Infection of the umbilical cord has been the cause of illness and death constantly in different countries. Each year 500,000 infants die from neonatal tetanus and 460,000 infants die from bacterial infections. One way that is currently being developed is the use breast milk. Various kinds of content of nutrients and substances that exist in breast milk may reduce the risk of incidence of the infection so that the baby can avoid the incidence of umbilical cord infection. This type of research is quasy experiments with static group comparison. The research data are obtained by researchers using observation sheet, then the data are tabulated. Results of the observation of the time required in the treatment of breast milk and umbilical cord using dry Sterile gauze then compare and conclusions draw an average release time of each media. From the results, the average time of the release of the umbilical cord using breast milk is for 127.41 hours and the average time of the release of the umbilical cord using dry Sterile gauze is for 157.38 hours. From the results of correlation Mann Whitney test with significance level α = 0.05 is obtained significance value (p) of 0.00. It takes a more active research and in a greater scope to conduct more studies in the use of breast milk to use for umbilicard cord of the baby. That requires the active participation of various stakeholders to provide support in implementing it.
Child health problem is one of the main problems in the health sector that is currently happening in the State of Indonesia. Degree child health reflects the health of the nation, because children as the future generation have the ability that can be developed in the continuing development of the nation. One indicator of health status in Indonesia is the infant mortality rate. High infant mortality rate in Indonesia is caused by various factors, including the factor of disease, infection and malnutrition. One of the threats to the baby is the occurrence of tetanus. One of the efforts to reduce infant mortality infant care needs to be done properly, especially cord care in order to avoid the risk of infection [
Infection of the umbilical cord has been the cause of illness and death constantly in different countries. Each year 500,000 infants die from neonatal tetanus and 460,000 infants die from bacterial infections [
Time release umbilical cord is affected by how clean umbilical cord care, humidity cord, environmental sanitation around the newborn, and the incidence of infection of the umbilical cord because of action or treatment that does not meet the requirements of cleanliness Impact umbilical cord care that may result in a release of the umbilical cord is getting slow and umbilical cord infection. Infection of the cord may cause sepsis, menginitis, and others. Fatal risks that may happen are the death in infants [
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treatments umbilical cord using breast milk and dry kassa.
This type of research is quasy experiments with static group comparison study design which in practice is used two groups: treatment using breast milk and dry Sterile gauze. The research data obtained by researchers using observation sheet then the data is tabulated. Results of the observation of the time required in the treatment of breast milk and umbilical cord using dry Sterile gauze then compared and conclusions drawn an average release time of each media.
The population in this study is all mothers with infants aged < 1 month/new mothers and infants, who have living in the Village Sooko Mojokerto. The sample collection technique using total sampling with a sample size of 17 people divided into 2 groups. Determine umbilical cord care group using breast milk and cord care using dry Sterile gauze. This obtained 9 babies umbilical cord care was given to breast milk and 8 babies using dry Sterile gauze. The sample in this study is all mothers with newborns in the village Sooko Sooko Mojokerto who met the study criteria were determined researchers, namely:
1) Infants born to normal.
2) Babies who do not have an infection or require special care.
3) Parents of infants who are willing to become respondents in the study.
The research data obtained by researchers using observation sheet then the data is tabulated. Results of the observation of the time required in the treatment of breast milk and umbilical cord using dry Sterile gauze then compared and conclusions drawn an average release time of each media. Long research data release cord care using breast milk and dry Sterile gauze then tabulated for further correlation test Mann-Whitney with significance level α = 0.05. To facilitate the calculation and reduce the error rate in data analysis, SPSS software used tool for windows 17:00
Umbilical cord care methods used in this research is to use dry gauze and breast milk. This method selected in order to see the effectiveness of each method of treatment umbilical cord. This study was conducted over a period of 3 months, starting in April 2015 until June 2015. This study was approved by the local ethics commissions are derived from hospital institutions Wahidin Sudiro Husodo mojokerto. This study was approved by the local ethics commissions are derived from hospital institutions Wahidin Sudiro Husodo mojokerto (056/RSU/ EC/II/2015). For the determination of the area used as a study was approved by the Research Commission Mojokerto
Infants were included in this study did not have an infection or require special care. From Analysis of research data obtained from the data (
Using breast milk | Using dry Sterile gauze | |
---|---|---|
Mean | 127.41 | 157.38 |
SD | 0.50 | 3.30 |
Minimum | 126.83 | 151.50 |
Maximum | 128.50 | 159.83 |
N | 9 | 8 |
Mann-Whitney U | 0.00 | |
Wilcoxon W | 45.000 | |
Z | −3.466 | |
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) | 0.001 | |
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] | 0.000a |
Release time measurement results in the baby’s umbilical cord.
1) The amount of time required for the baby’s cord separated by treated using breast milk.
From the results, the average time of the release of the umbilical cord using breast milk is for 127.41 hours. Acceleration of the release cord made possible because the treatment of breast milk contains nutrients found in breast milk can help the healing process.
Stol et al. [
Umbilical cord care using breast milk a new method in the treatment of the umbilical cord. This is because the content of nutrients in breast milk in the form of lactose, protein, fat and minerals have directly into the cell so that the milk can be used as a medium for cord care. Protein in breast milk that is high enough role in the repair process of damaged cells, accelerate the healing process so as to speed up the release of the umbilical cord. By using the breast milk as a media umbilical cord care, mother and baby will get the most benefit. For mother several benefits such as easy to get the milk and do not need to pay to get media treatment used in the care of the baby. For babies a few benefits gained among babies can avoid the risk of infection due to the content of nutrients in breast milk that can prevent infection and infants can avoid the risk of alaergi use of antibiotics such as alcohol and povidone iodine. By using the breast milk as a media umbilical cord care, make time release of the umbilical cord will be more brief and ensure no infection in infants due to the use of media treatment of the umbilical cord is not suitable for babies.
2) The amount of time required for the baby’s cord separated by treated using dry Sterile gauze
From the research, the average time of the release of the umbilical cord using a dry Sterile gauze is for 157.38 hours. Treatments using umbilical cord is often referred to as a dry Sterile gauze care open umbilical cord, cord care covered, wet or cord care. The use of gauze had been believed to be effective and efficient to prevent infection and speed up the breakdown of cord. Basically umbilical cord infection can be prevented by performing cord care is good and right, namely the principles of clean and dry treatments [
Most cord care in Indonesia tends to use dry Sterile gauze. This is in addition to effective treatment using umbilical cord dry Sterile gauze also suppresses the incidence of infection of the umbilical cord. This is what makes a dry Sterile gauze is always used as a medium of cord care along with alcohol and povidone iodine. Because of the effectiveness of which has been proven, made largely on infant umbilical cord care using open dry Sterile gauze and make something that is common if treatment is identical to the umbilical cord using a dry Sterile gauze. Dry Sterile gauze is widely used by health workers to perform cord care. This is a culture and practice of science that continues to be done by nearly every health workers, especially midwives and neonatal nurses in the room. This practice is done because the umbilical cord care using dry Sterile gauze to reduce the risk of infection in infants.
3) The effectiveness of treatment using umbilical cord in infants breast milk and dry Sterile gauze
From the results of correlation Mann Whitney test with significance level α (0.05) is obtained significance value (p) of 0.00. Because the significance value (p) obtained < α (0.05), then the hypothesis in this study received, breast milk effective means for use in the treatment of the baby’s umbilical cord.
Breast milk has been only used as baby food and breast milk with the development of science began to be used as a liquid to take care of the umbilical cord in infants because breast milk is considered safe and effective for treatment of the umbilical cord in infants. Breast milk is effectively used as a medium cord care because the nutrients are contained in breast milk itself. Breast milk is protein. Protein serves as forming bonds of essential body, regulate body fluid balance, maintaining the neutralization of the body to react to acidic wet so that PH balanced body, forming antibodies, as well as an important role in transporting nutrients into tissues [
Research conducted showed the average time of the release of the umbilical cord that was treated using the breast milk is 127 hours 31 minutes, and the mean time of the release of the cord treated using dry Sterile gauze is 159 hours 17 minutes. The results showed that the timing of the release cord taken care of by using the ASI 32 hours 14 minutes faster than the treatment using dry Sterile gauze (p = 0.00). According Widowati (2003, cited by Sumaryani) excellent nutrient content in the milk, such as lactose, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins in milk, has the effect of directly into the cell. Breast milk contains a high enough protein. Protein function is to form a bond of essential body, regulate body fluid balance, to keep neutralization of the body with a wet acid that reacts to body pH balanced, forming antibodies, and plays an important role in transporting nutrients to the tissues.
The content of nutrients in breast milk such as fat, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and proteins as well as the composition of breast milk changes every staged as colostrum, transitional breast milk/intermediate, mature breast milk plays an important role in every phase of wound healing in the umbilical cord. The content of nutrients such as colostrum (the formation of antibody/globulin), fat (formation/regeneration of cells), lactobacillus (activating the immune system), lactoferin (inhibits bacterial growth) and carotene (inhibits the growth of bacteria) is indirectly active role in the regeneration of cells and help the wound healing process in the umbilical cord. By using the breast milk as a media cord care, time release cord is needed more quickly, efficiently and in a cost effective and safe for use as an alternative media cord care.
Umlibilical cord care is an important factor in the future growth and development of infants. This is because as long as umbilical cord care, each baby is at risk of umbilical cord infection and most fatal consequence is the occurrence of death in infants. The use of dry Sterile gauze is a medium that has been used for umbilical cord care. The latest breakthrough in umbilical cord care is using breast milk. In addition to efficient, breast milk is used as a medium umbilical cord care to avoid maternal postpartum breast milk of the dams. Besides being able to prevent the mother from the dam breast milk, cord care by using breast milk is much more efficient in economics/finance family because breast milk in the care of the umbilical cord does not need at all costs or is relatively more economical. The impact of the use of breast milk as a medium cord care is minimal. This is because of the content of the milk itself. Various kinds of content of nutrients and substances that exist in breast milk may reduce the risk of incidence of the infection so that the baby can avoid the incidence of umbilical cord infection.
Technical and scientific support of the study was provided by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, STIKES Dian Husada, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia.
ArisHartono,Nasrul HadiPurwanto, (2016) Comparison Effectiveness Breast Milk and Dry Sterile Gauze to Treatment Umbilical Cord. Open Journal of Nursing,06,94-99. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2016.62010