | 100.00 | 25.15 | 0.00 | 82.16 | 100.00 | 5.00 | 5.85 | I |
NE 23 | 97.83 | 24.63 | 0.84 | 85.00 | 100.00 | 6.71 | 5.85 | I |
WC 8 | 100.00 | 26.12 | 0.00 | 77.24 | 100.00 | 5.86 | 5.87 | I |
WC 17 | 99.26 | 28.41 | 1.57 | 69.66 | 100.00 | 6.29 | 5.87 | I |
2434 | 77.50 | 27.95 | 1.72 | 70.89 | 100.00 | 5.17 | 5.88 | I |
MU 15 | 100.00 | 26.06 | 0.00 | 75.84 | 100.00 | 5.57 | 5.89 | I |
NE 51 × SECOW 4 | 93.34 | 26.03 | 6.94 | 83.41 | 100.00 | 4.71 | 5.90 | I |
IT 71 | 77.50 | 25.70 | 1.72 | 78.39 | 100.00 | 6.29 | 5.91 | I |
SECOW 1 T | 85.85 | 23.79 | 13.62 | 98.14 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 5.93 | I |
ASOMDWEE | 64.08 | 24.16 | 0.00 | 78.05 | 100.00 | 5.85 | 5.98 | I |
EBERAT × NE 51 | 79.90 | 24.01 | 6.35 | 83.40 | 100.00 | 6.60 | 6.02 | I |
NE 4 | 100.00 | 30.94 | 0.00 | 48.14 | 100.00 | 6.29 | 6.02 | I |
NE 55 | 65.63 | 27.20 | 1.01 | 63.94 | 100.00 | 5.64 | 6.03 | I |
WC 67 | 89.61 | 25.45 | 0.00 | 68.93 | 100.00 | 5.33 | 6.04 | I |
WC 35 A | 98.60 | 24.36 | 15.66 | 91.39 | 100.00 | 5.94 | 6.04 | I |
MU 9 | 97.96 | 28.12 | 8.59 | 66.77 | 100.00 | 6.14 | 6.06 | I |
IT 84 | 100.00 | 28.45 | 2.24 | 55.91 | 100.00 | 5.57 | 6.10 | I |
MU 19 | 100.00 | 21.74 | 0.00 | 77.24 | 100.00 | 5.71 | 6.14 | I |
NE 53 | 81.07 | 25.86 | 0.00 | 60.72 | 100.00 | 6.27 | 6.14 | I |
NE 30 | 96.20 | 23.04 | 0.00 | 71.66 | 100.00 | 5.33 | 6.14 | I |
182 | 77.25 | 30.90 | 12.75 | 55.23 | 100.00 | 5.76 | 6.15 | I |
WC 64 | 91.71 | 29.81 | 2.85 | 41.82 | 100.00 | 6.05 | 6.24 | I |
VIDEZA | 36.19 | 27.12 | 15.27 | 63.17 | 100.00 | 6.50 | 6.30 | I |
WC 26 | 69.92 | 21.25 | 0.00 | 67.30 | 100.00 | 5.40 | 6.32 | I |
IT 91 | 91.54 | 24.23 | 0.25 | 55.23 | 100.00 | 5.52 | 6.33 | I |
WC 2 | 84.54 | 23.97 | 7.54 | 44.05 | 100.00 | 7.17 | 6.65 | S |
KVU27-1 | 85.66 | 26.88 | 11.36 | 34.31 | 100.00 | 7.49 | 6.70 | S |
IT 889 | 83.55 | 27.88 | 9.18 | 27.14 | 100.00 | 7.20 | 6.70 | S |
WC 66 | 98.83 | 23.70 | 0.00 | 30.95 | 100.00 | 7.57 | 6.74 | S |
ASETENAPA | 95.84 | 27.87 | 43.79 | 48.17 | 100.00 | 7.50 | 7.01 | S |
WC 69 | 99.95 | 23.82 | 37.07 | 46.45 | 100.00 | 6.00 | 7.17 | S |
GM | 83.44 | 29.59 | 4.48 | 82.06 | 96.75 | 5.50 | 5.50 | |
CV (%) | 20.88 | 14.60 | 165.26 | 22.35 | 10.67 | 19.85 | 15.79 | |
LSD (P = 0.05) | 26.39 | 7.45 | 23.21 | 32.65 | 20.47 | 1.73 | 1.34 |
Genotypes | Germination (%) | Chlorophyll Amount | Dead plants (%) | Lateral roots (%) | Disease Incidence | Root rot Severity | IS | Reaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASONTEM | 87.74 | 40.80 | 0.38 | 82.69 | 28.83 | 1.92 | 1.54 | R |
IT89KD-288 | 60.23 | 38.72 | 0.06 | 82.01 | 50.05 | 2.48 | 2.56 | R |
WC 27 | 60.08 | 34.26 | 0.00 | 93.20 | 75.04 | 3.44 | 3.62 | I |
WC 67 A | 33.70 | 34.24 | 0.98 | 99.34 | 77.79 | 3.05 | 3.65 | I |
WC 36 | 53.61 | 34.62 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 91.68 | 4.23 | 4.22 | I |
NE 39 | 59.55 | 33.66 | 2.25 | 71.27 | 80.58 | 4.41 | 4.34 | I |
Dan ILA | 7.12 | 40.12 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 3.33 | 4.39 | I |
WC 52 | 46.41 | 28.05 | 0.00 | 85.31 | 88.83 | 4.56 | 4.61 | I |
SECOW 3B | 87.75 | 32.18 | 8.77 | 79.66 | 86.62 | 5.02 | 4.61 | I |
NE 39 × SECOW 2 | 7.01 | 30.77 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 5.32 | 4.73 | I |
WC 44 | 99.46 | 33.92 | 3.28 | 96.34 | 100.00 | 4.91 | 4.74 | I |
ASOMDWEE | 5.51 | 31.24 | 9.52 | 99.42 | 97.58 | 5.00 | 4.78 | I |
NE 46 | 87.97 | 29.27 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 99.92 | 5.20 | 4.78 | I |
EBELAT × NE 39 | 24.91 | 35.96 | 2.59 | 48.97 | 83.19 | 4.20 | 4.79 | I |
NE 18 | 18.64 | 29.26 | 2.59 | 98.97 | 99.85 | 5.20 | 4.84 | I |
IT 97 | 32.74 | 37.21 | 29.59 | 68.25 | 83.29 | 4.62 | 4.85 | I |
2392 | 73.78 | 35.60 | 4.95 | 85.95 | 100.00 | 4.84 | 4.90 | I |
SECOW 5 × NE 51 | 26.05 | 34.32 | 1.68 | 81.98 | 99.82 | 6.23 | 4.96 | I |
NE 21 | 45.54 | 33.27 | 1.94 | 83.11 | 99.97 | 5.02 | 4.99 | I |
NE 44 | 59.67 | 34.96 | 7.53 | 83.87 | 99.95 | 5.22 | 5.01 | I |
NE 30 | 85.55 | 30.36 | 3.68 | 88.80 | 99.97 | 5.49 | 5.02 | I |
NE 67 | 74.37 | 33.48 | 1.35 | 80.25 | 100.00 | 4.89 | 5.02 | I |
NE 23 | 99.59 | 27.73 | 0.00 | 83.95 | 99.98 | 5.01 | 5.14 | I |
NE 55 | 59.24 | 30.23 | 7.77 | 82.00 | 99.95 | 5.45 | 5.22 | I |
NE 32 | 79.01 | 28.50 | 3.81 | 80.85 | 100.00 | 5.04 | 5.23 | I |
WC 63 | 60.10 | 29.81 | 0.00 | 74.51 | 100.00 | 4.71 | 5.24 | I |
2434 | 68.14 | 30.08 | 0.00 | 73.59 | 99.95 | 4.98 | 5.25 | I |
NE 51 | 46.29 | 32.03 | 10.02 | 78.92 | 100.00 | 5.39 | 5.25 | I |
NE 39 × SECOW 4 | 80.45 | 29.30 | 0.00 | 72.78 | 99.97 | 5.11 | 5.29 | I |
WC 48 A | 80.37 | 36.53 | 6.90 | 65.15 | 100.00 | 5.04 | 5.29 | I |
SECOW 1 T | 99.78 | 34.21 | 1.25 | 64.28 | 100.00 | 5.55 | 5.29 | I |
NE 48 | 80.09 | 25.10 | 2.50 | 81.80 | 99.99 | 5.41 | 5.32 | I |
MU 19 | 52.75 | 34.61 | 19.51 | 78.45 | 100.00 | 5.85 | 5.33 | I |
NE 5 | 53.53 | 31.48 | 1.15 | 65.95 | 100.00 | 5.18 | 5.36 | I |
SECOW 1 × SECOW 4 | 67.70 | 33.12 | 1.03 | 62.50 | 100.00 | 5.84 | 5.36 | I |
WC 2 | 59.59 | 29.30 | 0.00 | 68.26 | 99.98 | 4.69 | 5.37 | I |
SECOW 5 T | 67.64 | 29.90 | 18.72 | 82.94 | 99.93 | 5.69 | 5.40 | I |
WC 29 | 67.47 | 31.97 | 0.00 | 61.42 | 99.91 | 5.42 | 5.40 | I |
IT 84 | 66.40 | 31.12 | 0.00 | 62.88 | 99.98 | 6.26 | 5.41 | I |
WC 16 | 100.00 | 26.18 | 0.00 | 71.07 | 99.98 | 5.36 | 5.43 | I |
IT 2841 BROWN | 86.12 | 28.70 | 7.59 | 73.08 | 100.00 | 5.19 | 5.44 | I |
SECOW 5 × SECOW 1 | 12.74 | 38.01 | 9.52 | 49.42 | 97.58 | 6.00 | 5.47 | I |
IT96D-610 | 20.57 | 32.23 | 0.00 | 56.43 | 99.78 | 5.17 | 5.48 | I |
WC 5 | 32.57 | 32.06 | 3.52 | 57.23 | 100.00 | 5.17 | 5.54 | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NE 70 | 33.77 | 33.86 | 1.03 | 51.22 | 100.00 | 3.34 | 5.55 | I |
IT 109 | 33.07 | 31.53 | 0.00 | 54.12 | 99.98 | 5.35 | 5.56 | I |
NE 6 | 53.51 | 29.90 | 33.62 | 86.88 | 99.97 | 4.83 | 5.58 | I |
NE 40 | 14.16 | 30.02 | 0.00 | 49.68 | 98.88 | 4.79 | 5.64 | I |
NE 51 × SECOW 4 | 19.70 | 30.62 | 2.58 | 51.02 | 99.02 | 5.87 | 5.65 | I |
MU 17 | 53.23 | 31.57 | 6.88 | 54.58 | 99.90 | 5.30 | 5.66 | I |
NE 36 | 80.43 | 30.75 | 1.03 | 50.11 | 100.00 | 5.76 | 5.68 | I |
SECOW 2W | 46.54 | 28.50 | 11.72 | 64.28 | 100.00 | 5.19 | 5.68 | I |
IT 71 | 13.71 | 29.16 | 0.00 | 51.61 | 100.00 | 7.33 | 5.69 | I |
IT 91 | 87.35 | 28.23 | 4.83 | 57.05 | 99.99 | 4.97 | 5.70 | I |
WC 30 | 86.27 | 29.39 | 14.65 | 63.69 | 100.00 | 6.09 | 5.71 | I |
WC 41 | 39.72 | 32.87 | 2.14 | 44.63 | 99.97 | 5.89 | 5.72 | I |
WC 8 | 87.58 | 31.98 | 6.28 | 49.63 | 99.92 | 6.07 | 5.73 | I |
NE 50 | 46.40 | 31.08 | 2.37 | 44.70 | 100.00 | 5.82 | 5.79 | I |
WC 67 | 66.40 | 30.68 | 0.00 | 41.11 | 100.00 | 5.61 | 5.83 | I |
WC 68 | 53.84 | 34.77 | 1.32 | 32.59 | 100.00 | 6.19 | 5.86 | I |
SECOW 5 × SECOW 2 | 18.41 | 32.74 | 36.20 | 63.15 | 100.00 | 6.39 | 5.96 | I |
WC 55 | 32.81 | 27.73 | 31.67 | 67.32 | 100.00 | 5.69 | 5.99 | I |
NE 71 | 40.13 | 33.08 | 43.82 | 66.23 | 100.00 | 5.99 | 6.02 | I |
WC 64 | 52.43 | 28.06 | 11.38 | 41.85 | 100.00 | 6.49 | 6.11 | I |
WC 17 | 88.14 | 32.15 | 21.33 | 39.57 | 99.95 | 6.55 | 6.17 | I |
KVU27-1 | 74.16 | 29.07 | 0.23 | 23.98 | 99.98 | 6.47 | 6.21 | I |
NE 45 | 32.83 | 31.79 | 16.77 | 33.04 | 99.93 | 6.65 | 6.22 | I |
SECOW 4 W | 26.31 | 32.10 | 15.77 | 31.49 | 100.00 | 6.72 | 6.23 | I |
NE 53 | 99.99 | 30.17 | 0.00 | 19.65 | 99.99 | 5.95 | 6.25 | I |
EBERAT × NE 51 | 61.89 | 25.25 | 0.00 | 25.73 | 99.95 | 6.51 | 6.31 | I |
NE 37 | 26.37 | 28.57 | 19.25 | 34.35 | 99.02 | 5.20 | 6.32 | I |
IT97K499 | 5.63 | 35.78 | 6.18 | 2.53 | 97.67 | 7.00 | 6.37 | I |
NE 31 | 33.06 | 29.19 | 2.70 | 15.22 | 100.00 | 6.70 | 6.41 | I |
WC 35A | 13.20 | 34.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 99.80 | 6.12 | 6.45 | I |
MU 15 | 93.18 | 25.91 | 18.25 | 26.49 | 99.97 | 6.08 | 6.58 | S |
WC 69 | 59.27 | 28.15 | 30.48 | 26.24 | 100.00 | 6.69 | 6.72 | S |
ASETENAPA | 6.78 | 26.63 | 5.98 | 0.00 | 97.65 | 6.99 | 6.74 | S |
MU 20B | 61.89 | 31.07 | 15.77 | 5.20 | 99.92 | 5.74 | 6.75 | S |
WC 66 | 79.64 | 29.15 | 32.72 | 16.54 | 99.93 | 7.67 | 6.90 | S |
IT 889 | 72.94 | 28.20 | 33.50 | 12.92 | 99.94 | 7.15 | 7.01 | S |
182 | 32.93 | 29.29 | 36.87 | 10.35 | 100.00 | 6.18 | 7.08 | S |
MU 9 | 73.19 | 28.01 | 41.66 | 5.52 | 99.97 | 7.82 | 7.30 | S |
MU 24 C | 13.31 | 32.37 | 50.25 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 8.11 | 7.39 | S |
WC 26 | 27.65 | 29.76 | 47.45 | 0.60 | 100.00 | 7.28 | 7.43 | S |
NE 4 | 26.30 | 26.71 | 84.25 | 0.52 | 99.90 | 8.70 | 8.16 | S |
IT98K-205-8 | 5.57 | 29.35 | 100.00 | 7.48 | 100.00 | 7.44 | 8.21 | S |
GM | 52.92 | 31.37 | 11.23 | 56.74 | 96.87 | 5.57 | 5.57 | |
CV (%) | 52.36 | 10.26 | 160.39 | 51.84 | 10.72 | 20.80 | 18.30 | |
LSD (P = 0.05) | 31.82 | 6.15 | 44.01 | 58.67 | 20.03 | 1.98 | 0.92 |
R = resistant; I = intermediate and S = susceptible: IS = Index of susceptibility; NB: Four genotypes failed to germinate and were therefore excluded from the overall analysis.
Genotypes | Germination (%) | Chlorophyll Amount | Dead plants (%) | Lateral roots (%) | Disease Incidence | Root rot Severity | IS | Reaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASONTEM | 94.28 | 41.60 | 0.19 | 91.50 | 46.96 | 2.04 | 1.75 | R |
IT89KD-288 | 56.07 | 39.28 | 0.03 | 90.53 | 60.25 | 2.80 | 2.60 | R |
Dan ILA | 50.64 | 38.60 | 0.89 | 100.00 | 64.94 | 2.65 | 2.69 | R |
WC 67 A | 43.34 | 33.58 | 0.48 | 96.92 | 80.62 | 3.62 | 3.85 | I |
WC 27 | 73.84 | 32.91 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 81.41 | 3.68 | 3.86 | I |
WC 52 | 64.44 | 32.31 | 0.00 | 93.98 | 85.17 | 4.14 | 4.22 | I |
EBELAT × NE 39 | 63.24 | 36.80 | 1.27 | 54.99 | 75.35 | 4.09 | 4.29 | I |
WC 36 | 71.46 | 34.11 | 0.00 | 98.88 | 90.82 | 4.14 | 4.33 | I |
NE 39 | 76.60 | 32.83 | 1.11 | 87.79 | 86.25 | 4.13 | 4.39 | I |
IT 97 | 63.91 | 37.19 | 14.54 | 86.08 | 88.18 | 4.78 | 4.47 | I |
SECOW 3B | 86.63 | 32.11 | 4.31 | 83.10 | 93.46 | 4.60 | 4.95 | I |
2392 | 70.49 | 34.23 | 2.43 | 93.28 | 100.00 | 4.51 | 4.96 | I |
NE 44 | 75.24 | 33.88 | 7.33 | 93.39 | 99.98 | 5.19 | 5.03 | I |
NE 21 | 67.12 | 34.16 | 0.95 | 88.99 | 99.99 | 4.92 | 5.04 | I |
SECOW 5 × NE 51 | 63.42 | 34.78 | 11.72 | 93.02 | 99.91 | 5.33 | 5.04 | I |
NE 51 | 70.68 | 33.15 | 8.56 | 91.30 | 100.00 | 5.28 | 5.13 | I |
NE 39 × SEC 2 | 40.05 | 32.09 | 5.09 | 90.27 | 100.00 | 5.67 | 5.16 | I |
NE 18 | 57.89 | 29.53 | 4.91 | 94.57 | 99.93 | 4.97 | 5.19 | I |
NE 46 | 87.08 | 28.00 | 0.00 | 93.95 | 99.96 | 5.95 | 5.23 | I |
NE 48 | 73.64 | 28.64 | 1.23 | 91.26 | 100.00 | 5.80 | 5.27 | I |
WC 44 | 100.00 | 29.43 | 1.61 | 89.09 | 100.00 | 4.96 | 5.28 | I |
WC 48 A | 77.15 | 34.07 | 3.39 | 78.23 | 100.00 | 5.70 | 5.29 | I |
WC 63 | 55.57 | 29.62 | 0.00 | 86.92 | 100.00 | 4.73 | 5.30 | I |
NE 70 | 41.86 | 33.54 | 0.51 | 76.17 | 100.00 | 3.25 | 5.33 | I |
IT96D-610 | 59.20 | 33.87 | 0.00 | 74.69 | 99.89 | 5.45 | 5.33 | I |
NE 32 | 87.60 | 26.93 | 1.87 | 91.98 | 100.00 | 5.31 | 5.35 | I |
ASOMDWEE | 34.79 | 27.62 | 4.68 | 88.49 | 98.82 | 5.44 | 5.35 | I |
SECOW 5T | 81.92 | 27.93 | 9.20 | 93.00 | 99.97 | 5.26 | 5.36 | I |
NE 67 | 75.90 | 29.33 | 0.66 | 83.49 | 100.00 | 5.49 | 5.39 | I |
NE 5 | 66.30 | 32.22 | 4.20 | 76.83 | 100.00 | 5.13 | 5.42 | I |
SECOW 1 × SECOW 4 | 80.34 | 31.10 | 0.51 | 77.07 | 100.00 | 5.98 | 5.43 | I |
IT 109 | 66.93 | 29.86 | 0.00 | 79.41 | 99.99 | 6.12 | 5.44 | I |
NE 6 | 77.69 | 29.85 | 20.15 | 90.40 | 99.99 | 5.21 | 5.44 | I |
NE 71 | 58.98 | 33.88 | 21.53 | 69.81 | 95.74 | 5.15 | 5.45 | I |
SECOW 5 × SECOW 1 | 45.91 | 31.68 | 4.68 | 72.41 | 98.82 | 5.60 | 5.48 | I |
NE 39 × SECOW 4 | 85.23 | 30.10 | 4.24 | 77.51 | 99.99 | 4.98 | 5.51 | I |
WC 29 | 82.27 | 31.46 | 0.00 | 71.82 | 99.96 | 5.57 | 5.51 | I |
NE 23 | 98.71 | 26.15 | 0.00 | 84.49 | 99.99 | 5.88 | 5.52 | I |
MU 17 | 69.73 | 31.89 | 7.01 | 74.32 | 99.95 | 5.40 | 5.52 | I |
WC 16 | 96.18 | 27.21 | 3.63 | 83.49 | 99.99 | 5.43 | 5.53 | I |
SECOW 1 T | 92.81 | 28.88 | 7.88 | 81.59 | 100.00 | 5.78 | 5.53 | I |
WC 5 | 42.22 | 31.77 | 1.73 | 70.43 | 100.00 | 5.60 | 5.55 | I |
NE 40 | 30.96 | 31.23 | 3.04 | 69.19 | 99.45 | 5.77 | 5.59 | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SECOW 5 × SECOW 2 | 48.90 | 31.41 | 17.79 | 77.69 | 100.00 | 6.33 | 5.60 | I |
NE 30 | 90.87 | 26.62 | 1.81 | 80.04 | 99.99 | 5.41 | 5.61 | I |
WC 30 | 88.10 | 29.13 | 7.20 | 76.58 | 100.00 | 5.84 | 5.62 | I |
SECOW 2 W | 60.93 | 26.63 | 0.00 | 78.59 | 100.01 | 5.91 | 5.62 | I |
2434 | 72.82 | 28.99 | 0.00 | 72.21 | 99.98 | 5.08 | 5.63 | I |
WC 55 | 62.41 | 27.87 | 19.20 | 84.56 | 100.00 | 5.72 | 5.65 | I |
IT 2841 BROWN | 81.59 | 28.88 | 3.73 | 72.68 | 100.00 | 5.28 | 5.67 | I |
MU 19 | 77.33 | 28.03 | 9.59 | 77.83 | 100.00 | 5.78 | 5.67 | I |
NE 55 | 62.44 | 28.68 | 3.82 | 72.77 | 99.98 | 5.55 | 5.68 | I |
NE 36 | 92.01 | 29.19 | 0.51 | 67.19 | 100.00 | 5.88 | 5.73 | I |
WC 41 | 62.14 | 30.04 | 1.05 | 63.89 | 99.99 | 6.15 | 5.76 | I |
NE 37 | 56.70 | 27.48 | 9.46 | 72.22 | 99.52 | 5.27 | 5.79 | I |
NE 51 × SECOW 4 | 56.52 | 28.27 | 5.51 | 67.58 | 99.52 | 5.28 | 5.80 | I |
WC 68 | 77.58 | 30.64 | 7.91 | 64.05 | 100.00 | 6.45 | 5.81 | I |
WC 8 | 94.75 | 28.99 | 3.09 | 63.75 | 99.96 | 5.96 | 5.84 | I |
IT 71 | 45.61 | 27.39 | 0.00 | 65.31 | 100.00 | 6.80 | 5.85 | I |
IT97K499 | 52.45 | 35.73 | 5.09 | 44.16 | 98.86 | 5.76 | 5.87 | I |
NE 31 | 58.80 | 31.09 | 1.33 | 56.14 | 100.00 | 6.83 | 5.87 | I |
NE 50 | 74.11 | 28.97 | 1.16 | 60.62 | 100.00 | 5.98 | 5.89 | I |
NE 45 | 56.53 | 28.63 | 8.24 | 63.95 | 99.97 | 6.30 | 5.91 | I |
IT 84 | 83.72 | 29.75 | 10.85 | 59.32 | 99.99 | 5.91 | 5.98 | I |
SECOW 4 W | 47.75 | 31.59 | 16.23 | 56.89 | 100.00 | 6.35 | 6.00 | I |
WC 67 | 78.00 | 28.00 | 0.00 | 55.34 | 100.00 | 5.47 | 6.03 | I |
WC 17 | 93.70 | 30.24 | 10.48 | 54.96 | 99.98 | 6.42 | 6.04 | I |
IT 91 | 89.44 | 26.19 | 2.37 | 56.12 | 100.00 | 5.26 | 6.13 | I |
WC 2 | 72.07 | 26.57 | 4.24 | 55.88 | 99.99 | 5.96 | 6.14 | I |
WC 35 A | 55.90 | 29.30 | 7.27 | 46.73 | 99.90 | 6.03 | 6.22 | I |
MU 20B | 79.48 | 30.91 | 7.75 | 33.39 | 96.31 | 5.65 | 6.23 | I |
EBERAT × NE 51 | 70.89 | 24.62 | 4.24 | 55.22 | 99.98 | 6.56 | 6.25 | I |
MU 15 | 97.50 | 25.99 | 8.97 | 51.73 | 99.99 | 5.82 | 6.31 | I |
WC 64 | 72.07 | 28.95 | 5.59 | 41.83 | 100.00 | 6.26 | 6.33 | I |
NE 53 | 90.53 | 27.97 | 0.00 | 40.65 | 100.00 | 6.11 | 6.34 | I |
MU 24 C | 43.04 | 31.90 | 24.69 | 37.45 | 100.00 | 6.83 | 6.49 | S |
KVU27-1 | 79.91 | 27.95 | 5.20 | 29.26 | 99.99 | 6.99 | 6.63 | S |
IT98K-205-8 | 34.54 | 32.05 | 54.23 | 46.02 | 100.00 | 6.32 | 6.64 | S |
182 | 55.09 | 30.11 | 24.48 | 33.30 | 100.00 | 5.96 | 6.66 | S |
MU 9 | 85.58 | 28.07 | 24.11 | 36.84 | 99.99 | 6.96 | 6.68 | S |
WC 26 | 48.78 | 25.41 | 23.32 | 34.71 | 100.00 | 6.32 | 6.85 | S |
WC 69 | 79.61 | 25.93 | 33.14 | 36.57 | 100.00 | 6.34 | 6.90 | S |
ASETENAPA | 51.31 | 27.27 | 24.73 | 24.63 | 98.85 | 7.25 | 6.92 | S |
WC 66 | 89.23 | 26.36 | 16.08 | 23.91 | 99.97 | 7.62 | 6.94 | S |
IT 889 | 78.24 | 28.04 | 20.70 | 20.19 | 99.97 | 7.18 | 6.99 | S |
NE 4 | 63.22 | 28.87 | 41.40 | 24.87 | 99.95 | 7.47 | 7.08 | S |
GM | 69.43 | 30.40 | 7.47 | 69.68 | 96.96 | 5.54 | 5.54 | |
CV (%) | 24.50 | 10.75 | 132.13 | 30.16 | 9.27 | 18.32 | 16.42 | |
LSD (P = 0.05) | 41.81 | 7.83 | 37.54 | 50.44 | 10.95 | 1.87 | 0.82 |
R = resistant; I= intermediate and S = susceptible; First trial n = 90: second trial n = 86: IS = Index of Susceptibility; NB: Four genotypes failed to germinate in the second trial and were therefore excluded from the overall analysis.