Applied Mathematics
 Vol.4 No.10(2013), Article ID:37486,10 pages DOI:10.4236/am.2013.410192

Matrix Measure with Application in Quantized Synchronization Analysis of Complex Networks with Delayed Time via the General Intermittent Control*

Qunli Zhang

Department of Mathematics, Heze University, Heze, China

Email: qunli-zhang@126.com

Copyright © 2013 Qunli Zhang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received July 19, 2013; revised August 19, 2013; accepted August 26, 2013

Keywords: Matrix Measure; The General Intermittent Control; Exponential Stability; Quantized Synchronization; Complex Networks

ABSTRACT

This paper concerned with the quantized synchronization analysis problem. The scope of state vectors of dynamic systems, based on the matrix measure, is estimated. By using the general intermittent control, some simple yet generic criteria are derived ensuring the exponential stability of dynamic systems. Then, both the general intermittent networked controller and the quantized parameters can be designed, which guarantee that the nodes of the complex network are synchronized. Finally, simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

1. Introduction

Since its origins in the work of Fujisaka and Yamada [1- 3], Afraimovich, Verichev, and Rabinovich [4], and Pecora and Carrol [5], the study of synchronization of chaotic systems [6-19] is of great practical significance and has received great interest in recent years. In the above literatures, the approach applied to stability analysis is basically the Lyapunov’s method. As we all know, the construction of a proper Lyapunov function usually becomes very skillful, and the Lyapunov’s method does not specifically describe the convergence rate near the equilibrium point of the system. Hence, there is little compatibility among all of the stability criteria obtained so far.

The concept named the matrix measur [20-25] has been applied to the investigation of the existence, uniqueness or stability analysis of the equilibrium. Intermittent control [26-29] has been used for a variety of purposes in engineering fields such as manufacturing, transportation, air-quality control and communication. A wide variety of synchronization or stabilization using the periodically intermittent control method has been studied (see [27- 32]). Compared with continuous control methods [7-14], intermittent control is more efficient when the system output is measured intermittently rather than continuously. All of intermittent control and impulsive control are belong to switch control. But the intermittent control is different from the impulsive control, because impulsive control is activated only at some isolated moments, namely it is of zero duation, while intermittent control has a nonzero control width.

But it should be mentioned that the influence caused by quantization has not been considered in their results. It is well known that in modern networked systems, quantization is an indispensable step that aims at saving limited bandwidth and energy consumption [33]. Quantization cannot be avoided in the digital control setting, and it is indeed a natural way to be inserted into the control design complexity constraints of the controller and communication constraints of the channels which connect the controller and the plant [34]. The important application of quantization in real world can be found in humanmachine interaction, for instance, see [35-37]. Therefore, it is essential and important to investigate the exponential quantized synchronization problem of networks with mixed delays by periodically intermittent control.

Our interest focuses on the class of commonly intermittent controller with time duration, where the control is activated in certain nonzero time intervals, and is off in other time intervals. A special case of such a control law is of the form

where denotes the control strength, denotes the switching width, and T denotes the control period. The general intermittent controller

where is a strictly monotone increasing function on, has been studied (see [38]).

Moreover, a logarithmic quantizer has quantization levels give by

where the quantization densitie is, and the scaling parameter is. Then, the quantizer is defined as follow

(1)

where. Based on (1), it is obvious thatand the quantization synchronization error (see [39-43]).

In this paper, based on matrix measure and Gronwall inequality, the general intermittent controller

where is a strictly monotone increasing function on,

where is a strictly monotone decreasing function on, is designed. Then the sufficient yet generic criteria for synchronization of complex networks with and without delayed item are obtained.

This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, some necessary background materials are presented. In Section 3, the state vectors scope estimated via matrix measure are formulated. Section 4 deals with the quantized synchronization. The theoretical results are applied to complex networks, and numerical simulations of delayed neural network systems are shown in this section. Finally, some concluding remarks are given in Section 5.

2. Preliminaries

Let be a Banach space endowed with the l2-norm

, i.e., where is inner product, and be a open subset of. We consider the following system:

(2)

where are nonlinear operators defined on, and , and is a time-delayed positive constant, and.

Definition 1 [12,26,28,44] System (2) is called to be exponentially stable on a neighborhood of the equilibrium point, if there exist constants, such that

where is any solution of (2) initiated from .

Definition 2 [20-25] Suppose that is a matrix. Let be the matrix measure of defined as

where is the identity matrix.

Lemma [20-25] The matrix measure is well defined for the l2-norm, the induced matrix measure is given by

where denotes all eigenvalues of the matrix.

3. Estimating the Scope of the State Vectors

We consider the following system:

(3)

(4)

where are nonlinear operators defined on, and , and is a timedelayed positive constant, and .

Theorem 1 For any in the system (3), (4), if the operator satisfies

, (5)

is bound, where is a positive constant. The solutions initiated from of the system (3) and (4) satisfy

where

Proof Under the initial conditions we have

for any.

Let

then

Using Cauchy-Bunyakovsky Inequality and condition (5), we obtain

So

Namely

Using the Gronwall inequality [45,46], we have

that is

4. Synchronization via the General Intermittent Control and Examples

Consider a delayed complex dynamical network consisting of linearly coupled nonidentical nodes described by

(6)

where is the state vector of the ith node, are nonlinear vector functions, is the control input of the ith node, and is the coupling figuration matrix representing the coupling strength and the topological structure of the complex networks, in which if there is connection from node i to node , and is zero, otherwise, and the constraint

, is set.

A complex network is said to achieve asymptotical synchronization if

, (7)

where is a solution of a real target node, satisfying

.

For our synchronization scheme, let us define error vector and control input as follows, respectively:

When is a strictly monotone increasing function on n with

(8)

When is a strictly monotone decreasing function on n with

(9)

In this work, the goal is to design suitable function and parameters, and satisfying the condition (7). The error system follows from the expression (6), (8) and (9)

(10)

When is a strictly monotone increasing function on with we obtain the following result:

Theorem 2 Suppose that the operator in the network (6) satisfies condition (5), and is defined as Definition 2,

where the constant

satisfies

Then the synchronization of network (6) is achieved if the parameters, , , and satisfy

(11)

where is the inverse function of the function

Proof From Theorem 1, the following conclusion is valid:

(12)

for any;

(13)

for any.

In the following, we use mathematical induction to prove, for any nonnegative integer,

(14)

1) For, from (12) and (13), we can see that

a) For,

b) For,

So (14) is true for.

2) Assume that (14) is true for all, that is

We will prove (14) is also true when. From (12) and (13), it is easy to see that

Then, for, we have

and also, for, it follows from above results that

From above discussion, we can see that the (14) is always correct for any nonnegative integer.

When is a strictly monotone increasing function on and, it is easy to obtain

When is a strictly monotone increasing function on and, it follows that

then

Therefore

when is obtained under the condition (11). So the synchronization of the network (6) is achieved.

When is a strictly monotone decreasing function on with, we obtain the following result:

Theorem 3 Suppose that the operator in the network (6) satisfies condition (5), and is defined as Definition 2,

where the constant

are the same as Theorem 2. So the synchronization of networks (6) is achieved if the parameters, and satisfy

(15)

where is the inverse function of the function

Proof From Theorem 1, the following conclusion is valid:

(16)

for any;

(17)

for any.

From (16) and (17), imitating Theorem 2,we can prove

where

,

,

,

.

when is obtained under the condition (15). So the synchronization of network (6) is achieved.

Corollary 1 Supposing that , and the rest of restricted conditions are invariable. Then the synchronization of the network (6) is achieved if the parameters, and satisfy

Corollary 2 when we add normally distributed white noise randn (size(t)), the result similar to Theorem 2 and Theorem 3 is obtained if the condition (11) or (12) , respectively, is satisfied.

In the simulations of following examples, we always choose the matrix

.

Let the initial condition be

Example 1 Consider a delayed system [47]:

(18)

The function, which are the strictly monotone increasing or decreasing function on, respectively, then they can be clearly seen that the synchronization of network (6), which is composed of system (18), is realized in Figures 1-4 (Excited by parameter white-noise), respectively.

(a)(b)

Figure 1. Synchronization error when h(n) = 2n + 1n(n + 1). (a) The error xi1 − s1, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); (b) The error xi2 − s2, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

(a)(b)

Figure 2. Synchronization error when h(n) = 2n + 1n(n + 1), white noise 0.5 (xi − s) randn (size(t)), (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). (a) The error xi1 − s1, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); (b) The error xi2 − s2, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

(a)(b)

Figure 3. Synchronization error when h(n) = 3/n + (n + 1)/n2. (a) The error xi1 − s1, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); (b) The error xi2 − s2, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

(a)(b)

Figure 4. Synchronization error when h(n) = 3/n + (n + 1)/n2, white noise 0.5 (xi − s) randn (size(t)), (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). (a) The error xi1 − s1, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); (b) The error xi2 − s2, (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

5. Conclusion

Approaches for quantized synchronization of complex networks with delayed time via general intermittent which uses the nonlinear operator named the matrix measure have been presented in this paper. Strong properties of global and exponential synchronization have been achieved in a finite number of steps. Numerical simulations have verified the effectiveness of the method.

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NOTES

*This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11071141), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2011AL018, ZR2011AQ008) and a Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J11LA06), the Research Rund Project of Heze University under Grant: XY10KZ01.

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