Journal of Computer and Communications, 2015, 3, 102-106
Published Online May 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jcc
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.35013
How to cite this paper: Wu, X. and Li, S. (2015) Characteristic Analysis of Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance Data in
Substation. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3, 102-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2015.35013
Characteristic Analysis of Transient
Electromagnetic Disturbance Data in
Substation
Xin Wu1, Shu Li2
1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
2Institute of Medical Devices Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
Received March 2015
Abstract
Characteristic analysis of transient electromagnetic disturbance data is very important. In this
paper, the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of transient electromagnetic dis-
turbance caused by switching operations in substations are analyzed. Two methods are adopted in
time-domain analysis. One method is histogram and the other one is normality test. An appropri-
ate procedure for the normality test is proposed. Furthermore, the method used in frequency-
domain analysis is to obtain overall envelope. These statistical characteristic analysis methods are
showed to be of great value in analyses of the measured samples. The simulation results showed
that these methods are effective.
Keywords
Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance, Time-Domain Ch aracteristi c, Frequency Domain
Characteristic, Normality Test
1. Introduction
With the increasing requirements of the electromagnetic environment, electromagnetic compatibility problems
have become the focus of research in electrical and electronic field. In power system, the complex and advanced
equipment cause electromagnetic disturbance produced a more complex, but the ability of advanced equipment
tolerance of electromagnetic disturbance weaker, so the electromagnetic compatibility is an important factor af-
fecting power system safe and reliable production [1]. Electromagnetic compatibility problems appear most
substation which is the main object of study, transient electromagnetic disturbance caused by lightning strike,
fault and switching operation easily through the coupled radiation conduction on the formation of interference
two equipment, cause two equipment damage [2] [3].
With the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of complex electromagnetic transient analysis of
time domain characteristics of harassment, is helpful to obtain harassment amplitude changes with the time and
frequency domain analysis of characteristics in order to provide evidence for shielding and filtering of the two

X. Wu, S. Li
103
device, ensure the normal work of its own [4]-[6]. In this paper, transient electromagnetic disturbance produced
by switching operations in substation to analyze and study, according to the features of time domain and fre-
quency domain for transient electromagnetic disturbance of the actual measurement data was analyzed, the
overall characteristics of transient electromagnetic disturbance is obtained. Because the data is difficult to obtain,
the number of samples is small, this paper focuses on the small sample statistical theory was proposed based on
the normality test method of time domain characteristics. In addition, based on the practical consideration, ac-
cording to the statistical results of the evaluation of the method used by the meaning and practical value.
2. Analysis of Characteristic Parameter
All kinds of transient electromagnetic disturbance quantity substation measure and can be used to evaluate vari-
ous characteristic parameters, including time domain and frequency domain parameters [7]. Below the basic pa-
rameters used in this paper are briefly explained as follows.
1) Micro pulse rise (fall) time Tr: Distance between the instantaneous peak corresponding to the time of the re-
cent peak of 10% and then reached the 90% peak instantaneous time interval, is the peak corresponding to
the rise time, fall time of negative peak corresponding to the fall time
2) Micro pulse duration Tm: The transient wave: start time and end time.
3) The peak to peak value of Um: The absolute duration positive peak and a negative peak difference.
4) The frequency band width of BW: This article from the perspective of immunity test to define the electric
field strength is higher than that of 1 V/m, magnetic field intensity is higher than that of 2.65 mA /m, voltage
disturbance is higher than 1 V, higher than the current interference frequency components included in the
frequency range of 20 mA .
5) The dominant frequency DF: Interference frequency band width in the range of BW is higher than the refer-
ence value, amplitude frequency of 6 dB group.
3. Characteristics Analysis in Time Domain
Analysis of time domain characteristics of transient disturbance can obtain the interference source of strength
and polarity characteristics and duration of important information, but also the design of an important basis for
immunity test. This section of the micro pulse rise (fall) time, micro pulse duration and peak to peak were ana-
lyzed by two methods, one is the histogram statistics, the other is the normality test.
The characteristic parameters obtained by one measurement only, if you want to understand the regularity of
multiple measurements to the overall analysis. This section carries on the overall statistics of the transient dis-
turbance sample of all, and then gets the probability distribution and trend.
Figure 1 shows the probability distribution histogram about characteristic parameters of rise (fall) time and
peak to peak value. Figure 1(a) is the histogram of rise (fall) time, while Figure 1(b) is peak to peak value. As
can be seen from Figure 1, the characteristic parameters of probability are in a range the distribution, which can
be analyzed and obtained the conclusion from it.
Transient electromagnetic disturbance data of switching operation has obvious random character. If by the
time domain characteristics of the whole distribution information, the time domain characteristics can be more
accurately grasp the transient disturbance data. The assumption that the distribution of the sample overall, sup-
pose through the validation of the test method, the most common is the assumption of normality assumption. For
transient electromagnetic disturbance in the substation switching operation caused by, no literature clearly points
out that whether the data obey the normal distribution, so in the test of normality is very necessary.
There are several kinds of normality test methods applied to engineering. According to the design process of
testing different applications need reasonable, balance each method and integration. The analysis of this paper
should be used. Figure 2 is the normality flow chart of the method applied to the test.
The normal probability paper test is rough but very convenient, which can be directly on the sample to give an
approximate evaluation. According to the graphic trend function transformation corresponding to the sample, it
is suitable for the preliminary test. W and D tests are parallel methods, which can be used one according to the
real applicatio n [8]. The two methods take parameters calculated as the judgment basis to make the conclusion.
In the sample by W or D test does not meet the normal requirements of the situation. This method is suitable for
the direction of test. Equation (1) and Equation (2) are the peak K to measure sample data deviate from a distri-
bution.

X. Wu, S. Li
104
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. Probability distribution histogram characteristic pa-
rameters of time domain.
Figure 2. Normality test flow chart.
4
4
()
.
EX
k
µ
σ
−
=
(1 )
3
3
()
.
EX
v
µ
σ
−
=
(2 )
This section of the measured data of characteristic parameters was carried out on the normality test. Figure 3
is the rise (fall) time samples were taken from the normal probability paper test chart Log function transform,
known from test results, as is the logarithmic transformation can be broadly distributed in the fitting line near,
can be considered approximately the normal requirements, a further test value, the other two parameters are also
obtained the same results.
4. Characteristics Analysis in Frequency Domain
The analysis method of this section is to put all the transient disturbance data were carried on the spectrum
050 100 150 200
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Rise (fall) time Tr(ns)
Probability
050100 150 200
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Peak to Peak value Um(V)
Probability

X. Wu, S. Li
105
analysis, and then put them together, for the spectrum amplitude of each frequency point maximum, 80% large
value of envelope and 50% large value envelope. Figure 4 is a measured sample envelope diagram in this paper.
Figure 4(a) is the 80% value envelope, while Figure 4(b) is the 50% value envelope.
From Figure 4, frequency component in the 60 group of transient electromagnetic disturbance is mainly in
the range of 20 - 50 MHz. In the 150 - 800 kHz range has frequency components with larger density. By com-
paring the 3 kinds of envelope, know the low-frequency part component.
Density decreases obviously, in the 100% envelope energy density is the biggest, the band has been expanded
to 15 - 50 MHz, the frequency domain analysis of transient electromagnetic disturbance is very important, in
every switch operation, due to the measurement disturbance level.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under grant
13QN01 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 51407072. The authors wish to ex-
press their gratitude to the editor and the anonymous reviewers.
Figure 3. The normal probability paper test.
(a)
(b)
Figure 4. The envelope in frequency domain.
104105106107108
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
Frequency (Hz)
Amplitude(V/Hz)
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
-6
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
Frequency (Hz)
Amplitude(V/Hz)

X. Wu, S. Li
106
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