Open Journal of Geology
Vol.06 No.08(2016), Article ID:69819,11 pages
10.4236/ojg.2016.68059

Petrophysical Evaluation and the Effect of Shale Layers on Net Pay Zone Thickness in the Marun Oil Field, Iran

Saeed Tajali, Mehran Arian*

Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Received 22 June 2016; accepted 14 August 2016; published 17 August 2016

ABSTRACT

The Marun oil field is situated on the eastern part of Zagros, Iran. Aghajari Formation is cropping out on the surface. The Asmari formation, the Bangestan and Khami Groups are the Main reservoirs in this field and Asmari formation is the most important reservoir. Dolomitic carbonates are dominant lithology in the study well. Increasing of shale Layers in different layers caused to decrease of brittle property and this condition had investigated by petrophysical evaluation. According to this research, near to 29 percent shale has mixed with sandstone rock units in the study well which is comparable with maximum porosity there. Because, sandstone layers have shown the best porosity (near to 26 percent) in the study well. Also, good rocks based on water saturation and porosity are situated in sandstone units and poor rocks have existed in the limestone- dolomites. Therefore, facies changes in the Asmari formation can explain the observed variations in reservoir quality in the study area.

Keywords:

Asmari Formation, Marun Oil Field, Petrophysical Evaluation, Well Logging

1. Introduction

The Marun oil field has located in the south east of Ahwaz city on the south west of Iran. It has got 65 Km length and 8 Km width on the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt. The Oligocene-lower Miocene [1] - [4] limestones and sandstone of the Asmari formation are the most important reservoirs in Iran.

The formation is categorized as the main reservoir of so many fields in the south western Iran. In general, due to its importance in petroleum geology, the study of Asmari formation has been always considered as an area of interest for many researchers. The formation consists of 300 - 500 meters thick gray limestone, with shale and clay beds in this area.

According to [5] , Marun Anticline is a fault (thrust) related fold with faulted Detachment Fold mechanism. Two major fractures system in the Marun oil field could be recognized which are regional fractures (with east-west trending) and local fractures (fold and bending related fractures). The main fractured sectors, Marun Anticline, are being seen in the southern limb and the eastern part of northern limb by curvature investigation (by Differential and Graphical methods). The results of Iso-permeability, RFT, PI maps are consisted with the results of fracture study in order to identify fractured sectors in the Marun Anticline.

1.1. Location

The numerous studies of the Zagros, Iran which have been made, relatively little has been published concerning the Petrophysical evaluation and the effect of shale layers on net pay zone thickness of Marun oil field. Marun oil field is situated on the eastern part of Dezful Embayment zone (Zagros). Aghajari Formation is cropping out on the surface. Asmari formation, Bangestan and Khami Groups are the Main reservoirs in this field.

1.2. Geology Setting

The study area has situated on Zagros province. Dominant structural trends in Zagros province are NW-SE in northwestern part and E-W in southeastern part. From tectonics view, it contains the overthrust and simple fold belts of Zagros that formed on the northeastern part of Arabian plate’s passive margin. Zagros Mountains have continued to East Taurus Mountains in Turkey and have named Zagros-East Taurus hinterland. Zagros-East Taurus hinterland is external platform (fold and thrust belt) of north margin of Arabian Craton. The vergence of folding in this hinterland is toward south and southwest [6] - [8] .

2. Materials and Methods

For the preparation of the porosity from the density log, consideration of matrix values and fluid properties are necessary. Also, shale properties must be considered for sedimentary sequences for each interval [9] was obtained from well data. These values were then adjusted and corrected based on the data sources by use of Schlumberger charts. The chart is used to convert density to porosity. Values of log-derived bulk density (ρb) corrected for borehole size, matrix density to the formation (ρma), and fluid density (ρf) are used to determine the density porosity (φD) of logged formation.

The is the density of the fluid saturating the rock immediately surrounding the borehole and it can be show by below formula no. 1 [10] ;

. (1)

Then, ranges porosity (Figure 1) and water saturation (Figure 2), have prepared for all intervals of the well.

The rock types were determinate based on the porosity and water saturation for all intervals of the well by use of Table 1.

The net thickness (hnet = 368.04) was calculated by remove of the shale, Dense Rock and Wet Rock intervals. Then charts of shale volume percent, the corrected and measured porosity were prepared (Figure 3 and Figure 4).

The corrected net to gross thickness ((hnet/gross)corrected) and corrected average of porosity ((φave) corrected) have calculated by [10] - [18] use of below formulas no. (2)-(4):

(2)

(3)

. (4)

Figure 1. The corrected porosity chart of the study well.

Figure 2. The corrected water saturation (SWc) and water saturation (SW) charts of the study well.

Table 1. The rock types based on water saturation and porosity.

Figure 3. The percent of shale volume graph in the study well.

Then, the corrected average of water saturation ((SWave)corrected) has calculated by use of below formula no. (5):

. (5)

And finally, the corrected net hydrocarbon column ((N・H・C) corrected) has calculated by use of below formula no. (6):

. (6)

3. Results and Discussion

The study area is situated in Zagros fold and thrust belt (Figure 1). From tectonics view, it contains orogenic belt of Arabian plate. Based on previous work on the salt and mud diapirism [19] - [33] and neotectonic regime in Iran [34] - [39] , Zagros is the most active zone [40] - [67] . Then, Alborz [68] - [109] and Central Iran [110] - [127] have been situated in the next orders. Therefore, active tectonics have got an important rule on the petrophysical properties of Asmari formation in the study area. The results of petrophysical evaluation have been shown in Table 2.

The calculated values for the net thickness (hnet), average porosity (φave), average of water saturation (SWave), the net to gross thickness (hnet/hgross) and the net hydrocarbon column (N・H・C) as normal and corrected have presented in details. They are showing that the corrected values are less than normal values and the corrections must be consider in petrophysical evaluations of hydrocarbon wells. Also, lithologic distribution related to lithology percent, shale percent and porosity percent have shown in Figure 5. They have shown that limestone is the dominant rock in this reservoir and sandstone layers have got the maximum porosity. Figure 6 is showing that near to 29 percent shale has mixed with sandstone rock units in the study well that consist with maximum porosity there (near to 26 percent).

4. Conclusions

The Limestones, Dolomites and Shale are dominant lithology in the study well at Asmari reservoir of the Marun oil field, Zagros Iran. The values for the net thickness (Hnet), average porosity (φave), average of water saturation (SWave), the net to gross thickness (hnet/hgross) and the net hydrocarbon column (N・H・C) as normal and corrected

Figure 4. The corrected porosity and measured porosity graphs in the study well.

Table 2. The petrophysical properties of Asmari formation in the study well.

Figure 5. Lithology distribution related to lithology percent, shale percent and porosity percent.

Figure 6. Lithology distribution related to the rock type percent. The good, fair and poor rocks have shown with red, blue and black colors, respectively.

were calculated. They are showing that the corrected values are less than normal values and the corrections must be considered in petrophysical evaluations of the hydrocarbon wells.

Based on this research, 28.54 percent shale has mixed with sandstone rock units in the study well which is comparable with maximum porosity there. Because, sandstone layers have shown the best porosity (25.71 percent) in the study well. Also, based on water saturation and porosity, good rocks are situated in sandstone units and poor rocks have existed in the limestone-dolomites layers. Therefore, facies changes in the Asmari Formation can explain the observed variations in reservoir quality in the study area.

Acknowledgements

This study was conducted as a part of M.Sc. degree granted by Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Iran. The author would like to acknowledge, with deep appreciation and gratitude, invaluable help of the staff of Research & Development Department and experts of Iranian Offshore Oil Company & Schlumberger Company for providing us with guidance, required data, and well data.

Cite this paper

Saeed Tajali,Mehran Arian, (2016) Petrophysical Evaluation and the Effect of Shale Layers on Net Pay Zone Thickness in the Marun Oil Field, Iran. Open Journal of Geology,06,763-773. doi: 10.4236/ojg.2016.68059

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  88. 88. Razaghian, G. and Arian, M. (2015) The Emergent Salt Diapirs in the East Zagros, Iran. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 718-726.

  89. 89. Arian, M. and Pourkermani, M. (2004) Structural Significance of North Semnan and Attary Faults in Alborz-Central Iran Border Zone. Journal of Sciences, 14, 4551-4569.

  90. 90. Arian, M. and Pourkermani, M. (2005) Cenozoic Diastrophism and Deformational Events in the Southern Flank of Central-East Alborz. Journal of Faculty Earth Sciences, 10, 43-51.

  91. 91. Sadeghi, R., Saeedi, A., Arian, M., Ghorashi, M. and Solgi, A. (2015) Comparison of Strain Ellipsoid Shape in the South of Ardabil Range (NW), Based on the Results of the Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy and Paleostress Methods. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 611-622.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.59054

  92. 92. Arian, M., Pourkermani, M., Qorashi, M. and Ghasemi, M.R. (2003) North Semnan Fault System and Its Role on Basin Division. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Geological Society of Iran, Shahrood, 4-6 September 2003, 11-17.

  93. 93. Pourkermani, M. and Arian, M. (2001) Structural Geomorphology of Northeastern Kurdistan. Journal of Humanities, 7, 37-48.

  94. 94. Mardani, Z., Ghorashi, M. and Arian, M. (2011) Geomorphic Signatures of Active Tectonics in the Talaghanrud, Shahrudand Sefidrud Drainage Basins in Central Alborz, N Iran. Geosciences, 20, 159-166.

  95. 95. Sorbi, A., Arian, M. and Pourkermani, M. (2011) The Application of Geomorphic Indices to the Assessment of Relative Tectonic Activity Levels in Tehran Quadrangle. Journal of the Earth, 6, 1-9.

  96. 96. Khavari, R., Ghorashi, M., Arian, M. and Khosrotehrani, K. (2010) Geomorphic Signatures of Active Tectonics in the Karaj Drainage Basin in South Central Alborz, N Iran. Geosciences, 19, 67-74.

  97. 97. Mousavi, E.J. and Arian, M. (2015) Tectonic Geomorphology of Atrak River, NE Iran. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 106-114.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.53010

  98. 98. Nouri, R., Jafari, M.R., Arian, M., Feizi, F. and Afzal, P. (2013) Correlation between Cu Mineralization and Major Faults Using Multifractal Modelling in the Tarom Area (NW Iran). Geologica Carpathica, 64, 409-416.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2013-0028

  99. 99. Nouri, R., Jafari, M.R., Arian, M., Feizi, F. and Afzal, P. (2013) Prospection for Copper Mineralization with Contribution of Remote Sensing, Geochemical and Mineralographical Data in Abhar 1:100,000 Sheet, NW Iran. Archives of Mining Sciences, 58, 1071-1084.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0074

  100. 100. Nouri, R., Afzal, P., Arian, M., Jafari, M. and Feizi, F. (2013) Reconnaissance of Copper and Gold Mineralization Using Analytical Hierarchy Process in the Rudbar 1:100,000 Map Sheet, Northwest Iran. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, 49, 9-19.

  101. 101. Farrokhnia, A.R., Pirasteh, S., Pradhan, B., Pourkermani, M. and Arian, M. (2011) A Recent Scenario of Mass Wasting and Its Impact on the Transportation in Alborz Mountains, Iran Using Geo-Information Technology. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 4, 1337-1349.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-010-0238-7

  102. 102. Arian, M. and Nouri, R. (2015) Lineament Tectonics and Mineralization in Tarom Area, North Iran. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 115-124.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.53011

  103. 103. Feizi, F. and Arian, M. (2011) The Role of Structural Controllers in Geneses of Copper Deposits in 1:50000 Map of Saiin Qaleh. Journal of Sciences, 21, 1-10.

  104. 104. Arian, M., Qorashi, M. and Ahmadnia, A. (2003) Analysis of Behbahan Shear Zone. Iranian Journal of Geology, 1, 1-4.

  105. 105. Bahiraee, S., Arian, M., Qorashi, M. and Solgi, M. (2015) The Movement Potential Evaluation of the Mosha Fault (The West of Firoozkuh to the Shahrestanak). Geosciences, 24, 123-126.

  106. 106. Bagha, N., Ghorashi, M., Arian, M., Pourkermani, M. and Solgi, A. (2015) Neotectonic Analysis of Mosha-North Tehran Fault Zone, Based on Morphotectonic Features, Central Alborz, Northern Iran. Geosciences, 24, 41-52.

  107. 107. Mosavi, E. and Arian, M. (2015) Neotectonics of Kashaf Rud River, NE Iran by Modified Index of Active Tectonics (MIAT). International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 776-794.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2015.67063

  108. 108. Nouri, R. and Arian, M. (2015) Structural Control on the Distribution of Hydrothermal Alteration Zones and Mineralization in Dastjerdeh Area Based on Remote Sensing Data, NW Iran. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 9, 79-86.

  109. 109. Khosroshahizadeh, S., Pourkermani, M., Almasiyan, M., Arian, M. and Khakzad, A. (2015) Evaluation of Structural Patterns and Related Alteration and Mineralization Zones by Using ASAR-ASTER Imagery in Siyahrood Area (East Azarbaijan—NW Iran). Open Journal of Geology, 5, 589-610.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.59053

  110. 110. Sistanipour, A. and Arian, M. (2015) Geometric Analysis of Davaran Fault System, Central Iran. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 458-469.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.56043

  111. 111. Nazemi, M., Ghorashi, M., Ghassemi, M.R. and Arian, M. (2015) Morphotectonics Features of Alluvial Fans Associated with Active Tectonics (Shotori Mountains, East of Tabas-Central Iran). Geosciences, 24, 91-100.

  112. 112. Alizadeh, H. and Arian, M. (2015) Rule of Structural Factors in Formation of Porphyry Copper Deposits in South Western Part of Kerman Area, Iran. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 489-498.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.57045

  113. 113. Mosavi, E.J. and Arian, M. (2015) Neotectonics of Tabas Area, Central Iran by Index of Active Tectonics (IAT). Open Journal of Geology, 5, 209-223.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.54019

  114. 114. Daryani, N.J., Arian, M. and Omran, N.R. (2015) Tectonics and Mineralization of Copper in the Ardestan-Kahang Area, Central Iran by Remote Sensing. Open Journal of Geology, 5, 188-196.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.54017

  115. 115. Arian, M. and Pourkermani, M. (2001) Rivers Morphology and Active Tectonic (Reviewing the Current Status of Ghezel Ozon River in the Province of Zanjan). Proceedings of the 5th Conference of Geological Society of Iran, Tehran, 28-30 August 2001, 556.

  116. 116. Eshghi, Z., Arian, M. and Pourkermani, M. (2012) Structural Investigation on the Lak Mining Area (Bueen Zahra) Based on Remote Sensing, Used for Its Mineralization. Journal of the Earth, 6, 145-155.

  117. 117. Arian, M., Toudeshki, V.H. and Noroozpour, H. (2011) Active Tectonics of Qezel Ozan River Basin, NW Iran. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 1, 291-295.

  118. 118. Alizadeh, H., Arian, M., Lotfi, M., Ghorashi, M. and Ghorbani, M. (2015) Determination of Porphyry Copper Deposit Locations Using Photo Lineament Factor in Northern Parts of the Dehaj-Sardoiyeh Belt. Geosciences, 24, 247-252.

  119. 119. Toudeshki, V.H., Pourkermani, M., Arian, M. and Khosrotehrani, K.H. (2011) Influence of Structures on the Ghezel Ozan River. Geosciences, 21, 55-60.

  120. 120. Toudeshki, V.H. and Arian, M. (2011) Morphotectonic Analysis in the Ghezel Ozan River Basin, NW Iran. Journal of Geography and Geology, 3, 258-260.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v3n1p258

  121. 121. Arian, M. (2015) Seismotectonic-Geologic Hazards Zoning of Iran. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 19, 7-13.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n1.40664

  122. 122. Arian, M., Pourkermani, M., Sistanipour, A. and Noroozpour, H. (2011) Kinematic Significance of Fold- and Fault-Related Fracture Systems in the Rafsanjan’s Northeast Highlands (Central Iran). Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1, 3398-3406.

  123. 123. Arian, M., Pourkermani, M., Sistanipour, A. and Noroozpour, H. (2011) Seismicity and Fault Segmentation of Bafq-Baghin Fault System (Central Iran). Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 1, 382-396.

  124. 124. Mosavi, E.J., Arian, M., Ghorashi, M. and Nazemi, M. (2012) Measurements of Geomorphic Indices in Tabas Area. Journal of the Earth, 7, 213-225.

  125. 125. Arian, M. (2010) Earthquake-Fault Hazard Investigations in the Kerman Quadrangle. Journal of Sciences, 19, 176-182.

  126. 126. Arian, M. and Sorbi, A. (2011) Remote Sensing Investigation of the Faults and Lineaments in the Karaj-Qazvin Region. Journal of the Earth, 5, 21-34.

  127. 127. Arian, M., Alizadeh, H. and Noroozpour, H. (2011) Satellite Geometry of Faults and Fractures and Its Relationship with Porphyry Deposits in Northern Parts of Dahaj-Sardoiyeh Belt, South of Iran. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4, 1303-1306.

NOTES

*Corresponding author.