Shape control and free vibration analysis of piezolaminated plates subjected to electro mechanical loading are evaluated using finite element method. First order shear deformation theory is employed in the analysis. Both extensions as well as shear actuators are considered for piezolaminated plates. Rectangular four node isoparametric element is used in the finite element formulation. Variation of temperature is neglected for the orthotropic layers of the laminate and for piezolayer. Annular circular plates and rectangular plates with piezoelectric layers mounted and/or integrated are analysed for various parameters. Numerical results are presented for varying the actuator voltage for annular plates with different thicknesses of piezo patches. In case of rectangular plate shear actuator is considered for vibration analysis.
In recent years the use of smart piezolaminated composite structures has been increased. Due to their significant stiffness and low weight many isotropic materials and structures are now replaced by piezolaminated smart composites. The piezoelectric ceramics are available in the form of thin sheets which can be surface mounted and/or integrated with the laminates to control the structural response in shape, vibration and buckling. Suffieforts are directed towards the analysis of such piezoelectric laminated structures. It has gained an attraction toward the shape and vibration control of piezoelectric laminates which have the capability of active and passive control. Ha et al. (1992) performed finite element analysis of composite structures containing distributed piezoceramic sensors and actuators [
Moita et al. (2004) studied active control of adaptive laminated structures with bonded piezoelectric sensors and actuators. [
Here shape control and vibration analysis of piezolaminated plates subjected to combined action of electrical and mechanical loading is carried out considering first order shear deformation theory. Finite element method as employed for the analysis purpose. An isoperimetric four noded rectangular element is used in the finite element formulation. Shape control of annular plate with piezo patched at optimal locations is performed for varying the actuator voltage. Again the thickness of piezolayer is varied and response of structure is studied. Further in case rectangular plate shear piezoelectric actuator is considered for the vibration analysis. Results are presented considering shape control and vibration piezolaminated plate for different parameters viz. actuator voltage, aspect ratio of plate and varying thickness of piezolayer.
Virtual displacement principle is considered in the mathematical formulation to obtain equation s of equilibrium. Equilibrium between internal and external forces has to be satisfied. If
In above equation, {R} is the external forces due to imposed load and {P} represents the vector of internal resisting forces. For piezolaminated plates the equilibrium equation can be written as:
where V, Vs and Va represents the area of the entire structure, sensor layer and actuator layer respectively. For writing the work done by external forces due to the applied surface traction and applied electric charge on actuator, the equation for external work done {R} can be summarized as:
Finite element modeling is considered for the analysis purpose. Here displacement field considered in finite element formulation is based on first order shear deformation theory. Hence considering the effect of shear deformation, displacement field of first order shear deformation theory is written as follow:
where,
The strains associated with the displacement model for linear bending are given by
Four nodded isoparametric rectangular element is adopted as shown in
Shape functions are given as:
The displacement field associated with the eight nodded rectangular element is given as:
Strains associated with the displacement field can be written as follow:
a. Middle plane membrane strains
in which
Curvature strains/Bending strains.
Curvature strains are linearly related to bending displacement as:
Shear strains,
Thus
and shear strains can separately be written as,
In which
Hence strain displacement relationship can be obtained as:
For piezolaminated plates two constitutive relationships exist which includes the effect of mechanical and electrical loading as given by Eq. 17. Variation of temperature effect is neglected in formulation.
In which,
where, {D} is electric displacement vector, [e] is dielectric permittivity matrix,
where,
Element stiffness matrix is written as,
where,
In which,
and
And hence element equation in the form of global stiffness matrix can be written as:
For free vibration problems, the equations of motion can be expressed as the following eigenvalue problem
where, the lowest magnitude of eigenvalue gives critical buckling load and the vector
A shape control of clamped annular plate having diameter 1 m is analyzed subjected to electrical load. Here no mechanical load is provided to the structure.
Sr. No. | No. of Elements | No. of Nodes | Deflection at Free Edge | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AV 20 | AV 40 | AV 60 | |||
1 | 180 | 216 | 3.09E−04 | 6.17E−04 | 9.26E−04 |
2 | 720 | 792 | 3.00E−04 | 5.88E−04 | 9.21E−04 |
3 | 2880 | 3024 | 2.98E−04 | 5.86E−04 | 9.20E−04 |
Sr. No. | No. of Elements | No. of Nodes | Deflection at Free Edge (Tplate/Tpiezo = 2.0) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AV 20 | AV 40 | AV 60 | |||
1 | 180 | 216 | 2.31E−04 | 4.63E−04 | 6.94E−04 |
2 | 720 | 792 | 2.24E−04 | 4.49E−04 | 6.73E−04 |
3 | 2880 | 3024 | 2.22E−04 | 4.46E−04 | 6.68E−04 |
Hence a convergence study is included to show that these numbers of elements are sufficient to get the realistic results and no need to go for higher number of elements. Figures 4-8 show deflection of the plate along its radius with varying actuator voltage (AV 20, AV 40 and AV 60) for different Tplate/Tpiezo ratio as 1.5, 2. Material properties are adopted as follows:
For graphite epoxy composite
For PZT G-1195
The maximum tip displacements observed at end are 3.09E−4 and 6.17E−4 and 9.26E−4 for AV 20, AV 40 and AV 60 respectively with Tplate/Tpiezo = 1.5. It is observed that increase in actuator voltage leads to considerable increase in end deflection. About 50% increase in deflection at the tip is found for AV40 as compared to that of AV 20. Also if we consider the thickness of plate to thickness of piezolayer ratio, about 57.2% increase in deflection is observed at free end as tplate to tpiezolayer ratio increases from 1.5 to 2.0. Thus either increase voltage or increase thickness of piezolayer it will have influence on shape control of structure.
A simply supported piezolaminated plate with the top and bottom layers made of 00 graphite-epoxy and the central layer made of axially poled PZT-5A thus having laminated scheme as [00 Gr-Epoxy/PZT-5A/00 Gr-Epoxy] is examined for free vibration. Length of the plate is taken as 0.25 m.
Vibration analysis of piezoelectric laminated plate is carried out for different aspect ratio of plate. Piezolaminated plates are analysed for different electric condition of the piezolayer.
Elastic Properties | Piezoelectric Properties | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Properties | Graphite-Epoxy | PZT-4 | Properties | Graphite-Epoxy | PZT-5A |
183.44 | 86.86 | 0 | −7.21 | ||
11.66 | 99.20 | 0 | −7.21 | ||
11.66 | 99.20 | 0 | 12.32 | ||
4.363 | 50.78 | 0 | 12.32 | ||
3.920 | 54.02 | 0 | 12.32 | ||
4.363 | 50.78 | 153 | 150 | ||
0.24 | 0.329 | 153 | 153 | ||
0.24 | 0.432 | 153 | 153 | ||
0.49 | 0.432 |
Mode | Aspect Ratio | Frequency | |
---|---|---|---|
Closed Loop | Open Loop | ||
1 | 4 | 2450.10 | 2482.38 |
10 | 1327.86 | 1333.19 | |
100 | 144.014 | 144.71 | |
2 | 4 | 6083.27 | 6217.93 |
10 | 4364.49 | 4414.26 | |
100 | 1293.75 | 1295.16 | |
3 | 4 | 9677.48 | 9930.18 |
10 | 7931.00 | 8059.25 | |
100 | 3542.73 | 3547.78 | |
4 | 4 | 13236.21 | 13624.61 |
10 | 11578.50 | 11807.73 | |
100 | 5052.28 | 5060.17 |
In the present analysis, shape control and vibration of piezolaminated plates subjected to electro mechanical loading are studied based on finite element method. First order shear deformation theory is used for the same purpose. Both extensions as well as shear actuators are considered for two problems of piezolaminated plates. Annular circular plate and rectangular plates with piezoelectric layers mounted and/or integrated are analysed for various parameters. Numerical results are presented for varying the actuator voltage for annular plates with different thicknesses of piezo patches. In case of rectangular plate shear actuator is considered for vibration analysis. The maximum tip displacements observed at end are 3.09E−4 and 6.17E−4 and 9.26E−4 for AV 20, AV 40 and AV 60 respectively with Tplate/Tpiezo = 1.5. Again the maximum tip displacements observed at end are 2.31E−4 and 4.63E−4 and 6.94E−4 for AV 20, AV 40 and AV 60 respectively with Tplate/Tpiezo = 2.0. It is observed that increase in actuator voltage leads to considerable increase in end deflection. About 50% increase in deflection at the tip is found for AV40 as compared to that of AV 20 for same thickness of piezolayer. Also if we consider same voltage then deflection reduces for increasing thickness rations of plate to that of piezolayer. It is observed that with proper selection and placement of piezoelectric actuators as extension or shear, it is possible to generate enough forces on a structure in order to control its response in shape and vibration.
Rajan L. Wankhade,Kamal M. Bajoria, (2016) Shape Control and Vibration Analysis of Pi-ezolaminated Plates Subjected to Electro-Mechanical Loading. Open Journal of Civil Engineering,06,335-345. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2016.63028