ABSTRACT

The aim of the current work is to synthesize the new heterocyclic pentacyclic condensed systems that combine benzothiophen and benzimidazole/triazole into one molecule. The dibenzothiophene was taken as an initial compound and by consistent “extension” was annihilated the imidazole and triazole nucleuses. As a result two new pentacyclic systems were produced: 3H-, 7H-di- imidazole[4,5-b][5,4-g] dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide and 3H-, 7H-ditria- zole[4,5-b][5,4-g] dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide with the promising antimi- crobial activity. Their spectral characteristics were studied.

Keywords:

Dibenzothiophene Dioxide, Imidazole, Triazole, Pentacyclic Systems

1. Introduction

The world medical practice confirms that the microorganisms and viruses are becoming more and more dangerous to humans. It is impossible to create a vaccine against all infectious diseases. The pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic strains of bacteria causing the infection processes are characterized by a large number of genetic resistance as well as residence in adverse conditions. These genetic monsters represent the products of selection at those massively used antimicrobial and antiviral drugs. Therefore the antimicrobial drugs are periodically changing.

Therefore the synthesis of new compounds and their antimicrobial and antiviral activities study become very important.

The synthesis of the biologically active compounds on the base of heterocyclic compounds is one of the main directions in the search of new drugs. Substances containing heterocyclic fragments quantitatively rank the first in the arsenal of drugs (60%-over). Because the creation of new drug is very important chemical modification of a known physiologically active molecule, which also means combination of two or more pharmacologically active molecules in one molecule that can promote the increase of biological activity of the new molecule and expand the spectrum of its pharmacological action. This article involves the integration into a single molecule of biologically active fragments, such as benzimidazole/benzotriazole on the one hand and benzothiophene on the other hand. Each of these compounds is characterized by a high biologically, especially antiviral and antifungal activity [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] .

2. Results and Discussion

In our previous works were successfully synthesized tetracyclic systems on the base of benzimidazole/benzotriazole and benzothiophene [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . The synthesized compounds revealed high antimicrobial activity in the preliminary study. The current study aimed to create pentacyclic systems where two imidazole/triazole nucleuses would be annihilated with the tricycle system of thiophene.

The dibenzothiophene (1) was taken as an initial compound and after oxygenation?dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide(2) was received [11] (Figure 1). By nitration of compound (2) was received 3-nitro-(3) and 3,7-dinitrodibenzothio- phene-5,5-dioxide (4) in relation of 10% - 75% [12] . The 3,7-diaminodibenzo- thiophene (5) was received from compound (4) by restoring in hydrochloric acid using the zinc dust. The reaction is underway for 40 - 45 minutes in 31% hydrochloric acid with the addition of zinc dust in small portions at boiling conditions. It should be noted that of the reduction reaction is not running at other conditions (Nickel-Rene-hydrazine hydrate) or going with a minor yield (zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid-24%yield). The 3,7-diacetamidodibenzo-thio- phene-5,5-dioxide (6) was received from compound (5) by acylation in acetic acid at boiling condition using acetic anhydride and with consequent nitration (7) with nitric agentnitric and sulfuric acids (1.57 ml H₂SO₄, d = 1.84 and 5.1 ml HNO₃; d = 1.5) and again reduction the 2,8-diamino,-3,7-diacetamidodiben- zothiophenes (8) were received. By hydrolyzing of compound (8) by KOH aqueous solution at ethanol area and boiling conditions was received 2,3,7,8-te- tra-aminodibenzothiophene5,5-dioxide (9). The received tetraamine is the initial compound for further extension of imidazole and triazole. Imidazole containing

pentacyclic system 3H-, 7H-diimidazole[4,5-b][5,4-g]dibenzo-thiophene-5,5- dioxyde (10) was obtained from tetraamines by condensation with formic acid at the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid at the modified Phillips reaction conditions. Triazole containing pentacyclic system 3H-, 7H-ditriazo-le [4,5-b][5,4-g]dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (11) was obtained by reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite with diamine (Figure 2).

The originally synthesized compounds were tested by IR, 1H-PMR and mass- spectroscope methods.

NH₂-groups signal of IR spectra of compounds (8), (9) were observed at 3400 - 3300 cm⁻¹ area, NH- groups signal of IR spectra of compounds (6), (7), (8), (10), (11) were observed at 3440 - 3420 cm⁻¹ area. SO₂-group signals of IR spectra of all the compounds were observed at 1157 - 1140 cm⁻¹ area. CH₃-group signals of IR spectra of compounds (6), (7), (8) were observed at 3245 - 3240 cm⁻¹ area. C = O-group signals of IR spectra of compounds (6), (7), (8) were observed at 1704 -1700 cm⁻¹ area. C=N-group signals of IR spectra of these substances also observed at 1550 - 1535 cm⁻¹ area. Mass spectroscopy data matches the molecular weights of synthesized compounds. 1H-PMR spectroscopy data also confirm the structure of obtained compounds.

3. Experiment

The electronic absorption spectrawere recorded on the device “Varian” Cary100 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. IR spectra were recorded on spectrum meter

“Thermo Nicolet” Avatar 370. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded on spectrometer “Bruker” WM-400 (400 MHz) in DMSO-d⁶, TMS internal standard. Elemental analysis was performed on the analyzer HP-165B CHN. Melting point was defined on the apparatus “Mel-Temp 3.0”. Control of the reaction and purity of the products was carried out on the plates

Dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (2). 18.4 g (0.1 mole) dibenzothiophene (1) was mixed in 100 ml glacial acetic acid and then heated. At the boiling and stirring conditions 30ml of hydrogen peroxide with drops was added and white colored crystals were precipitated. The reaction area was sustained under boiling and stirring processes for 1 hour and was added 10ml of hydrogen peroxide and boiled for 30 minutes again. The mixture was leaved for 24 hours and filtrated. Filter paper remains monoxide and dioxide precipitates out of the filtrate that was processed with water and dried in the neutral area and was crystallized with 96% ethanol. It was received 20.6 g dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide(2). M = 216; C₁₂H₈O₂; Yield: 95.3%. T_m.p = 231˚C, Lit. T_m.p = 232˚C - 233˚C [11] . White needle-like crystals; control-chloroform/ethyl acetate-3/1.

3,7-dinitrodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide(3) and 3-nitro-dibenzothio- phene-5,5-dioxide (4). 11.4 g (0.05 moles) dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide was dissolved in 40 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0˚C temperature. Then was added drops of 34.2 ml smoking nitric acid (d = 1.5). The temperature of 60˚C - 70˚C grades was kept. This mixture was allowed to cool and poured into ice water. The yellow precipitation was filtered, washed by water, dried and crystallized in acetone. During the crystallization in filtrate was precipitated 3,7-dinitrodi- benzothiophen-5,5-dioxide (3), while the filter remains in the 3-dinitrodibenzo- thiophen-5,5-dioxide (4). As a result was obtained 12.2 g 75.5% 3,7-dinitro dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (3) lemon color crystals; M = 306; C₁₂H₆N₂O₆S C₁₂H₇NO₄S; Control-chloroform/ethyl acetate?3/1;(3)-T_m.p = 287˚C - 288˚C. Lit.T_m.p = 290˚C [12] .

3,7-diaminodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide(5). 12.2 g (0.039 moles) 3,7- dinitro-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (3) was mixed with 481 ml 96% ethanol and add 70 ml 31% hydrochloric acid . While boiling and stirring 23.5 g doze of zinc dust was added. Yellow reaction area eventually became transparent red. The reaction took 40 - 45 minutes. Reaction area was filtered, added water and the red precipitation was obtained. The precipitation was filtered and orange filtrate was processed with 40% solution of sodium alkali and was filtrated again. The diamine from the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate. After ethylacetate evaporation was obtained compound (5). The diamines were extracted from filter remaining salts with alcohol, then were precipitated with water, filtered again, washed up to neutral area and dried at room temperature. After crystallization with 96% ethyl alcohol yellow-green color 9.5 g crystals were appeared. M = 246; C₁₂H₁₀N₂O₂S; Control-chloroform. Yield: 96.9% T_m.p = 324˚C - 326˚C. Lit. T_m.p = 327˚C [12] .

3,7-diacetamidodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (6). 1.1 g (0.004 mole) of 3,7-diaminodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (5) was added 68.75 ml (0.3 mole) of glacial acetic acid and boiled under stirring condition. The drops of 0.75 ml (0.03 mole) acetic anhydride was added and beige-yellow color crystals was precipitated. The mixture was kept at stirring and boiling conditions for 30 minutes, was hotly filtered and washed with water up neutral reaction. Then was dried at room temperature and crystalized with alcohol. Control?ethyl acetate: Ether 3:1. Yields: 1.4 g. 95%.T_m.p = 337˚C - 339˚C; M = 330; Anal. Calc. For. C-58.17; H- 4.27; N-8.48; S, 9.71%. C₁₆H₁₄N₂O₄S; Found: C- 58.04; H-4.61; N-8.27; S-9.421%. IR (KBr) ν_max (cm⁻¹): 3440 (NH); 3245 (CH₃); 1704 (C=O); 1550(CN); 1157(SO₂). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) (ppm): 2.09 (3H, s, J = 2.09, COCH₃-2¹, 6¹), 8.08 (1H, s, J_9.1 = 8.13, J_7.8 = 8.13, J_8.5 = 0.91, J_9.3 = 0.91, H-8.9), 8.17 (1H, s, J_1.3 = 2.33, J_7.5 = 2.33, J_1.9 = 8.13, J_7.5 = 2.23, H-1,7), 8.44 (1H, s, J_3.1 = 2.33, J_5.7 = 2.33, J_3.9 = 0.91, J_5.8 = 0.90, H-3,5), 9.89 (1H, bs, NH-2¹,6¹). m/z: 330.07 (100.0%), 331.07 (18.4%), 332.06 (4.5%), 332.07 (2.5%).

2,8-dinitro-3,7-diacetamidodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide(7). 2.1 g (0,006 mole) 3,7-diamino acyl-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide is placed in three-neck flask, (that is equipped with stirring appliance, drop funnel and thermometer) and was added 32 ml (0.7 mole) glacial acetic acid. Then was added mix of sulfur acid and nitric acid (1.57 ml H₂SO₄, d = 1.84 and 5.1 ml HNO₃; d = 1.5) at stirring conditions and 60˚C - 70˚C temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction mass wais moved into glacial glass and reddish crystals was precipitated. The precipitation was filtrated, washed, dried and crystallized into the ethylacetate. M = 420; Control-chloroform/ethylacetate/ether 1:2:1. Yields: 2.5 g. 97%; Reddish crystals. T_m.p = 192˚C - 193˚C. Anal. Calc. For. C₁₆H₁₂N₄O₈S. C- 45.72; H-2.88; N- 13.33; S-7.63%. Found: C-45.92; H-2.67; N-13.25; S-7.47%. IR (KBr) ν_max(cm⁻¹): 3440 (NH) 3245 (CH₃); 1700 (C=O); 1535(CN); 1532 (NO₂); 1140 (SO₂). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) (ppm): 2.11 (3H, s, J = 2.09, COCH₃-2¹, COCH₃-6¹), 8.64 (1H, s, J_3,9 = 0.71, J_5,8 = 0.71, H-3.5), 9.02(1H, d, J_9,3 = 0.71, J_8,5 = 0.71, H-8.9), 10.41(1H, bs, NH-2¹, 6¹). m/z: 420.04 (100.0%), 421.04 (18.5%), 422.03 (4.5%), 422.04 (3.5%), 421.03 (1.5%)

2.8-diamine-3,7-diacetamidodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (8) was synthesized similarly as 3,7-diamino-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (5). Yields: 1.2 g 0.40%; T_m.p = 236˚C - 238˚C. M276. Anal. Calc. For. C₁₆H₁₆N₄O₄S. C-52.16; H- 4.38; N-20.28; S-11.60%. Found: C-52.25; H-4.22; N-20.31; S-11.50%. IR (KBr) ν_max(cm⁻¹): 3440 (NH); 3300 (NH₂); 3240 (CH₃ ); 1700 (C=O); 1530(CN); 1150 (SO₂). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) (ppm): 2.01 (3H, s, J₃ = 2.09, -COCH₃-2¹, -COCH₃-6¹), 6.29 (1H, s, NH-2¹, 6¹), 6.43 (2H, s, NH-1.7). 7.87(1H, d, J_3.9 = 0.72, J_5.8 = 0.72, H-3.5), 8.10(1H, d, J_9.3 = 0.72, J_8.5 = 0.72, H-8.9). m/z: 276.07 (100.0%), 277.07 (15.5%), 278.06 (4.5%), 278.07 (1.5%).

2,3,8,7-tetraaminodibenzothiophenes-5,5-dioxide (9). 0.6 g (0.002 mole) 2.8-diamino-3,7diaminoacyl-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (8) was added into 20 ml ethanol and 5g KOH dissolved in 20ml water. It was kept at stirring and boiling conditions for 30 minutes. Violet crystals were filtrated, washed until neutral reaction and dried. Then it is crystallized in ethyl acetate. Yields: 0.38 g. M = 276; Control-benzol/ether 3:1; 42%; violet crystals. T_m.p = 225˚C - 227˚C. M276. Anal. Calc. For. C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₂S. C-52.16; H-4.38; N-20.28; S-11.60%. Found: C-52.41; H-4.42; N-20.18; S-11.52%. IR (KBr) ν_max (cm⁻¹): 3400, 3300 (NH₂); 1150(SO₂). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) (ppm): 4.87 (2H, d, NH₂- 2,3,6,7), 7.08 (1H, d, J_3.9 = 0.71, J_5.8 = 0.71, H-3.5), 7.66 (1H, d, J_8.5 = 0.71, J_9.3 = 0.71, H-8.9). m/z: 276.07 (100.0%), 277.07 (15.5%), 278.06 (4.5%), 278.07 (1.5%).

3H-, 7H-diimidazole [4,5-b],[5,4-g]-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (10)

0.2 g tetraamine (0.001 mole) (9) was placed in the three-necked flask (that is equipped with dropping funnel and reflux condenser) and added1 ml (0.04 mole) of formic acid and 1ml (0.04 mole) of 31% hydrochloric acid and suspension was boiled during 30 minutes. By adding of 50 ml water obtained suspension was alkalized by ammonium hydroxide, till the ammonia odor appeared. Formed brown crystals were filtered, washed until neutral conditions, dried and crystallized in acetone. Control-ethyl acetate/hexane/ether 5:1:3. Yields: 0.15 g. 70%; Brown crystals. T_m.p = 322˚C - 324˚C.M 296. Anal. Calc. For. C₁₄H₈N₄O₂S. C-56.75; H-2.72; N-18.91; S-10.82%. Found: C-56.66; H-2.62; N-19.00; S-10.65%. IR (KBr) ν_max (cm⁻¹): 3430, 3400 (NH); 1150(SO₂). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d₆) (ppm): 8.10 (1H, d, J_10.8 = 0.06, J_10.6 = 0.91, J_11.4 = 0.91, J_11.2 = 0.06, H-10.11), 8.42 (1H, d, J_4.11 = 0.91, J_6.10 = 0.91, H-4.6), 8.53 (1H, d, J_2.11 = 0.06, J_8.10 = 0.06, H- 2.8), 12.20 (1H, bs, NH-3, NH-7). m/z: 296.04 (100.0%), 297.04 (16.1%), 298.03 (4.5%), 298.04 (1.8%), 297.03 (1.5%).

3H-, 7H-ditriazole[4,5-b][5,4-g] dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (11)

0.2 g tetraamine (0.0007 mol) (9) was placed in the three-necked flask (that is equipped with dropping funnel and reflux condenser) and added 0.36 ml of hydrochloric acid (31%) and 4 ml water. The substance is not soluble in hydrochloric acid and was only bulked up. The solution of 0.1 g sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) and 0.5 ml water was added at the condition of cooling by cold water and rotation. After the addition of nitrite, the color of mixture turned into brown. Approximately after 10 minutes the color became even lighter. Then the mixture was heated for 30 minutes and then was filtered and washed with cold water. The product was subjected to be recrystallized from acetic acid and was washed with ammonia liquor. Control-ether/hexane/ethyl acetate 5/1/3. Yields: 0.168 g. 78%; Brown crystals. T_m.p = 346˚C - 348˚C. M = 298; Anal. Calc. For. C₁₂H₆N₆O₂S. C-48.32; H-2.03; N-28.17; S-10.75%. Found: C-48.25; H-2.23; N-28.11; S-10.62%. IR (KBr)) ν_max(cm⁻¹): 3420, 3390 (NH); 1150(SO₂). ¹H PMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d₆) (ppm): 8.57 (1H, d, J_6,10 = 0.91; J_4,11 = 0.91 H-10.11), 8.80 (1H, d, J_6,10 = 0.91, J_4,11 = 0.91, H-4.6), 11.82 (1H, bs, NH3, NH-7). m/z: 298.03 (100.0%), 299.03 (13.9%), 300.02 (4.6%), 299.02 (2.2%), 300.03 (1.6%).

4. Conclusion

Thus 2,3,7,8-tetramino-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide was received from diben- zothiophene-5,5-dioxide after its consistent transformation that was the initial compound. The pentacyclic heterocyclic condensed systems 3H-, 7H-diimida- zolo [4,5-b][5,4-g]dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide and 3H-, 7H-ditriazolo [4,5-b] [5,4-g]dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide were synthesized at Philips modified reac- tion conditions and also with sodium nitrate and hydrochloride acid influence. The obtained compounds due to antimicrobial activity of their component cycles represent good starting matrix for getting numerous derivatives by entering different substituents. Derivatives can be obtained not only from synthesized cycles but also from various tetraamines by reaction with condensation agents.

Cite this paper

Maisuradze, M., Phalavadishvili, G., Gakhokidze, N., Matnadze, M., Tskhvitaia, S. and Kalandia, E. (2017) Novel Diazole/Triazole and Dibenzothiophene Dioxide Containing Pentacyclic Systems with Promising Biological Activities. International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 7, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2017.71004

References