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100
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Number of Dead Nodes
Number of Rounds
LEACH
LEACH- C
improved LEACH
[6] X. F. Li, L. Z. Xu and H. B. Wang, “A Differential Evo-
lution-Based Routing Algorithm for Environmental Moni-
toring Wireless Sensor Networks,” Sensors, Vol. 10, No.
6, 2010, pp. 5425-5442.
[7] H. B. Wang, Y. L. Zhong, J. H. Zhang, X. J. Yan, L. Z.
Xu, “Based on Sleep Scheduling for Wireless Sensor
Networks Clustering Protocol,” Microelectronics & Com-
puter, Vol. 27, No. 8, 2010, pp. 226-229.
[8] O. Younis and S. Fahmy, “HEED: A Hybrid, Energy
Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad-Hoc
Sensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Com-
puting, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2004, pp. 660-669.
doi:10.1109/TMC.2004.41
[9] A. B. M. A. Al Islam, C. S. Hyder, H. Kabir and M.
Naznin, “Finding the Optimal Percentage of Cluster Heads
from a New and Complete Mathematical Model on
LEACH,” Wireless Sensor Network, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2010,
pp. 129-140.
Figure 7. The number of rounds and dead nodes of three
algorithms. [10] J. Zhu, J. Li and H. Gao, “Tasks Allocation for Real-
Time Applications in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks
for Energy Minimization,” 8th ACIS International Con-
ference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence,
Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD
2007), Qingdao, 30 July-1 August 2007, pp. 20-25.
network. Therefore, it can not be applied to the water-
environment monitoring network, which is real-time sys-
tem with a large range to collect, transmit, analyze and
process water-environment parameters. In this paper, an
improved LEACH algorithm, LEACH-HEFA (LEACH-
Head Expected Frequency Appraisal) algorithm is pro-
posed based on the idea of cluster-head expected fre-
quency appraisal. If the node has higher residual energy,
it will have more probability to be selected as cluster-
head, which balances node energy effectively. Simula-
tion results show that LEACH-HEFA algorithm is suit-
able to the WMN. It also can equalize the energy con-
sumption of the nodes in the network and prolong the
network lifetime significantly.
[11] G. Anastasi, M. Conti, M. Di Francesco and A. Passarella,
“Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks,” A
Survey, Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2009, pp. 537-
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[12] P. Tillapart, T. Thumthawatworn and P. Pakdeepinit,
“Method for Cluster Heads Select Ion in Wireless Sensor
Network,” Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Aerospace
Conference, IEEE, Piscataway, 6-13 March 2004, pp.
3615-3623.
[13] B. Nazir and H. Hasbullah, “Energy Balanced Clustering
in Wireless Sensor Network,” 4th International Sympo-
sium on Information Technology 2010 (ITSim’10), Kuala
Lumpur, 15-17 June 2010.
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