Antibiotic	Mechanism of action	Resistance mechanism
Macrolides	Blocks exit of the growing peptide chain in protein synthesis [87] [88]	Methylation of 23S rRNA by erm gene [128]
		drug efflux mediated by mefF or mefA genes [129]
Quinolones	Inhibits DNA gyrase [88]	Mutations in gyrA or parC genes [130]
		drug efflux mediated by pmrA gene [131]
Tetracycline	Inhibits codon-anticodon interaction in protein synthesis [87] [89]	tetM or tetO ribosomal protection proteins [132]
Chloramphenicol	Inhibits peptidyl transferase [87] [89]	Inactivation of chloramphenicol by cat gene [133]
Trimethoprim	Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase [87] -[89]	Mutation in dihydrofolate reductase gene [133]
Sulfamethoxazole	Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase [87] -[89]	Mutation in dihydropteroate synthase gene [133]
Rifampin	Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase [87] -[89]	Mutation in RNA polymearse gene [134]