Received 10 December 2015; accepted 22 January 2016; published 25 January 2016

ABSTRACT

Two simple and rapid analytical methods (DSC and ¹H-NMR), are proposed for determination of meclofenoxate in meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection. DSC thermogram is recorded without any sample pretreatment. The response linearity is ensured by linear determination factors R², which is 0.9982. The recoveries of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection are from 98.3% to 102.3% (n = 3). The quantitative ¹H-NMR is quick and simple to use. The quantitation of meclofenoxate is reproducible and the relative standard deviation is 1.0%. The accuracy of two methods is validated by comparison with the results obtained by HPLC. The results show that the two methods are capable of quantifying the content of meclofenoxate in meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection.

Keywords:

Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride, DSC, ¹H-NMR, Analysis

1. Introduction

Meclofenoxate [CAS number 51-68-3] is one of the older nootropic drugs used to treat the symptoms of senile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (Figure 1) [1] . It is a white powder, soluble in cold water and methanol, sparingly soluble in cold isopropanol and acetone and practically insoluble in benzene, ether and chloroform.

However, meclofenoxate containing ester is easy to produce hydrolysis reaction, resulting in that its medicinal property becomes poor. Several different methods have been used for the determination of meclofenoxate including electrochemical method [1] -[3] , proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis [4] , resonance Rayleigh scattering method [5] , and high performance liquid chromatography [6] -[8] .

The meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection contains meclofenoxate hydrochloride and mannitol (see in Figure 1). The content of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection is determined by HPLC in China Pharmacopeia [2] . Although this method is comparatively accurate, it is restained by many conditions. For instance, the meclofenoxate hydrochloride samples should be analysed as soon as possible after the preparation stage. The analysis time of each sample is long. In addition, the meclofenoxate hydrochloride is prepared in buffer solution of pH = 2.5 to prevent hydrolysis. This paper attempted to use some instrumental methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the detection of principal component content of the meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection. The DSC and NMR methods are rapid, convenient, accurate, and highly specific, and do not require an absorption coefficient. DSC thermogram is recorded without any sample pretreatment. The quantitative NMR method, which does not require consideration of impurities or a reference standard of known content, but only uses a common chemical substance of known content for comparison, can determine the absolute contents of a drug. We acquire the spectra of meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection during the determination process and to investigate whether the content of the meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection can be determined via the methods (DSC and NMR) and how the results correlate with the established method (HPLC). The results show that the two methods are capable of quantifying the content of meclofenoxate in meclofenaxate hydrochloride for injection. The purpose of this work was to establish two simple and rapid analytical methods (DSC and ¹H-NMR) for determination of meclofenoxate in meclofenaxate hydrochloride for injection.

2. Experimental

2.1. Apparatus and Reagents

Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph (Dionex, USA); Linseis DSC-PT10 differential scanning calorimetry instrument (Germany); Sartorius pB-10 pH meter; Brucker AVANCEⅡ400 NMR spectrometer (Bruker, USA); Mettler Toledo AB135-S electronic balance (Mettler, German); Shimadzu AUY120 electronic balance; Millipore pure water instrument.

Octane sulfonate (batch no. 30204861), mannitol (batch no. 980708) and phosphoric acid (batch no. 10015418) were purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The maleic acid (purity 99.0%) was purchased from Sigma, USA. D2O (D, 99.9%) was from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., UK. Acetonitrile was HPLC grade from Merck, German. High-purity water was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA, Milli-Q filtered, 18.2 MΩ/cm). The meclofenoxate hydrochloride bulk drug was from Shanghai Wandai Pharmacaceutical Co., Ltd. The meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection was from Hunan Wuzhoutong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Hunan, China).

2.2. HPLC Determination

The experiment was performed using an online degasser, an autosampler and a Phenomenex luna C18 Column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.). The chromatographic elution was accomplished isocratically with Octanesulfonate solution (0.05 mol/l, pH 2.5)-ACN (65:35 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The temperature was maintained at 30˚C and the injection volume was 20 μL. DAD detection was achieved in the range of 200 - 800 nm, 225 nm results were used for quantitative purposes.

Octanesulfonate solution (0.05 mol/l, pH 2.5): Weigh 10.81 g of Octanesulfonate, transfer into a beaker, add an appropriate amount of water to dissolve, adjust to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid solution and add water to make 1000 ml. The prepared solution was filtered with 0.22 μm membrane.

Mixed solvent (ACN:H₂O = 6:4): Mix 200 ml of water adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid solution with 300 ml of acetonitrile.

Weigh 25 mg of meclofenoxate hydrochloride bulk drug, transfer into a 25 ml volumetric flask, add acetonitrile to a constant volume is 25 ml and filter with 0.45 μm organic membrane to make 1 mg/ml meclofenoxate hydrochloride solution. Take appropriate amounts of the solution in 10 ml volumetric flasks to make 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.0312 mg/ml meclofenoxate hydrochloride standard solution.

Weigh 25 mg of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection, transfer into a 25 ml volumetric flask, add mixed solvent to a constant volume is 25 ml and filter with 0.45 μm organic membrane.

2.3. DSC Determination

Nitrogen (99.999% purity) was the purge gas flowing at 10 ml/min. Samples of 1 - 3 mg were weighed into aluminum pans and covers were hermetically sealed into place. An empty, hermetically sealed aluminum pan was used as reference. Samples were preheated at 50˚C and were heated to 250˚C at a rate of 10˚C/min.

2.4. ¹H-NMR Determination

Sample solutions were 29.60 mg/ml and the internal standard solution of maleic acid was 2.63 mg/ml; the solvent was D₂O. The experiments were carried out with the following parameters optimized for qNMR: 90˚ pulse of 11.10 usec, delay of 20 s, 16 scans and gain of 10. Phase and baseline corrections were done manually.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. HPLC Determination

Six concentrations ranging from 0.0312 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml were used to obtain the calibration curve. A straight line with an excellent correlation coefficient with negligible deviations from linearity at low and high concentrations was obtained. The linear equation was Y = 712.13X − 1.5178 (R² = 1). X is concentration and Y is peak area. The UV chromatogram of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection is shown in Figure 2. The content of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection is 38.8% calculated by the linear equation.

3.2. DSC Determination

The meclofenoxate hydrochloride bulk drug was determined in the different weight to get the relationship between the melting energy and the weitht of meclofenoxate hydrochloride. Figure 3 gave the calibration curves as the normalized area of the melting peaks (Energy) and plotted against the weight of meclofenoxate hydrochloride. The energy of meclofenoxate hydrochloride is proportional to its weight (range from 1.0 to 3 mg). The linear equation was y = 136.31x + 5.6819. The y is energy and the x is weigh. The correlation coefficient of the best-fit line was 0.9982, indicating a linear correlation between the energy and the weight of meclofenoxate hydrochloride. Based on this single set of data, DSC appeared to be a suitable technique for the detection of meclofenoxate hydrochloride.

The mixtures of meclofenoxate hydrochloride and mannitol were made over the range of 35% to 52% w/w meclofenoxate hydrochloride respectively. The content of meclofenoxate hydrochloride was determined by DSC method. Table 1 gave a comparison between the theoretical meclofenoxate hydrochloride content and determined meclofenoxate hydrochloride content in mixtures by DSC method. The recoveries of meclofenox-ate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection were from 98.3% to 102.3% (n = 3).

Figure 4 gave DSC curves of the meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection. The content of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection was 39.3% by the linear equation of quantitative DSC method.

3.3. ¹H-NMR Determination

For quantitative methods, the internal standard method is used widely at present. The purity of the analyte can be calculated as follows [9] :

(1)

where M_x and M_Std are the molar masses of the analyte and the standard, respectively, m is the weighed mass of the investigated sample, m_Std and P_Std are the weighed mass and the purity of the standard, and N_Std and I_Std correspond to the number of spins and the integrated signal area of a (typical) NMR line of the standard.

The most important conditions for an internal standard are its solubility and its chemical interaction with the analyte. Maleic acid is easily solved in D₂O and the chemical shift is 6.319 which best separated with meclofenoxate showed in Figure 5. Furthermore, there is no chemical interaction between them. Therefore, maleic acid is selected as the internal standard.

The ¹H NMR data of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection is shown in Table 2. The monitor signal is chosen as the one that is best separated from the other signals for meclofenoxate in the experiment. Five monitor signals of meclofenoxate are selected for quantization (Table 3). As shown in Table 3, the content of meclofenoxate hydrochloride in sterile powder for injection was 39.1% by the internal standard method of quantitative NMR. The quantitation of meclofenaxate was reproducible and the relative standard deviation is 1.0%.

We compare the different method for the determination of meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection in Table 4. According to the result of HPLC, the content of meclofenoxate hydrochloride determinated by the other two methods (DSC and NMR) was accurate.

4. Conclusion

The determination of active content of compounds in pharmaceutical preparations of meclofenoxate is often achieved by HPLC. In this paper, we reported two simple, precise, and accurate methods for the determination of meclofenoxate content in meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection. There is no sample pretreatment and sample hydrolyzation in the DSC determination. The advantages of quantitative NMR include simple sample

preparation and a rather quick and easy analysis. Therefore, the DSC and NMR method could be the complementation with the HPLC method for the assay of meclofenoxate content in meclofenoxate hydrochloride for injection.

Acknowledgements

The study was financed by the graduate research and innovation funding (14KY0412). We would like to thank Shanghai University of Engineering Science for financial support.

Cite this paper

PeipeiZhang,TingtingLiu,XuejiaoXu,ShuyuLiu,DongyingChen, (2016) Determination of Meclofenoxate Content in Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride for Injection by DSC and ¹H-NMR. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry,07,92-98. doi: 10.4236/ajac.2016.71009

References

NOTES

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