S. N. Al-Bahry et al.
Natural process of sludge desiccation has two beneficial environmental elements, reducing microbial patho-
gens from the environment and the benefit of using sludge as fertilizer. However, the use of desiccated sludge
has some adverse environmental conditions such as accumulation of heavy metals in soil and its infiltration of
underground water (Al-Musharafi et al., 2012, 2013a, 2013b). In addition, sludge may contain hydrocarbons,
pesticides, antibiotic residuals and pharmaceuticals. Release of pharmaceuticals and antibiotic residuals through
TSE or sludge to the environment is detrimental and leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microbes
(Al-Bahry et al., 2009, 2012a, 2012b).
One way of eliminating this hazard condition is by spreading the sludge alternatively and rotationally in
farming fields at distance from each other to prevent accumulation of pollutants specifically heavy metals. Also,
the area where the sludge is applied must be tested periodically for the presence of heavy metals and other pol-
lutants.
In conclusion, the presence of natural conditions in Oman, such as prolonged intensive sunlight, high temper-
atures and low relative humidity during most of the year, it would be useful environmental practice for elimi-
nating pathogenic microorganisms from the sewage sludge in Oman.
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