
R. SENANI ET AL. 291
the advantages of independent tunability of BW or Qo
which is not feasible in the quoted circuit of [6] which
also needs two outputs to implement APF. Our FDCCII
has nine terminals in contrast to the FDCCII in [6] which
has eleven terminals to implement the biquad filter.
The comparison with [9] and [10] is now in order, The
circuit of [9] (Figure 8 there in) is also current-mode
MISO type and uses five grounded passive elements but
used two FDCCIIs (the first has ten terminals and the
other has nine terminals to implement the biquad filter)
and not independent tunability of BW or Qo.
The circuit of [10] although uses one FDCCII (eleven
terminals to implement the biquad filter in current –mode
and voltage mode) but has one floating resistance and
needs two outputs to implement LPF and APF.
5. Concluding Remarks
A method has been presented by which the FDCCII-
based CM SRCOs of [2] can be reconfigured as
MISO-type universal biquads offering realizations of all
the five standard filter functions also, thereby enhancing
their capabilities. One exemplary biquad resulting from
the application of the proposed method was presented
and its workability was demonstrated by SPICE simula-
tion using an FDCCII implementation in 0.35 μm CMOS
technology.
The methodology presented here could also be applied
to all other SRCOs published earlier using other kinds of
active building blocks thereby giving rise to a large
number of new MISO-type CM universal biquads, some
of which may possess some interesting features. This,
however, is left for further investigations.
6. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank an anonymous reviewer for his
constructive feedback, which has been helpful in im-
proving the presentation. The material presented here has
its origin in an earlier unpublished report2 of Analog Sig-
nal Processing Research Lab of NSIT, where part of this
work was performed.
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