Journal of Computer and Communications, 2016, 4, 1-6
Published Online March 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jcc
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2016.43001
How to cite this paper: Kabonzo, F.M. and Peng, Y.F. (2016) Adaptive Performance Improvement of Fiber Bragg Grating in
Radio over Fiber System. Journal of Computer and Communications, 4, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2016.43001
Adaptive Performance Improvement
of Fiber Bragg Grating in Radio
over Fiber System
Fabrice Mfuamba Kab on zo *, Yunfeng Peng
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
Received 6 November 2015; a ccep ted 26 February 2016; published 2 March 2016
Abstract
The combination of Radio Frequency and Optical Fiber has resulted high capacity transmission at
lower costs components and makes Radio over Fiber as a current trend of large broadband com-
munication. In Fiber optics field, the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) was been proposed in recent
research with different purpose of uses. However, the compensation of dispersion method of Fiber
Bragg Grating (FBG) can boost significantly the system performance. This paper investigates the
performance capacity improvement of adaptive Radio over Fiber system. The system design was
performed using OptiSystem 7.0 software, which 10 Gb/s Non Return to Zero (NRZ) signal was
launched into 50 Km Universal Mode Fiber and Fiber Bragg Grating was used as a compensator of
dispersion before frequency up conversion. Therefore, the system performances were investi-
gated by comparing the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q-factors of Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN) and
Ultrafast Avalanche Photodiode (APD) as optical receivers. The Eye diagram analyzer showed ac-
ceptable improvement due to use of Fiber Bragg Grating as a compensator of dispersion.
Keywords
Radio over Fiber (RoF), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF), Positive
Intrinsic Negative (PIN), Ultrafast Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
1. Introduction
Radio over Fiber is becoming increasingly important for wireless communication in order to support the big data
traffic volumes. Currently the integration of Radio Frequency and optical fiber provide enormous bandwidth and
reduce significantly the power consumption compared to the others technologies.
Dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is currently used as the standard solution for dispersion compensation
in long distance transmission, since it matched the dispersion cancellation with negligible cascading impair-
ments [6]. However the transmission of light over Dispersion compensating fiber component is limited due to
input power to avoid nonlinear impairments that create a high insertion loss over the link. Therefore, Chirped
*Corresponding author.

F. M. Kabonzo, Y. F. Peng
2
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) possibly replaces DCF as a standard solution for line dispersion compensation.
Fibers Bragg Grating (FBG) has negligible nonlinearity, low insertion loss and small size sits can possibly
impact the system performance and boost the network capacity when used in two different scenarios methods
either as a dispersion compensator for long distance fiber network or when used for routing wavelength in Wa-
velength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems. In both areas, Fiber Bragg Grating can easily impact the sys-
tem performance especially when the grating is chirped [1]. The highly selective filtering capabilities of Fiber
Bragg Grating combined with its all fiber configuration and flexibility make this technology an ideal candidate
for the current and next generation networks [2].
The dispersion compensation of FBG has been demonstrated over 72 Km fiber link leading to error free
transmission of 10 G/bit signal in [3] and also the feasibility of long haul Wavelength Division Multiplexing
optical transmission using Fiber Bragg Grating.
This paper investigates the performance improvement of Fiber Bragg Grating in adaptive Radio over Fiber
system as considered in [1] and [3]. The scenario solution of long distance link, WDM-RoF system was consi-
dered since Radio over Fiber offers lower attenuation loss, better coverage and increased capacity and also is
also resistant to Radio Frequency Interferences. The section II discusses the propose work regarding the disper-
sion compensation using FBG configuration in adaptive Radio over Fiber system.
2. Proposed System
The chromatic dispersion is a major issue in the Single Mode Fiber when the signals are transmitted over long
distance. The main raison of the proposed system model was to analyze the performance of Fiber Bragg Grating
as a compensator of dispersion in Radio over Fiber system. In the system designed, the 10 Gb/s Non Return to
Zero (NRZ) signal was launched onto 50 Km using Single Mode Fiber (SMF) and the power splitter was used to
split the signal into four channels before the frequency up conversion. PRBS (Pseudo Random Bit Sequence)
generates the Sequence of Bit Radom. The optical Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) was used to modulate the
optical source and frequency data together. The continuous wave (CW) was used to provide optical carrier with
responsively of 1 W as illustrated in Figure 2. The optical signal was transmitted over 50 Km Universal single
mode fiber and amplified up to 20 dB due to loss power over long distance transmission. Therefore, at the re-
ceiver part the use of power splitter was to split the input signal into four optical signal output. These optical
signals are then passed through the optical band pass filters to select the wavelength in frequency of 10 GHz.
The use of Fiber Brag Grating in the system proposed in Figure 1 is for compensate the dispersion effect of
adaptive Radio over Fiber over long distance transmission.
3. Simulation and Discussions
The system designed was performed using OptiSystem software version 7.0. The Figure 2 and Figure 3, dem-
onstrated the performance improvement of Fiber Brag Grating when the line of dispersion was compensated at
the Optical receivers. Therefore, at the receivers the results output was validated by analyzed the Q-factor and
Bit Error Rate of two different optical detectors with and without using Fiber Bragg Grating device.
Figure 1. Block diagram of our proposed Adaptive RoF system with FBG.
PRBS
NRZ
PULSE
GENERATOR
MZM
CW
APD
FBG
PIN
BP
Gaussian
3R
GENERATOR
BER
ANALYSER
APD BP
Gaussian
3R
GENERATOR
BER
ANALYSER
BP
Gaussian
FBG PIN BP
Gaussian
3R
GENERATOR
BER
ANALYSER
3R
GENERATOR
BER
ANALYSER
POWER
SPLITTER
OA

F. M. Kabonzo, Y. F. Peng
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Figure 2. Simulation schematic of RoF transmitter part.
Figure 3. Simulation schematic of RoF receiver part with fiber Bragg grating.
In this paper, the simulation approach was performed in two methods, the first was to employ an Ultrafast
Avalanche Photodiode (APD) and the second was to employ Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN) for comparing the
output results of both receivers. The results were evaluated using tree types of analyzers such as optical spec-
trum analyzer, electrical spectrum analyzer and Bit Error Rate analyzer.
Figure 4(a) presents the results output of system based on the eye diagram analyzer of Electrical signal before
employing FBG as compensator of dispersion. Furthermore, Figure 4(b) illustrates the Electrical signal output
after compensation made by FBG with PIN as optical receiver. Moreover, Figure 5(a) and Fig ure 5(b) illustrate
the Electrical signals spectrum before and after using Fiber Bragg Grating as compensator of dispersion with
APD at the receiver. The results of Ultrafast Avalanche Photodiode (APD) and Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN)
as the receivers are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. The resulting output of the BER analyzer shows
the significant improvement when APD was used with FBG on the channel. Moreover, when PIN was used as
receiver, the eye diagram has improves by 5 times as illustrated in Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) when the results
was compared with and without FBG. Therefore, when APD was used at the receiver, the Q-factor was im-
proved by a factor close to 8 times as illustrated the Figure 5(a) and Figure 5(b) before and after compensation
made by FBG. The simulation result shows the acceptable performance improvement of the adapting Radio over
Fiber using FBG as a compensator of dispersion.
4. Conclusion
In this paper we analyzed the adaptive performance of Fiber Bragg grating as a compensator of dispersion effect
over Radio over Fiber system. Here, some electronic components have been eliminated such as the need of elec-
trical modulator and optical demultiplexer has replaced by power splitter, which reduce considerably the cost
and complexity of system. In the proposed system, optical signal was directly converted into baseband using
only one optical demodulator at the receiver. The performance of the system was evaluated for 10 Gb/s using

F. M. Kabonzo, Y. F. Peng
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Fig.4(a): PIN Response Before FBG over 50KmFig.4(b): PIN Response After FBG over 50Km
Figure 4. (a) PIN Response before FBG over 50 Km; (b) PIN response after FBG over 50 km.
Figure 5. (a) APD Response before FBG over 50 Km; (b) APD response after FBG over 50 km.
Table 1. Numerical results APD as receiver.
APD Receiver
Without FBG With FBG
Q-Factor 3.5815 8159 15.3956
BER 0.000139952 8.7353e−054
Table 2. Numerical results PIN as receiver.
PIN Receiver
Without FBG With FBG
Q-Factor 3.61174 15.5166
BER 0.000124989 1.3 385
Fig.5(b): APD Response After FBG over 50Km
Fig.5(b): APD Response Before FBG over 50Km

F. M. Kabonzo, Y. F. Peng
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Fiber Bragg Grating as a compensator of dispersion effect over 50 Km Universal Single Mode Fiber (SMF) of
adapting Radio over Fiber System. The Q-factor of the system has been increased by 5 times when an Ultrafast
Avalanche Photodiode (APD) is used at the receiver considerably compared to the system using Positive Intrin-
sic Negative (PIN) as at the receiver. Minimum BER also reduced significantly by using Fiber Bragg Grating,
which is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. However, there are still possibilities to extend the technology by disco-
vering a different component for improving the system capacity in the near future.
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