In order to analyze the normal deviatoric stress that viscous-elastic fluid acting on the residual oil under the situation of different flooding conditions and different permeabilities, Viscous-elastic fluid flow equation is established in the micro pore by choosing the continuity equation, motion equation and the upper-convected Maxwell constitutive equation, the flow field is computed by using numerical analysis, the forces that driving fluid acting on the residual oil in micro pore are got, and the influence of flooding conditions, pore width and viscous-elasticity of driving fluid on force is compared and analyzed. The results show that: the more viscous-elasticity of driving fluid increases, the greater the normal devia toric stress acting on the residual oil increases; using constant pressure gradient flooding, the lager the pore width is, the greater normal deviatoric stress acting on the residual oil will be.
In the enhanced oil recovery, the viscous-elastic fluid flooding is a very important part. Many scholars have made a lot of efforts on viscous-elastic fluid enhancing oil recovery. By experimental studies Wang Demin [
In order to analyze the force acting on residual oil in micro pore of different width, a calculation model is established shown in
The boundary conditions are setted: The inlet and an outlet, respectively, use a constant velocity (1e - 5 m/s), constant flow rate (2e - 10 m3/s) and constant pressure gradient (0.02 MPa/m). The boundaries meet the no-slip condition and assume that the film is stationary.
Viscous-elastic fluids have got complex rheological properties. Based on experiment research, the upper-convected Maxwell constitutive equation is suitable to describe the rheological properties of viscous-elastic fluid. The corresponding continuity equation, motion equation and constitutive equation [
Continuity equation:
where: u is velocity vector.
Momentum equation:
where: F is mass force; ρ is density; P is stress tensor.
where I is unit tensor; −p is static pressure; T is deviatoric stress tensor.
Constitutive equation:
where: λ is relaxation time, which is the characterization of fluid elasticity; η is shearing viscosity; A1 is one order Rivlin-Ericksen tensor.
The Weissenberger number is a dimensionless quantity which is used to describe fluid elasticity. The greater its value is, the stronger the fluid elasticity is. The formula is:
where We is the Weissenberger number; v is characteristic velocity; l is characteristic length.
For the same pore width (20 μm, for example), using constant velocity (1e - 5 m/s), constant flow rate (2e - 10 m3/s) and constant pressure gradient (0.02 MPa/m), respectively. The normal deviatoric stress acting on the residue oil is calculated by different viscous-elastic fluid. As is shown in
It can be seen from
For the same We, micro pores of 20 μm 40 μm and 60 μm respectively, the forces acting on residual oil under the flooding conditions of constant velocity (1e - 5 m/s), constant flow rate(2e - 10 m3/s) and constant pressure gradient (0.02 MPa/m), are calculated, which is shown in
It can be seen from
susceptible to be displaced.
Using constant pressure gradient flooding, the greater the permeability is, the greater the force of residual oil acting by viscous-elastic fluid is; using constant flow rate or constant velocity flooding, the situation is just the opposite; as We increases, the force of viscous-elastic fluid acting on residual oil increases.