A series of new norspermidine derivatives, both nonionic and cationic, have been obtained. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been estab-lished by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. Physicochemical and anti-microbial properties have been discussed.
The chemistry of poly alkylamines is of particular interest due to its physiological significance and a wide biochemical, medical and technical applications. The history of the polyamines began in 1678 with the discovery by Leeuwenhoek of the crystallization of spermine from human semen [
However, it must be also noted that norspermidine can promote biofilm formation in case of Vibrio cholerae [
Lipophilic norspermidine derivatives as antibacterial agents also offer hope as potential solution to the problem of bacterial resistance as the membrane-active nature imparts low propensity for the development of resistance [
Norspermidine and its Pd(II) and Pt(II) polynuclear complexes play also an important role as strong potential antineoplastic agents against breast cancer which is a complex disease that affect statistically one in ten women. The Pd(II) complex was shown to have strong antiproliterative effects, much stronger then that with the Pt(II) complex. Moreover, this complex is characterized as low toxic [
The very high potential of norspermidine derivatives as biofilm inhibitors, anticancer and antimicrobial agents promote us to synthesize new nonionic and cationic alkyl and phthalimide derivatives of norspermidine to study their biological effectiveness to destroy the planctonic forms of bacteria as well as bacteria biofilms.
In this work we report the results of synthetic and spectroscopic (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, MS) study of novel norspermidine derivatives, i.e. N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines and their hydrochlorides, N,N-bis- (phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides and N,N-bis-(3-aminopro- pyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides.
The NMR spectra were measured with a Varian Gemini 300VT spectrometer, operating at 300.07 and 75.4614 MHz for 1H and 13C, respectively. Typical conditions for the proton spectra were: pulse width 32˚, acquisition time 5s, FT size 32 K and digital resolution 0.3 Hz per point, and for the carbon spectra pulse width 60˚, FT size 60 K and digital resolution 0.6 Hz per point, the number of scans varied from 1200 to 10,000 per spectrum. The 13C and 1H chemical shifts were measured in CDCl3 and in D2O relative to an internal standard of TMS. All proton and carbon-13 resonances were assigned by 1H (COSY) and 13C (HETCOR). All 2D NMR spectra were recorded at 298 K on a Bruker Avance DRX 600 spectrometer operating at the frequencies 600.315 MHz (1H) and 150.963 MHz (13C), and equipped with a 5 mm triple-resonance inverse probehead [1H/31P/BB] with a self-shielded z gradient coil (90˚1H pulse width 9.0 μs and 13C pulse width 13.3 μs). Infrared spectra were recorded in the KBr pellets using a FT-IR Bruker IFS 66 spectrometer (Karlsruhe, Germany). The EI (electron spray ionization) mass spectra were recorded on a Waters/Micromass (Manchester, UK) ZQ mass spectrometer equipped with a Harvard Apparatus syringe pump. The sample solutions were prepared in methanol at the concentration of approximately 10−5 M. The standard EI-MS mass spectra were recorded at the cone voltage 30 V.
N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (A). A solution of N,N-bis-(3-aminopro- pyl)amine (20 mL, 0.14 mol) and phthalic anhydride (46 g, 0.31 mol) in 250 mL of acetic acid was refluxed for 1 hour with stirring and evaporated in vacuo [
N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamine (B1-B11) To 0.02 mole (7.83 g) of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (A) dissolved in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added 0.025 mol of alkyl bromide respectively [C2H5Br (2.72 g), C3H7Br (3.07 g), C4H9Br (3.43 g), C5H11Br (3.78 g), C6H13Br (4.13 g), C8H17Br (4.83 g), C10H21Br (5.53 g), C12H25Br (6.23 g) C14H29Br (6.93 g), C16H33Br (7.63 g), C18H37Br (8.33 g)] and 0.02 mol (11.40 g) anhydrous sodium carbonate. The mixture was heated at reflux for 18 - 36 hours, depending on the alkyl chain length of the substrate used, preventing the reaction mixture from moisture. After filtering off the sodium carbonate and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to dryness, the products was crystallized from anhydrous ethanol: B1: R = C2H5-, yield 88%; m.p. 122˚C - 124˚C, elemental analysis: C 68.58%, H 5.92%, N 10.17% (calcd. C 68.72%, H 6.01%, N 10.02%); B2: R = C3H7-, yield 90%; m.p. 109˚C - 111˚C, elemental analysis: C 69.20%, H 6.31%, N 9.71% (calcd. C 69.27%, H 6.28%, N 9.69%); B3: R = C4H9-, yield 73%; m.p. 106˚C - 108˚C, elemental analysis: C 69.67%, H 6.42%, N 9.44% (calcd. C 69.78%, H 6.53%, N 9.39%); B4: R = C5H11-, yield 78%; m.p. 100-102˚C, elemental analysis: C 70.12%, H 6.70%, N 9.02% (calcd. C 70.26%, H 6.77%, N 9.10%); B5: R = C6H13-, yield 72%; m.p. 95˚C - 98˚C, elemental analysis: C 70.58%, H 7.23%, N 8.73% (calcd. C 70.71%, H 6.99 %, N 8.84%); B6: R = C8H17-, yield 70%; m.p. 89˚C - 91˚C, elemental analysis: C 71.43%, H 7.52%, N 8.29% (calcd. C 71.54%, H 7.40%, N 8.34%); B7: R = C10H21-, yield 71%; m.p. 76˚C - 78˚C, elemental analysis: C 72.39%, H 7.63%, N 7.99% (calcd. C 72.29%, H 7.77%, N 7.90%); B8: R = C12H25-, yield 70%; m.p. 68˚C - 69˚C, elemental analysis: C 73.12%, H 8.10%, N 7.55% (calcd. C 72.96%, H 8.10%, N 7.51%); B9: R = C14H29-, yield 78%; m.p. 59˚C - 60˚C, elemental analysis: C 73.41%, H 8.98%, N 7.25% (calcd. C 73.56%, H 8.40%, N 7.15%); B10: R = C16H33-, yield 70%; m.p. 56˚C - 57˚C, elemental analysis: C 74.17%, H 8.37%, N 6.89% (calcd. C 74.11%, H 8.67%, N 6.82%); B11: R = C18H37-, yield 73%; m.p. 52˚C - 53˚C, elemental analysis: C 74.77%, H 9.17%, N 6.25% (calcd. C 74.61%, H 8.92%, N 6.53%).
N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (B12) To 0.02 mole (7.83 g) of N,N- bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (A) dissolved in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added 0.025 mole (6.70 g) phthalimide bromide and 0.02 mol (11.40 g) of anhydrous sodium carbonate. The mixture was heated under reflux for 18 hours, protecting the reaction mixture from moisture. After filtering off the sodium carbonate and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to dryness, the resulting N,N,N- tris-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (B12) was crystallized from absolute ethanol: yield 90%, mp 138˚C - 140˚C, elemental analysis: C 68.43%, H 5.36%, N 9.67% (calcd. C 68.50%, H 5.23%, N 9.68%).
N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine hydrochloride (C) To 0.025 mol (10.70 g) of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (A) dissolved in 30 mL of methanol was added 0.025 mole (2.53 g) of concentrated HCl dissolved in 15 mL of methanol. The solution was stirred for 20 minutes at 20˚C, and then evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The resulting hydrochloride salt of N,N-bis- (phthalimidopropyl)amine (C) was crystallized from absolute ethanol: yield 98%, m.p. 183˚C - 185˚C, elemental analysis: C 61.59%, H 5.38%, N 9.50% (calcd. C 91.75%, H 5.18%, N 9.82%).
N,N-bis-(phthalimidopyl)-N-alkylamines hydrochlorides (D1-D11) Corresponding to 0.025 moles of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamine (B1- B11) [alkyl = C2H5- (10.49 g), C3H7- (10.84 g), C4H9- (11.19 g), C5H11- (11.54 g), C6H13- (11.89 g), C8H17- (12.59 g), C10H21- (13.29 g), C12H25- (13.99 g), C14H29- (14.70 g), C16H33- (15.40 g), C18H37- (16.10 g)] dissolved in 30 mL of methanol was added 0.025 mole (2.53 g) of concentrated HCl dissolved in 15 mL of methanol. The solution was stirred for 20 minutes at 20˚C, and then evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The resulting product was crystallized from absolute ethanol. D1: R = C2H5-, yield 80%; m.p. 148˚C - 149˚C, elemental analysis: C 63.37%, H 5.88%, N 9.07% (calcd. C 63.22%, H 5.75%, N 9.22%); D2: R = C3H7-, yield 83%; m.p. 140˚C - 142˚C, elemental analysis: C 63.84%, H 6.08%, N 8.93% (calcd. C 63.89%, H 6.01%, N 8.94%);D3: R = C4H9-, yield 77%; m.p. 124˚C - 126˚C, elemental analysis: C 64.20%, H 5.97%, N 8.48% (calcd. C 64.52%, H 6.25%, N 8.68%); D4: R = C5H11-, yield 71%; m.p. 120˚C - 121˚C, elemental analysis: C 65.22%, H 6.25%, N 8.38% (calcd. C 65.12%, H 6.48%, N 8.44%); D5: R = C6H13-, yield 74%; m.p. 117˚C - 119˚C, elemental analysis: C 65.52%, H 6.60%, N 8.13% (calcd. C 65.68%, H 6.69%, N 8.21%); D6: R = C8H17-, yield 78%; m.p. 107˚C - 109˚C, elemental analysis: C 66.59%, H 7.21%, N 7.68% (calcd. C 66.71%, H 7.09%, N 7.78%); D7: R = C10H21-, yield 68%; m.p. 98-100˚C, elemental analysis: C 66.59%, H 7.21%, N 7.68% (calcd. C 67.65%, H 7.45%, N 7.40%); D8: R = C12H25-, yield 66%; m.p. 86˚C - 88˚C, elemental analysis: C 68.42%, H 7.63%, N 7.18% (calcd. C 68.49%, H 7.78%, N 7.05%); D9: R = C14H29-, yield 65%; m.p. 78˚C - 80˚C, elemental analysis: C 69.47%, H 7.92%, N 6.56% (calcd. C 69.26%, H 8.07%, N 6.73%); D10: R = C16H33-, yield 72%; m.p. 73˚C - 75˚C, elemental analysis: C 69.73%, H 8.28%, N 6.23% (calcd. C 69.97%, H 8.34%, N 6.44%); D11: R = C18H37-, yield 61%; m.p. 69˚C - 70˚C, elemental analysis: C 70.42%, H 8.43%, N 5.96% (calcd. C 70.61%, H 8.59%, N 6.18%).
N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)amine hydrochloride (D12) To 0.025 mol (14.48 g) of N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (B12) are dissolved in 30 mL of methanol was added 0.025 mole (2.53 g) of concentrated HCl dissolved in 15 mL of methanol. The solution was stirred for 5 minutes at 20˚C, and then evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The resulting hydrochloride salt of N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (D12) was crystallized from absolute ethanol: yield 94%, m.p. 228˚C - 230˚C, elemental analysis: C 64.52%, H 5.13%, N 9.02% (calcd. C 64.44%, H 5.08%, N 9.11%).
N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-alkylamine (E1-E6) Corresponding to 0.025 moles of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (B2, B3, B6, B8, B10, B11) [alkyl = C3H7- (10.84 g), C4H9- (11.19 g), C8H17- (12.59 g), C12H25- (13.99 g), C16H33- (15.40 g), C18H37- (16.10 g)] dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added 0.1 mol (4.91 g) and hydrazine monohydrate was stirred at 20˚C for 24 hours. The white, gelatinous precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was added to 30 mL of 2 M HCl. After filtration of the precipitate, the solution was basified with 2-molar NaOH, and then extracted with methylene chloride (2 × 100 mL). The collected organic layer was dried with anhydrous potassium carbonate. After filtering off the drying agent, the solution was evaporated and the liquid residue was distilled under reduced pressure (0.05 mmHg) to collect the fraction corresponding N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-alkylamine (E1-E6). E1: R = C3H7-, yield 65%; b.p. 45˚C - 46˚C; E2: R = C4H9-, yield 54%; b.p. 54˚C - 55˚C; E3: R = C8H17-, yield 56%; b.p. 81˚C - 82˚C; E4: R = C12H25-, yield 55%; b.p. 110˚C - 111˚C; E5: R = C16H33-, yield 55%; b.p. 128˚C - 130˚C; E6: R = C18H37-, yield 48%; b.p. 135˚C - 136˚C.
N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkiloammonium iodides (F1-F17) Re- actions obtaining of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkiloammonium iodides (F1-F17) was performed by two methods, depending on the alkyl chain length substrates used.
Method I. Synthesis method carried out in a solvent. To 0.1 mole of N,N-bis- (phthalimidopropylo)-N-alkylamine (B2, B3, B5, B6) [alkyl- = C3H7-(43.35 g), C4H9-(44.75 g), C6H13- (47.56 g), C8H17-(50.36 g)], dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added 0.12 mole of the appropriate alkyl iodide [C2H5I (18.72 g), C3H7I (20.40 g), C4H9I (22.08 g), C6H13I (25.45 g), C8H17I (28.82 g), C10H21I (32.18 g)]. The mixture was heated under reflux for 2 - 80 hours, depending on the alkyl chain length substrates used, preventing the reaction mixture from moisture. The resulting product was filtered off, and then to remove residual reactants, washed with toluene at a temperature of 70˚C - 80˚C. Solid product is crystallized from a mixture of anhydrous ethanol-methanol (1:2): F1: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C2H5-, yield 85%; m.p. 217˚C - 219˚C, elemental analysis: C 54.86%, H 5.41%, N 6.97% (calcd. C 55.01%, H 5.47%, N 7.13%); F2: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C3H7-, yield 84%; m.p. 188˚C - 189˚C, elemental analysis: C 55.87%, H 5.73%, N 6.82% (calcd. C 55.73%, H 5.68%, N 6.96%); F3: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C4H9-, yield 86%; m.p. 193˚C - 195˚C, elemental analysis: C 56.52%, H 5.81%, N 6.72% (calcd. C 56.40%, H 5.88%, N 6.80%); F4: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C6H13-, yield 72%; m.p. 141˚C - 142˚C, elemental analysis: C 56.52%, H 6.20%, N 6.63% (calcd. C 57.67%, H 6.25%, N 6.51%); F5: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C8H17-, yield 72%; m.p. 120˚C - 122˚C, elemental analysis: C 58.79%, H 6.51%, N 6.29% (calcd. C 58.84%, H 6.58%, N 6.24%); F6: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C10H21-, yield 69%; m.p. 108˚C - 111˚C, elemental analysis: C 59.85%, H 6.85%, N 5.88% (calcd. C 59.91%, H 6.90%, N 5.99%); F10: R = C4H9-, R’’ = C4H9-, yield 76%; m.p. 171˚C - 172˚C, elemental analysis: C 57.01%, H 6.09%, N 6.67% (calcd. C 57.05%, H 6.06%, N 6.65%); F11: R = C6H13-, R’’ = C6H13-, yield 69%; m.p. 162˚C - 164˚C, elemental analysis: C 59.28%, H 6.85%, N 6.17% (calcd. C 59.39%, H 6.74%, N 6.11%); F12: R = C8H17-, R’’ = C8H17-, yield 62%; m.p. 98˚C - 99˚C, elemental analysis: C 61.31%, H 7.25%, N 5.72% (calcd. C 61.36%, H 7.32%, N 5.65%).
Method II. Synthesis carried out without solvent. To 0.1 moles of molten N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamine (B7, B8, B10, B11) [alkyl = C10H21- (53.17 g), C12H25- (55.97 g), C16H33- (61.59 g), C18H37- (64.39 g)] was added 0.12 mole of the appropriate alkyl iodide [C3H7I (20.40 g), C8H17I (28.82 g), C10H21I (32.18 g), C12H25I (35.55 g), C18H37I (45.65 g)]. The mixture is heated at a temperature not exceeding 65˚C for 62 - 200 hours, depending on the alkyl chain length substrates used, preventing the reaction mixture from moisture. The resulting solid product was filtered off and then washed with toluene at a temperature of 60˚C - 65˚C, to remove residual unreacted starting materials. The products obtained were crystallized from a mixture of anhydrous ethanol-acetone (1:2): F7: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C12H25-, yield 63%; m.p. 91˚C - 93˚C, elemental analysis: C 60.77%, H 7.30%, N 5.73% (calcd. C 60.90%, H 7.18%, N 5.76%); F8: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C16H33-, yield 65%; m.p. 79˚C - 81˚C, elementalanalysis: C 62.58%, H 7.63%, N 5.41% (calcd. C 62.66%, H 7.70%, N 5.35%); F9: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C18H37-, yield 66%; m.p. 65˚C - 66˚C, elemental analysis: C 63.40%, H 7.88%, N 5.23% (calcd. C 63.46%, H 7.93%, N 5.16%); F13: R = C10H21-, R’’ = C10H21-, yield 59%; m.p. 74˚C - 76˚C, elemental analysis: C 63.07%, H 7.77%, N 5.29% (calcd. C 63.07%, H 7.81%, N 5.25%); F14: R = C12H25-, R’’ = C12H25-, yield 64%; m.p. 68˚C - 69˚C, elemental analysis: C 64.21%, H 8.38%, N 4.83% (calcd. C 64.55%, H 8.24%, N 4.91%); F15: R = C18H37-, R’’ = C18H37-, yield 52%; m.p. 51˚C - 53˚C, elemental analysis: C 68.09%, H 9.19%, N 4.16% (calcd. C 68.01%, H 9.25%, N 4.10%); F16: R = C8H17-, R’’ = C12H25-, yield 62%; m.p. 69˚C - 70˚C, elemental analysis: C 63.20%, H 8.02%, N 5.18% (calcd. C 63.07%, H 7.81%, N 5.25%); F17: R = C12H25-, R’’ = C18H37-, yield 55%; m.p. 70˚C - 72˚C, elemental analysis: C 66.14%, H 8.91%, N 4.44% (calcd. C 66.43%, H 8.79%, N 4.47%).
N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylammonium iodides (F18-F19) To 0.025 mol (14.48 g) molten N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (B12) was added 0.035 mole of the appropriate alkyl iodide [C3H7I (5.95 g), C12H25I (10.37 g)]. The mixture was heated at 60˚C, respectively for 100 or 180 hours depending on the length of the alkyl chain of the substrate used, preventing the reaction mixture from moisture. Collected N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylam- monium iodides (F18-F19) was crystallized from absolute ethanol: F18: R = C11H10NO2-, R’’ = C3H7-, yield 66%; m.p. 111˚C - 113˚C, elemental analysis: C 57.64%, H 5.11%, N 7.53% (calcd. C 57.76%, H 4.98%, N 7.48%); F19: R = C18H37-, R’’ = C3H7-, yield 45%; m.p. 75˚C - 78˚C, elemental analysis: C 61.63%, H 6.51%, N 6.44% (calcd. C 61.78%, H 6.34%, N 6.40%).
N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G1-G17) Corresponding to 0.025 moles of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammo- nium iodides (F1-F17) dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added 0.1 mol (5.01 g) and hydrazine monohydrate was stirred at 20˚C for 24 - 60 hours, depending on the alkyl chain length substrates used. The white, gelatinous precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was added to 30 mL of 2 M HCl to remove all of the phthalic hydrazide derivatives solution. After filtration of the precipitate, the solution was basified by means of 2 M NaOH, and then extracted with methylene chloride (2 × 100 mL). The collected organic layer was dried with anhydrous potassium carbonate. After filtering off the drying agent, the solution was evaporated to dryness. The resulting solid was recrystallized from anhydrous ethanol: G1: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C2H5-, yield 83%; m.p. 172˚C - 173˚C, elemental analysis: C 40.29%, H 8.62%, N 12.66 % (calcd. C40.13%, H 8.57%, N 12.76%); G2: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C3H7-, yield 80%; m.p. 162˚C - 163˚C, elemental analysis: C 41.75%, H 8.99%, N 12.13% (calcd. C 41.98%, H 8.81%, N 12.24%); G3: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C4H9-, yield 47%; m.p. 142˚C - 144˚C, elemental analysis: C 43.55%, H 8.95%, N 11.70% (calcd. C 43.70%, H 9.03%, N 11.76%); G4: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C6H13-, yield 77%; m.p. 115˚C - 117˚C, elemental analysis: C 46.98%, H 9.66%, N 10.72% (calcd. C 46.75%, H 9.42%, N 10.90%); G5: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C8H17-, yield 62%; m.p. 99˚C - 101˚C, elemental analysis: C 49.71%, H 9.88%, N 10.05% (calcd. C 49.39%, H 9.75%, N 10.16%); G6: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C10H21-, yield 65%; m.p. 82˚C - 84˚C, elemental analysis: C 51.52%, H 10.22%, N 9.44% (calcd. C 51.69%, H 10.05%, N 9.52%); G7: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C12H25-, yield 61%; m.p. 75˚C - 77˚C, elemental analysis: C 53.88%, H 10.41%, N 8.86% (calcd. C 53.72%, H 10.30%, N 8.95%); G8: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C16H33-, yield 57%; m.p. 66˚C - 68˚C, elemental analysis: C 57.01%, H 10.91%, N 7.805.41% (calcd. C 57.12%, H 10.74%, N 7.99%); G9: R = C3H7-, R’’ = C18H37-, yield 54%; m.p. 50˚C - 52˚C, elemental analysis: C 58.33%, H 11.09%, N 7.30% (calcd. C 58.57%, H 10.92%, N 7.59%); G10: R = C4H9-, R’’ = C4H9-, yield 72%; m.p. 158˚C - 160˚C, elemental analysis: C 45.59%, H 9.47%, N 11.09% (calcd. C 45.28%, H 9.23%, N 11.32%); G11: R = C6H13-, R’’ = C6H13-, yield 75%; m.p. 109˚C - 110˚C, elemental analysis: C 50.70%, H 9.97%, N 9.69% (calcd. C 50.58%, H 9.90%, N 9.83%); G12: R = C8H17-, R’’ = C8H17-, yield 68%; m.p. 55˚C - 56˚C, elemental analysis: C 54.75%, H 10.53%, N 8.60% (calcd. C 54.64%, H 10.42%, N 8.69%); G13: R = C10H21-, R’’ = C10H21-, yield 61%; m.p. 67˚C - 69˚C, elemental analysis: C 57.91%, H 10.91%, N 7.68% (calcd. C 57.87%, H 10.83%, N 7.79%); G14: R = C12H25-, R’’ = C12H25-, yield 61%; m.p. 50˚C - 52˚C, elemental analysis: C 60.61%, H 11.38%, N 7.11% (calcd. C 60.48%, H 11.17%, N 7.05%); G15: R = C18H37-, R’’ = C18H37-, yield 53%; m.p. 55˚C - 57˚C, elemental analysis: C 66.15%, H 11.99%, N 5.39% (calcd. C 66.02%, H 11.87%, N 5.50%); G16: R = C8H17-, R’’ = C12H25-, yield 67%; m.p. 63˚C - 65˚C, elemental analysis: C 57.94%, H 10.71%, N 7.72% (calcd. C 57.87%, H 10.83%, N 7.79%); G17: R = C12H25-, R’’ = C18H37-, yield 52%; m.p. 56˚C - 57˚C, elemental analysis: C 63.67%, H 11.62%, N 6.11% (calcd. C 63.59%, H 11.56%, N 6.18%).
Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against two species of bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and two species of fungi: Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16401. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured by a tube standard 2-fold dilution method, i.e. the volume of the original solution is always doubled, as in going from 1 to 2. Bacteria were preincubated on Tripticase Soy Broth (TSB) slant for 1 day at 37˚C and fungi were preincubated on Malt Extract Broth (MEB); A.niger for 5 days at 28˚C, C. albicans for 1 day at 37˚C. Conidia suspensions were prepared by adding sterile water containing 0.1% (w/w) Tween 80 to the slant. The bacteria and yeasts cell suspension were prepared by similar procedure but without Tween 80. One mL of inoculum (density 106 cells mL−1) was mixed with 1 mL of media containing the tested compounds and incubated for 24 h at 30˚C for fungi, and 37˚C for bacteria. The MIC’s were defined as the lowest concentrations of the compounds at which there was no visible growth.
The synthetic routes providing to norspermidine derivatives (A-G) are presented on Scheme 1. The reactions were carried out in polar, protic solvents. The reaction time depends on the length of the alkyl chain; the longer chain the longer reaction time. To get the highest yields reaction time and temperature were optimized. The synthetic procedures to obtain new norspermidine derivatives are similar to some extent to those given in the literaure [
N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (A) was prepared by refluxing commercially available N,N-bis-(-3-aminopropyl)amine and phthalic anhydride in acetic acid [
Scheme 1. Synthesis of norspermidine derivatives.
methanol. To prepare N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (F) the reactions of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (B) with an appropriate alkyl iodides were exploited using two methods. In Method I methanol as a solvent was used whereas no solvent was used in Method II. Yields of reactions were high, regardless of the synthetic method. However, the reaction time strongly depends on the length of alkyl iodide used. The longer hydrocarbon chain the longer reaction time. N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-alky- lamines (E) and N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G) were obtained in reactions of corresponding N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N- alkylamines (B) and N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium io- dides (F) with hydrazine monohydrate at 20˚C for 24 - 60 hours depending on the alkyl chain length.
Three representative molecular models of N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-do- decylamine (E4),N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-didodecylammonium iodide (G14) and N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-didodecylammonium iodide(F14) were performed by PM5 semiempirical calculations using the WinMopac 2003 program (Chart 1). The final heat of formation (HOF), distances of N-CH2 and N∙∙∙Br, bond angle of N-CH2-CH2 as well as dihedral angle of N-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH2 are presented in
All phthalimide derivatives of norspermidine (A,B,C,D,F) as well as dialkyl derivatives (G) are solids. Melting points of these compounds strongly depend on the alkyl chain length. The longer alkyl chain the lower melting point. This is due to the higher degree of freedom of longer alkyl chains what reduces the
Chart 1. Molecular models of N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylamine (E4) (a), N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-didodecylammonium iodide (F14) (b) and N,N-bis- (3-aminopropyl)-N,N-didodecylammonium iodides (G14) (c).
Compounds | HOF [kcal/mol] | Distance [Å] of N-CH2 | Distance [Å] of N∙∙∙Br | Bond Angle [˚] of N-CH2-CH2 | Dihedral angle [˚] of N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E4 | ?72.9500 | 1.491 | ? | 109.692 109.655 109.808 | ?176.477 ?175.288 ?174.425 |
F14 | ?199.0620 | 1.536 | 3.980 | 114.606 113.845 114.640 113.691 | ?174.870 ?174.879 173.874 178.628 |
G14 | ?111.6305 | 1.536 | 3.986 | 114.283 114.033 114.733 114.034 | ?168.997 ?158.903 176.179 176.925 |
crystallinity of the compounds. For example the melting points spam between ethyl and octadecyl derivatives of N,N-bis-(phthtalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (B) is over 70˚C. N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-N-alkylamines (E) are oils with high boiling points which raises as the length of the alkyl substituent increases.
The most characteristic feature in the FTIR spectra of phthalimide derivatives of norspermidine (A,B,C,D and F) in the solid state are carbonyl bands in the region of 1698 - 1774 cm−1 (Tables S1-S4 in the Supplementary material) (Chart 2). In all cases, i.e. for N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)amine (A), N,N-bis-(phtha- limi-dopropyl)-N-alkyl-amines (B1-B11), N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl) amine (B12), N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)ammonium hydrochloride (C), N,N-bis (phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylammonium hydrochlorides (D1-D11), N,N,N-tris- (phthalimidopropyl)ammonium hydrochloride (D12), N,N-bis-(phthalimido- propyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (F1-F17) and N,N,N-tris(phthalimi- dopropyl)-N-alkylammonium iodides (F18-F19) asymmetric stretching vibrations of the carbonyl group in the region of 1764 - 1774 cm−1 and a broad and intense band of symmetric stretching vibrations in the region of 1698-1718 cm−1 are observed (Tables S1-S4 in the Supplementary material (Chart 2).
The intensity of asymmetric stretching vibrations of the carbonyl group in the observed spectra is significantly lower in comparison to the intensity of symmetric stretching vibrations. It is usually due to the symmetry of molecule. Moreover, in the most cases of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (B) both asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration bands are split what indicates the nonequivalence of carbonyl groups in the phthalimide moiety (
Chart 2. FTIR spectra of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropylamino)-N-hexylamine (B5) (black) and N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropylamino)-N-hexylammonium hydrochloride (D5) (red).
of carbonyl bands in FTIR spectra. The asymmetric and symmetric stretrching vibrations of carbonyl groups are also observed in Raman spectra. However, the intensities of these bands are reversed in a comparison to FTIR spectra. The intensities of asymmetric vibrations of carbonyl bands are very strong, whereas the intensity of symmetric vibrations are weak [
Protonation of N,N-bis-(phthtalimidopropyl)amine (A) brings two broad and intense bands of NH groups. One of the bands of NH groups appears at 3650 - 3260 cm−1 with a maximum absorption at 3463 cm−1. The second band is present in the region of 2870 - 2595 cm−1 with a maximum absorption at 2789 cm−1 and corresponds to the N-H∙∙∙Cl hydrogen bond. For hydrochlorides of N,N-bis- (phthtalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (D) the broad and intense bands of the NH∙∙∙Cl are observed in the region of 2459 - 2338 cm−1 (
The most characteristic feature in FTIR spectra of N-alkyl derivatives of norspermidine, both neutral (series E) and cationic (series G), are asymmetric and symmetric vibration bands of NH2 group. The asymmetric vibrations νas(N-H) appear around 3363 cm−1 for N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-alkylamines (E1-E6) as well as N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkiloammonium iodides (G1-G17) (
The proton chemical shift assignments (Tables S5-S9 in the Supplementary material) are based on the 2D COSY experiments, in which the proton-proton connectivity is observed through the off-diagonal peaks in the contour plot.
The use of 2D NMR techniques is of great importance to determine the position of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule. These methods are extensively described in literature [
In the 1H NMR spectra of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (B1- B12) multipletsin the region of δ = 7.70 - 7.83 ppm were observed which belong to protons of aryl groups (
Chart 3. 1H,13C HETCOR spectrum of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropylamino)-N-dode- cylamine (B8).
methylene group attached to tertiary nitrogen atom (CH2-N) exhibit a triplet at 2.38 ppm. A complex signal of methylene groups of alkyl substituent lie between 1.25 - 1.40 ppm. The change of the length of the alkyl chain practically does not influence the chemical shifts of methylene spacer protons.
The proton chemical shifts of hydrochlorides of N,N-bis-(phthalimidoprop- yl)-N-alkylamines (D1-D12) are given in
Aromatic protons of phthalimide moiety of N,N-bis-(phthalimidoprop-yl)- N-alkylamines (B), hydrochlorides of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkyla- mines (D) and N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (F) give a multiplet of AA’XX’ type in 1H NMR (Chart 6).
The shape and chemical shift of this multiplet strongly depends on temperature. Barret et al. [
Chart 4. HETCOR 2D NMR spectrum of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-dodecyl- N-octadecylammonium iodide (F17) (aliphatic range).
Chart 5. 2D COSY NMR spectrum of N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-dodecyl-N-octa- decylammonium iodide (F17).
Chart 6. 1H NMR (CDCl3) spectra in the aromatic range for (a) N,N,N-tris (phthali- midopropyl) amine (B12) and (b) N,N,N-tris-(phthalimidopropyl)-ammonium hydrochloride (D12).
of dublet. Authors explained a such behavior of protons by dynamic interactions of phthalimide ring caused by n-π interactions of tertiary nitrogen atom with phthalimide ring as well by π-π interactions of phthalimide moieties. However our study of analogous naphthalimide derivatives showed that this effect is exclusively caused by changing geometry of carbonyl group caused by a rising temperature and no n-π and π-π interactions take place [
The proton chemical shift assignments of N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-alky- lamines (E) and N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G) are based on the 2D COSY experiments (Chart 7). The 1H NMR chemical shifts are given in
13C NMR spectra of phthalimide derivatives of norspermidine, i.e. N,N-bis- (phthalimidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (B), hydrochlorides of N,N-bis-(phthal- imidopropyl)-N-alkylamines (D) and N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylam- monium iodides (G) exhibit three groups of signals. The first one are peaks of carbons of carbonyl groups at 168.5 ppm, the second one are signals of aromatic carbon atoms at around 132, 134 and 123 ppm and the third one are peaks of aliphatic carbon atoms at the range from 11 to 60 ppm (
Chart 7. COSY spectrum of N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecyl-N-propylammo- nium iodide (G7).
The chemical shifts of carbonyl and aromatic carbons are nearly insensitive on protonation or quaternization of tertiary nitrogen atom in molecule. They are also do not reflect the changes of the lengths of alkyl substituent (
Quaternization of nitrogen atom introduce a positive charge to molecule. As a result of this the higher values of chemical shifts of carbon atoms attached to positively charged nitrogen atoms are observed. In a series of asymmetric N,N-bis- (3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G) and N,N-bis-(phthalimi- dopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (F) the average chemical shift of this atom is 57.2 ppm. It means that quaternization increases the chemical shifts of carbon atom attached to central nitrogen atom (CH2-N) about 5.4 and 5.8 ppm for asymmetric N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G) and N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (F), respectively. However for symmetric N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammo- nium iodides (G10-G15) the average value of chemical shift is 52.0 ppm, i.e. the similar value of chemical shifts for free base. The differences between chemical shifts of CH2-N carbon in symmetric and asymmetric N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)- N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G) indicates that not only electron effects have a contribution to deshielding of carbon atoms but also structural and anisotropic factors are important.
A study of norspermidine derivatives by the electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry method has been stimulated by its suitability for distinction of positional isomers-peripheral or central nitrogen atoms. The main characteristics of the EI MS ionization of the norspermidine derivatives is the dependence of the fragmentation pathways on the stability of the formed ions. The EI mass spectrometry fragmentation pathways of these compounds is analytically useful. The formed in a reproducible way fragment ions are specific fingerprint of norspermidine derivatives [
Elimination from molecular ion C2H5 or C16H21N2O2· radicals lead to even electron (EE+) ions b and g, respectively. The simple cleavage of Nsp2?Csp3 bond from molecular ion of N,N-bis-(phtalimidopropyl)-N-propylamine gave fragmentary ion c situated at m/z 272. Subsequently elimination of C2H3· lead to EE+ ion d situated at m/z 214 (100% relative intensity). Even electron ion e is formed
Chart 8. EI-MS spectrum for N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N-propylamine (B2).
by elimination radicals C19H7NO2· or C2H4· and rearrangement of proton from ions b and d, respectively. The inductive cleavage of Csp3?Nsp3 bond and rearrangement of proton from EE+ ion e give ion f (86%).
The relative intensities of fragmented ions of N,N-bis-(phtalimidopropyl)- -N,N-didodecylammonium iodide were very low with the exception of three ions situated at m/z 728 (100%), 188 (38%) and 160 (24%) (Chart 9). The ions situated at m/z 188 and m/z 160 have the structures of ions f and g from Scheme 2. The ion with m/z at 728 was very intense because of presence of a quaternary nitrogen atom in the molecule.
Some of norspermidine derivatives, especially those containing quaternary nitrogen atoms and long alkyl chain can act as microbiocides, i.e. compounds which can reduce the microbial population to safe level. To microbiocides belong phenols and their derivatives, organic and inorganic halogen compounds, oxidizing substances, quaternary ammonium compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and organic and inorganic acids [
In our preliminary studies we found that polyamines, such as N,N-bis-(3- aminopropyl)-N-dodecylamine, exhibit a very good biocidal activity [
Chart 9. EI-MS spectrum for N,N-bis-(phthalimidopropyl)-N,N-didodecylammonium iodide (F14).
Scheme 2. Pathways of the EI mass fragmentation of N,N-bis-(phtalimidopropyl)- N-propylamine.
been also shown that this compound reduces population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia hirae above 99.99% at 0.05% during 5 min. [
Norspermidine dialkyl derivatives, i.e. N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialky- lammonium iodides (G) are combination of N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-alky- lamines (F) and alkyl aliphatic chain to give quaternary ammonium salts which can possess a significant biocidal activity and inhibit a raising resistance of microorganism to microbiocides permanently used. The microbial activity of three N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides (G), i.e. N,N-bis-(3- aminopropyl)-N-butyl-N-propylammonium iodide (G3), N,N-bis-(3-amino- propyl)-N-dodecyl-N-propylammonium iodide (G7) and the N,N-bis-(3 ami- nopropyl)-N,N-didodecyloammonium iodide (G14) have been tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria?Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as against fungi?Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The above compounds with different alkyl chains have been choosen to check the effect of structure on antimicrobial activity. In this stage minimal inhibitory concentration of quaternary norspermidine derivatives against bacteria and microscopic fungi (yeast and moulds) were measured. The MICs are defined as the lowest concentration of the compounds at which there was no visible growth of microorganisms. MIC values were determined by a tube standard 2-fold dilution method as it has been described previously [
The data in
The lengthening of one alkyl chain to twelve carbon atoms causes an increase of anitibacterial activity several dozens. Similarly the extending of both alkyl chains to twelve methylene groups effectively enhances antifungal activity of norspermidine derivatives. The above results confirm the strong relationship
Compounds symbol | MIC* [μM] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | Escherichia coli | Candida albicans | Aspergillus niger | |
G3 | 32 | 38 | ne | ne |
G7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 16 | 26 |
G14 | ne | ne | 3.2 | 2.6 |
*MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration); ne?not examined.
Microorganisms | C3C12*/C3C4** | C12C12***/C3C12* |
---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | 40 | ne |
Escherichia coli | 35 | ne |
Candida albicans | ne | 10 |
Aspergillus niger | ne | 5 |
*C3C12N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecyl-N-propylammonium iodide (G7). **C3C4N,N-bis-(3-amino-pro- pyl)-N-butyl-N-propylammonium iodide(G3). ***C12C12N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-didodecylammonium iodide (G14), ne?not examined.
between structure of norspermidine quaternary derivatives and antibacterial and antifungal activity. The longer alkyl substituent facilitate permeating the cell wall thus the biocidal activity of dodecyl derivatives is much higher then another ones. The results of antimicrobial activity of norspermidine derivatives are comparable with those given in literature for N,N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride [
A series of new norspermidine derivatives were obtained with good yields. All new compounds were characterized by spectral methods. Detailed assignments of proton and carbon chemical shifts have been made by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The length of alkyl substituent has negligible effect on proton and carbon chemical shifts in 1H and 13C NMR both in neutral and cationic derivatives. Quaternization of central nitrogen atom of norspermidine cause observable chemical shifts both proton and carbons of methylene spacer, especially those directly attached to nitrogen atom. No shift effect is observed at carbonyl carbon of phthalimide moiety. EI mass spectrometry fragmentation pathways of phthalimide derivatives have been discussed to exploit it as an analytical tool. FTIR spectra of hydrochloride derivatives show bands due to the intermolecular hydrogen bond. Position and intensity of these bands reflect electron donor properties of alkyl substituent at central nitrogen atom. Novel norspermidine derivatives, N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dialkylammonium iodides, exhibit a very good antimicrobial activity which strongly depends on the length of alkyl substituent.
Brycki, B., Kowalczyk, I., Werner, J., Pospieszny, T. and Koziróg, A. (2017) Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Novel Norspermidine Derivatives. International Journal of Organic Che- mistry, 7, 106-139. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2017.72010
Symbol | R | nas (C=O) [cm−1] | ns (C=O) [cm−1] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | H- | 1773 | - | 1714 | - |
B1 | C2H5- | 1772 | 1764 | 1714 | - |
B2 | C3H7- | 1771 | 1764 | 1710 | - |
B3 | C4H9- | - | 1765 | 1720 | 1707 |
B4 | C5H11- | - | 1767 | 1718 | 1707 |
B5 | C6H13- | - | 1767 | 1719 | 1707 |
B6 | C8H17- | 1771 | - | - | 1704 |
B7 | C10H21- | 1771 | - | - | 1704 |
B8 | C12H25- | 1773 | 1765 | 1722 | 1706 |
B9 | C14H29- | 1773 | 1766 | 1722 | 1706 |
B10 | C16H33- | 1773 | 1765 | 1723 | 1707 |
B11 | C18H37- | 1773 | 1767 | 1724 | 1707 |
B12 | C11H10NO2-* | 1771 | - | 1711 | - |
*phthalimide substituent.
Symbol | R | nas(C=O) [cm−1] | ns (C=O) [cm−1] | N-H…Clˉ [cm−1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
C | H- | 1768 | 1698 | 2789 |
D1 | C2H5- | 1771 | 1701 | 2420 |
D2 | C3H7- | 1767 | 1700 | 2414 |
D3 | C4H9- | 1767 | 1700 | 2459 |
D4 | C5H11- | 1767 | 1704 | 2383 |
D5 | C6H13- | 1769 | 1704 | 2388 |
D6 | C8H17- | 1770 | 1707 | 2354 |
D7 | C10H21- | 1770 | 1707 | 2355 |
D8 | C12H25- | 1770 | 1707 | 2349 |
D9 | C14H29- | 1774 | 1716 | 2338 |
D10 | C16H33- | 1772 | 1715 | 2454 |
D11 | C18H37- | 1772 | 1705 | 2344 |
D12 | C11H10NO2-* | 1769 | 1702 | 2354 |
*phthalimide substituent.
Symbol | R | νas(N-H) [cm−1] | νs(N-H) [cm−1] | δ(N-H) [cm−1] | δ(N-H) [cm−1] | ν(C-N) [cm−1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | C3H7- | 3362 | 3285 | 1603 | 819 | 1097 |
E2 | C4H9- | 3362 | 3286 | 1598 | 819 | 1092 |
E3 | C8H17- | 3364 | 3288 | 1599 | 818 | 1091 |
E4 | C12H25- | 3363 | 3285 | 1598 | 825 | 1090 |
E5 | C16H33- | 3364 | 3288 | 1597 | 817 | 1091 |
E6 | C18H37- | 3364 | 3289 | 1597 | 818 | 1090 |
Symbol | R | R’ | nas (C=O) [cm−1] | ns (C=O) [cm−1] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | C3H7- | C2H5- | 1772 | 1703 | - |
F3 | C3H7- | C4H9- | 1769 | 1707 | - |
F5 | C3H7- | C8H17- | 1772 | 1707 | - |
F7 | C3H7- | C12H25- | 1772 | 1708 | - |
F10 | C4H9- | C4H9- | 1770 | 1706 | - |
F14 | C12H25- | C12H25- | 1771 | 1709 | - |
F16 | C8H17- | C12H25- | 1769 | 1717 | 1701 |
F17 | C18H37- | C12H25- | 1769 | 1718 | 1701 |
Symbol | R | a | b,c | d | e | f | g | h | i |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | H- | - | - | 1.24** | 2.63 | 1.84 | 3.75 | 7.82 | 7.72 |
B1 | C2H5- | 0.96 | - | 2.47 | 2.49 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B2 | C3H7- | 0.88 | 1.40 | 2.36 | 2.49 | 1.80 | 3.74 | 7.82 | 7.71 |
B3 | C4H9- | 0.88 | 1.31 | 2.38 | 2.48 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.82 | 7.71 |
B4 | C5H11- | 0.88 | 1.25 | 2.38 | 2.49 | 1.81 | 3.74 | 7.81 | 7.72 |
B5 | C6H13- | 0.86 | 1.24 | 2.38 | 2.49 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B6 | C8H17- | 0.87 | 1.24 | 2.37 | 2.48 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.82 | 7.71 |
B7 | C10H21- | 0.87 | 1.24 | 2.38 | 2.49 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B8 | C12H25- | 0.87 | 1.24 | 2.38 | 2.48 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B9 | C14H29- | 0.88 | 1.25 | 2.38 | 2.48 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B10 | C16H33- | 0.88 | 1.25 | 2.39 | 2.49 | 1.81 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B11 | C18H37- | 0.88 | 1.25 | 2.37 | 2.48 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 7.81 | 7.71 |
B12 | C12H11NO2-* | - | - | - | 2.50 | 1.79 | 3.75 | 7.79 | 7.70 |
*phthalimide substituent. **signal from the proton attached to the nitrogen atom of the central.
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H- | - | - | - | - | 3.09 | 2.34 | 3.90 | 7.79 | 7.71 | ||||||||
D1 | C2H5- | 1.38 | - | - | 2.29 | 3.13 | 2.10 | 3.80 | 7.82 | 7.75 | ||||||||
D2 | C3H7- | 0.98 | - | 2.98 | 2.28 | 3.14 | 1.85 | 3.80 | 7.82 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D3 | C4H9- | 0.93 | 1.35 | 3.00 | 2.29 | 3.13 | 1.74 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D4 | C5H11- | 0.92 | 1.27 | 3.02 | 2.29 | 3.12 | 1.75 | 3.80 | 7.82 | 7.75 | ||||||||
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | ||||||||
D5 | C6H13- | 0.86 | 1.27 | 3.00 | 2.29 | 3.12 | 1.75 | 3.80 | 7.84 | 7.75 | ||||||||
D6 | C8H17- | 0.87 | 1.24 | 2.96 | 2.28 | 3.10 | 1.73 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D7 | C10H21- | 0.87 | 1.24 | 2.97 | 2.28 | 3.08 | 1.73 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D8 | C12H25- | 0.87 | 1.24 | 2.96 | 2.26 | 3.08 | 1.73 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D9 | C14H29- | 0.88 | 1.26 | 2.98 | 2.29 | 3.08 | 1.74 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D10 | C16H33- | 0.88 | 1.26 | 2.97 | 2.27 | 3.08 | 1.69 | 3.80 | 7.84 | 7.77 | ||||||||
D11 | C18H37- | 0.88 | 1.26 | 2.96 | 2.28 | 3.07 | 1.72 | 3.80 | 7.83 | 7.76 | ||||||||
D12 | C12H11NO2-* | - | - | - | - | 3.12 | 2.28 | 3.79 | 7.80 | 7.74 | ||||||||
D12 | C12H11NO2-* | - | - | - | - | 3.12 | 2.28 | 3.79 | 7.80 | 7.74 | ||||||||
*phthalimide substituent.
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nspd | H- | - | - | - | 1.15* | 2.66 | 1.62 | 2.75 | 1.15 |
E1 | C3H7- | 0.87 | 1.44 | - | 2.35 | 2.45 | 1.58 | 2.72 | 1.30 |
E2 | C4H9- | 0.88 | 1.41 | 1.28 | 2.36 | 2.45 | 1.59 | 2.72 | 1.26 |
E3 | C8H17- | 0.88 | 1.42 | 1.27 | 2.37 | 2.45 | 1.58 | 2.72 | 1.27 |
E4 | C12H25- | 0.88 | 1.41 | 1.27 | 2.37 | 2.45 | 1.58 | 2.72 | 1.27 |
E5 | C16H33- | 0.88 | 1.42 | 1.26 | 2.38 | 2.45 | 1.59 | 2.72 | 1.26 |
E6 | C18H37- | 0.88 | 1.42 | 1.25 | 2.38 | 2.45 | 1.59 | 2.71 | 1.25 |
*signal from the proton attached to the nitrogen atom of the central.
Symbol | R’ | R” | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | C3H7- | C2H5- | 1.05 | - | 1.79 | 3.35 | 3.64 | 2.25 | 3.86 | 3.35 | - | - | 1.40 | 7.81 | 7.75 |
F2 | C3H7- | C3H7- | 0.87 | - | 1.80 | 3.39 | 3.64 | 2.25 | 3.86 | 3.39 | 1.80 | - | 0.87 | 7.82 | 7.73 |
F3 | C3H7- | C4H9- | 1.04 | - | 1.82 | 3.43 | 3.59 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.41 | 1.69 | 1.44 | 0.93 | 7.80 | 7.72 |
F4 | C3H7- | C6H13- | 1.04 | - | 1.80 | 3.41 | 3.59 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.41 | 1.68 | 1.31 | 0.90 | 7.80 | 7.72 |
F5 | C3H7- | C8H17- | 1.04 | - | 1.82 | 3.41 | 3.59 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.41 | 1.67 | 1.21 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.72 |
Symbol | R’ | R” | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m |
F6 | C3H7- | C10H21- | 1.04 | - | 1.81 | 3.42 | 3.59 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.42 | 1.68 | 1.21 | 0.89 | 7.81 | 7.72 |
F7 | C3H7- | C12H25- | 1.04 | - | 1.81 | 3.42 | 3.60 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.42 | 1.68 | 1.20 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.72 |
F8 | C3H7- | C16H33- | 1.04 | - | 1.82 | 3.42 | 3.59 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.42 | 1.68 | 1.20 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.72 |
F9 | C3H7- | C18H37- | 1.04 | - | 1.82 | 3.42 | 3.59 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.42 | 1.68 | 1.20 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.72 |
F10 | C4H9- | C4H9- | 0.94 | 1.24 | 1.69 | 3.44 | 3.56 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.44 | 1.69 | 1.24 | 0.94 | 7.82 | 7.73 |
F11 | C6H13- | C6H13- | 0.89 | 1.23 | 1.70 | 3.44 | 3.56 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.44 | 1.70 | 1.23 | 0.89 | 7.82 | 7.72 |
F12 | C8H17- | C8H17- | 0.87 | 1.23 | 1.70 | 3.46 | 3.55 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.46 | 1.70 | 1.23 | 0.87 | 7.81 | 7.73 |
F13 | C10H21- | C10H21- | 0.88 | 1.22 | 1.70 | 3.46 | 3.55 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.46 | 1.70 | 1.22 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.74 |
F14 | C12H25- | C12H25- | 0.88 | 1.22 | 1.70 | 3.46 | 3.55 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.46 | 1.70 | 1.22 | 0.88 | 7.80 | 7.74 |
F15 | C18H37- | C18H37- | 0.87 | 1.22 | 1.70 | 3.46 | 3.54 | 2.27 | 3.85 | 3.46 | 1.70 | 1.22 | 0.87 | 7.80 | 7.74 |
F16 | C8H17- | C12H25- | 0.88 | 1.22 | 1.67 | 3.43 | 3.57 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.43 | 1.67 | 1.22 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.73 |
F17 | C12H25- | C18H37- | 0.88 | 1.26 | 1.67 | 3.46 | 3.55 | 2.27 | 3.86 | 3.46 | 1.67 | 1.26 | 0.88 | 7.81 | 7.74 |
F18 | C3H7- | C12H11NO2-* | 0.90 | - | 1.67 | 3.43 | 3.67 | 2.30 | 3.79 | - | - | - | - | 7.82 | 7.77 |
F19 | C12H25- | C12H11NO2-* | 0.90 | 1.18 | 1.67 | 3.44 | 3.67 | 2.31 | 3.79 | - | - | - | - | 7.82 | 7.76 |
*phthalimide substituent.
Symbol | R’ | R” | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | C3H7- | C2H5- | 1.00 | - | 1.78 | 3.35 | 3.44 | 2.18 | 3.15 | 3.35 | - | - | 1.38 |
G2 | C3H7- | C3H7- | 1.03 | - | 1.78 | 3.32 | 3.44 | 2.18 | 3.16 | 3.35 | 1.78 | - | 1.03 |
G3 | C3H7- | C4H9- | 0.97 | - | 1.77 | 3.35 | 3.45 | 2.16 | 3.10 | 3.35 | 1.75 | 1.40 | 0.97 |
G4 | C3H7- | C6H13- | 1.05 | - | 1.78 | 3.32 | 3.46 | 2.18 | 3.11 | 3.32 | 1.78 | 1.34 | 0.90 |
G5 | C3H7- | C8H17- | 1.05 | - | 1.79 | 3.32 | 3.53 | 2.20 | 3.11 | 3.32 | 1.79 | 1.31 | 0.90 |
Symbol | R’ | R” | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k |
G6 | C3H7- | C10H21- | 1.05 | - | 1.79 | 3.31 | 3.53 | 2.20 | 3.11 | 3.31 | 1.79 | 1.31 | 0.90 |
G7 | C3H7- | C12H25- | 1.05 | - | 1.79 | 3.32 | 3.53 | 2.21 | 3.11 | 3.32 | 1.79 | 1.29 | 0.90 |
G8 | C3H7- | C16H33- | 1.05 | - | 1.80 | 3.31 | 3.54 | 2.21 | 3.11 | 3.31 | 1.80 | 1.28 | 0.90 |
G9 | C3H7- | C18H37- | 1.05 | - | 1.82 | 3.31 | 3.62 | 2.21 | 3.09 | 3.31 | 1.82 | 1.28 | 0.90 |
G10 | C4H9- | C4H9- | 0.97 | 1.39 | 1.77 | 3.36 | 3.46 | 2.16 | 3.12 | 3.35 | 1.69 | 1.39 | 0.97 |
G11 | C6H13- | C6H13- | 0.90 | 1.34 | 1.77 | 3.36 | 3.45 | 2.15 | 3.10 | 3.36 | 1.71 | 1.34 | 0.90 |
G12 | C8H17- | C8H17- | 0.90 | 1.32 | 1.77 | 3.32 | 3.46 | 2.16 | 3.06 | 3.32 | 1.71 | 1.32 | 0.90 |
G13 | C10H21- | C10H21- | 0.89 | 1.26 | 1.79 | 3.31 | 3.46 | 2.16 | 3.05 | 3.31 | 1.79 | 1.28 | 0.89 |
G14 | C12H25- | C12H25- | 0.89 | 1.28 | 1.81 | 3.32 | 3.46 | 2.19 | 3.05 | 3.32 | 1.80 | 1.28 | 0.90 |
G15 | C18H37- | C18H37- | 0.90 | 1.28 | 1.79 | 3.31 | 3.47 | 2.20 | 3.00 | 3.31 | 1.79 | 1.28 | 0.90 |
G16 | C8H17- | C12H25- | 0.90 | 1.28 | 1.77 | 3.31 | 3.47 | 2.20 | 3.01 | 3.31 | 1.79 | 1.29 | 0.90 |
G17 | C12H25- | C18H37- | 0.90 | 1.28 | 1.77 | 3.32 | 3.40 | 2.20 | 3.11 | 3.32 | 1.77 | 1.28 | 0.90 |
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | H- | - | - | - | - | 46.9 | 28.9 | 35.9 | 168.5 | 132.1 | 133.9 | 123.2 |
B1 | C2H5- | 11.5 | - | - | 50.9 | 46.9 | 26.3 | 36.5 | 168.1 | 132.1 | 133.6 | 123.0 |
B2 | C3H7- | 11.9 | 20.1 | - | 55.6 | 51.5 | 26.3 | 36.5 | 168.4 | 132.2 | 133.8 | 123.1 |
B3 | C4H9- | 14.1 | 20.6 | 29.1 | 53.4 | 51.4 | 26.2 | 36.5 | 168.4 | 132.2 | 133.8 | 123.1 |
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k |
B4 | C5H11- | 14.1 | 22.7 | 26.9, 35.6 | 53.5 | 51.4 | 26.1 | 36.5 | 168.4 | 132.2 | 133.8 | 123.1 |
B5 | C6H13- | 14.2 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.2, 31.9 | 53.7 | 51.5 | 26.3 | 36.6 | 168.2 | 132.1 | 133.7 | 123.0 |
B6 | C8H17- | 14.1 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.5, 29.3, 29.6, 31.9 | 53.7 | 51.4 | 26.2 | 36.5 | 168.4 | 132.2 | 133.8 | 123.1 |
B7 | C10H21- | 14.2 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.6, 29.4, 29.7, 31.9 | 53.7 | 51.5 | 26.3 | 36.5 | 168.2 | 132.1 | 133.6 | 123.0 |
B8 | C12H25- | 14.2 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.6, 29.3, 29.6, 31.9 | 53.8 | 51.5 | 26.3 | 36.6 | 168.2 | 132.2 | 133.8 | 123.1 |
B9 | C14H29- | 14.1 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.5, 29.3, 29.6, 31.9 | 53.7 | 51.4 | 26.2 | 36.5 | 168.3 | 132.2 | 133.7 | 123.1 |
B10 | C16H33- | 14.1 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.5, 29.3, 29.6, 29.7, 31.9 | 53.7 | 51.4 | 26.2 | 36.5 | 168.2 | 132.1 | 133.7 | 123.1 |
B11 | C18H37- | 14.1 | 22.7 | 26.9, 27.5, 29.3, 29.6, 29.7, 31.9 | 53.7 | 51.4 | 26.2 | 36.5 | 168.4 | 132.2 | 133.7 | 123.1 |
B12 | C12H11NO2-* | - | - | - | - | 51.2 | 26.1 | 36.3 | 168.3 | 132.2 | 133.7 | 123.1 |
*phthalimide substituent.
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H- | - | - | - | - | 45.9 | 25.7 | 35.1 | 168.2 | 131.8 | 134.0 | 123.3 |
D1 | C2H5- | 8.6 | - | - | 50.0 | 47.4 | 23.2 | 35.3 | 168.0 | 131.6 | 134.1 | 123.3 |
D2 | C3H7- | 11.0 | 16.6 | - | 54.1 | 50.5 | 23.0 | 35.2 | 168.0 | 131.7 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
D3 | C4H9- | 13.4 | 20.0 | 24.8 | 52.3 | 50.4 | 23.0 | 35.2 | 168.1 | 131.7 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k |
D4 | C5H11- | 13.7 | 22.6 | 26.3, 31.0 | 52.4 | 50.4 | 23.0 | 35.1 | 168.0 | 131.6 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
D5 | C6H13- | 13.9 | 22.3 | 23.3, 26.4, 31.0 | 52.5 | 50.4 | 22.9 | 35.2 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.1 | 123.3 |
D6 | C8H17- | 14.0 | 22.5 | 23.1, 26.7, 28.8, 28.9, 31.6 | 52.5 | 50.4 | 22.9 | 35.2 | 168.1 | 131.7 | 134.2 | 123.5 |
D7 | C10H21- | 14.0 | 22.5 | 23.1, 26.7, 28.9, 29.0, 31.6 | 52.5 | 50.4 | 22.9 | 35.2 | 168.2 | 131.8 | 134.3 | 123.5 |
D8 | C12H25- | 14.1 | 22.5 | 23.1, 26.7, 28.9, 29.0, 31.6 | 52.5 | 50.5 | 22.9 | 35.2 | 168.1 | 131.7 | 134.3 | 123.5 |
D9 | C14H29- | 14.0 | 22.6 | 23.1, 26.7, 28.9, 29.3, 29.4, 29.5, 29.6, 31.8 | 52.5 | 50.5 | 22.9 | 35.2 | 168.1 | 131.7 | 134.3 | 123.5 |
D10 | C16H33- | 14.1 | 22.6 | 23.1, 26.7, 28.9, 29.3, 29.4, 29.5, 29.7, 31.9 | 52.6 | 50.5 | 22.9 | 35.3 | 168.2 | 131.8 | 134.3 | 123.5 |
D11 | C18H37- | 14.1 | 22.7 | 23.1, 26.8, 28.9, 29.3, 29.4, 29.5, 29.7, 31.9 | 52.6 | 50.5 | 23.0 | 35.3 | 168.1 | 131.8 | 134.3 | 123.5 |
D12 | C12H11NO2-* | - | - | - | - | 50.7 | 23.0 | 35.2 | 168.1 | 131.8 | 134.2 | 123.5 |
*phthalimide substituent.
Symbol | R | a | b | c | d | e | f | g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nspd | H- | - | - | - | - | 47.0 | 33.0 | 39.6 |
E1 | C3H7- | 11.8 | 20.0 | - | 55.9 | 51.7 | 30.9 | 40.6 |
E2 | C4H9- | 14.1 | 20.7 | 31.0 | 54.5 | 51.6 | 30.9 | 40.4 |
E3 | C8H17- | 14.1 | 22.6 | 26.8, 27.6, 29.5, 29.6, 30.3, | 54.0 | 51.8 | 31.4 | 40.4 |
E4 | C12H25- | 14.2 | 22.7 | 26.6, 27.2, 28.9, 29.2, 30.6, | 54.1 | 51.9 | 32.0 | 40.6 |
E5 | C16H33- | 14.2 | 22.7 | 26.6, 27.0, 29.4, 29.7, 31.0, | 54.2 | 51.9 | 32.0 | 40.8 |
E6 | C18H37- | 14.2 | 22.8 | 26.8, 27.2, 29.5, 29.7, 31.0, | 54.2 | 52.0 | 32.0 | 40.8 |
R’ | R” | a | b,j | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | k | l | m | n | o | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | C3H7- | C2H5- | 10.8 | - | 16.0 | 60.7 | 55.6 | 22.0 | 35.1 | 56.8 | - | 8.5 | 168.2 | 131.6 | 134.3 | 123.4 |
F2 | C3H7- | C3H7- | 10.8 | - | 16.2 | 61.4 | 55.2 | 22.1 | 35.1 | 57.4 | 16.2 | 10.8 | 168.2 | 131.7 | 134.4 | 123.5 |
F3 | C3H7- | C4H9- | 10.8 | 19.6 | 16.1 | 61.3 | 57.2 | 22.0 | 35.1 | 59.7 | 24.2 | 13.6 | 168.1 | 131.5 | 134.3 | 123.4 |
F4 | C3H7- | C6H13- | 10.8 | 21.5, 22.3, 31.0 | 16.1 | 61.3 | 57.3 | 22.4 | 35.2 | 59.7 | 26.4 | 13.9 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F5 | C3H7- | C8H17- | 10.8 | 21.6, 22.2, 29.0, 29.1, 31.6 | 16.1 | 61.3 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 35.2 | 59.8 | 26.4 | 14.1 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F6 | C3H7- | C10H21- | 10.8 | 21.9, 22.3, 29.0-29.2, 29.5, 31.7 | 16.2 | 61.3 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 35.1 | 59.7 | 26.4 | 14.0 | 168.1 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F7 | C3H7- | C12H25- | 10.8 | 21.9, 22.3, 29.0 - 29.5, 31.7 | 16.1 | 61.3 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 35.0 | 59.8 | 26.3 | 14.0 | 168.1 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.3 |
F8 | C3H7- | C16H33- | 10.8 | 21.9, 22.3, 29.0 - 29.4, 29.6, 31.7 | 16.1 | 61.3 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 35.2 | 59.8 | 26.4 | 14.0 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F9 | C3H7- | C18H37- | 10.8 | 21.9, 22.3, 29.0 - 29.3, 29.5, 29.6, 31.7 | 16.2 | 61.3 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 35.2 | 59.8 | 26.4 | 14.2 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.3 |
F10 | C4H9- | C4H9- | 13.7 | 24.3 | 19.8 | 60.7 | 57.2 | 22.1 | 35.1 | 60.7 | 19.8 | 13.7 | 168.1 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F11 | C6H13- | C6H13- | 13.9 | 24.8, 29.2, 31.5 | 21.1 | 60.1 | 57.2 | 22.2 | 35.1 | 60.1 | 21.1 | 13.9 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F12 | C8H17- | C8H17- | 14.0 | 25.6, 29.1, 29.3, 29.4, 31.6 | 22.1 | 59.9 | 57.2 | 22.5 | 35.1 | 59.9 | 22.1 | 14.0 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.3 |
F13 | C10H21- | C10H21- | 14.2 | 26.1, 29.1, 29.3, 29.4, 29.6, 29.7, 31.7 | 22.2 | 59.9 | 57.3 | 22.6 | 35.2 | 59.9 | 22.2 | 14.2 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.1 | 123.3 |
F14 | C12H25- | C12H25- | 14.2 | 26.4, 29.2, 29.4, 29.5, 29.6, 29.7, 32.0 | 22.2 | 59.9 | 57.3 | 22.8 | 35.1 | 59.9 | 22.2 | 14.2 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F15 | C18H37- | C18H37- | 14.2 | 26.4, 29.1, 29.2, 29.4-29.6, 32.0 | 22.2 | 59.7 | 57.2 | 22.8 | 35.2 | 59.7 | 22.2 | 14.2 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.3 |
F16 | C12H25- | C8H17- | 14.2 | 22.4, 26.4, 29.0-29.2, 29.4-29.6, 31.6, 31.9 | 22.2 | 59.9 | 57.3 | 22.7 | 35.1 | 59.9 | 22.0 | 14.2 | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.2 | 123.4 |
F17 | C12H25- | C18H37- | 14.1 | 26.3, 29.1 - 29.7, 31.8, 31.9 | 22.1 | 59.8 | 57.2 | 22.6 | 35.1 | 59.8 | 22.1 | 14.1 | 168.1 | 131.5 | 134.3 | 123.4 |
F18 | C11H10NO2-* | C3H7- | 13.7 | 24.4 | 19.8 | 59.9 | 57.4 | 22.1 | 35.2 | - | - | - | 168.0 | 131.4 | 134.1 | 123.3 |
F19 | C11H10NO2-* | C12H25- | 14.2 | 26.4, 29.0, 29.2, 29.4, 29.6, 29.7, 31.9 | 22.1 | 60.1 | 57.5 | 22.8 | 35.2 | - | - | - | 168.0 | 131.5 | 134.1 | 123.3 |
Symbol | R’ | R” | a | b,j | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | k |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | C3H7- | C2H5- | 10.0 | - | 17.9 | 63.0 | 49.0 | 22.5 | 39.0 | 57.5 | - | 12.5 |
G2 | C3H7- | C3H7- | 11.4 | - | 20.7 | 62.1 | 51.2 | 23.2 | 38.0 | 62.1 | 20.7 | 11.4 |
G3 | C3H7- | C4H9- | 12.7 | 17.9 | 22.8 | 63.4 | 58.3 | 26.1 | 39.2 | 62.0 | 21.9 | 15.7 |
G4 | C3H7- | C6H13- | 11.5 | 17.0, 22.2, 30.9 | 23.6 | 63.2 | 57.5 | 26.4 | 38.5 | 61.8 | 23.4 | 14.9 |
G5 | C3H7- | C8H17- | 11.1 | 17.0, 21.8, 30.3, 30.4, 30.6, 30.7 | 23.7 | 62.1 | 57.2 | 27.5 | 37.8 | 60.7 | 23.2 | 14.6 |
Symbol | R’ | R” | a | b, j | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | k |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G6 | C3H7- | C10H21- | 11.0 | 16.8, 21.8, 30.3, 30.4, 30.6, 30.7, 33.1 | 23.8 | 62.0 | 57.2 | 27.6 | 37.8 | 60.8 | 23.3 | 14.6 |
G7 | C3H7- | C12H25- | 11.0 | 16.8, 21.7, 30.3, 30.4, 30.6, 30.7, 33.0 | 23.7 | 62.0 | 57.2 | 27.5 | 37.8 | 60.7 | 23.2 | 14.5 |
G8 | C3H7- | C16H33- | 11.0 | 16.7, 21.7, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.8, 33.1 | 23.8 | 62.0 | 57.2 | 27.6 | 37.8 | 60.8 | 23.3 | 14.6 |
G9 | C3H7- | C18H37- | 11.3 | 16.6, 21.7, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6, 30.9, 33.1 | 23.8 | 62.0 | 57.2 | 27.8 | 37.9 | 60.8 | 23.3 | 14.6 |
G10 | C4H9- | C4H9- | 15.6 | 26.1 | 22.8 | 55.8 | 52.6 | 27.9 | 39.2 | 55.8 | 22.8 | 15.6 |
G11 | C6H13- | C6H13- | 16.1 | 22.8, 24.7, 33.3 | 24.1 | 56.1 | 52.7 | 28.0 | 39.2 | 56.1 | 24.1 | 16.1 |
G12 | C8H17- | C8H17- | 14.5 | 23.8, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 33.0 | 26.0 | 54.7 | 51.7 | 28.2 | 38.8 | 54.7 | 26.0 | 14.5 |
G13 | C10H21- | C10H21- | 14.6 | 23.8, 30.3, 30.5, 30.7, 30.8, 30.9,33.1 | 26.1 | 54.7 | 52.5 | 27.5 | 40.0 | 54.7 | 26.1 | 14.6 |
G14 | C12H25- | C12H25- | 14.5 | 23.8 30.3, 30.5, 30.6, 30.7, 30.8, 33.1 | 25.0 | 54.8 | 51.2 | 27.7 | 38.0 | 54.8 | 25.0 | 14.5 |
G15 | C18H37- | C18H37- | 14.6 | 23.3, 23.8, 30.2, 30.4, 30.5, 30.7 - 30.9, 33.1 | 24.5 | 54.8 | 51.3 | 27.8 | 38.0 | 54.8 | 24.5 | 14.6 |
G16 | C8H17- | C12H25- | 14.6 | 21.8, 30.3-30.9, 33.1 | 23.8 | 60.7 | 57.2 | 27.5 | 38.0 | 60.7 | 23.2 | 14.6 |
G17 | C12H25- | C18H37- | 14.6 | 21.7, 30.3-30.9, 33.1 | 23.8 | 60.7 | 57.2 | 27.5 | 37.8 | 60.7 | 23.2 | 14.6 |
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