Vol.3, No.5, 370-381 (2013) Open Journal of Ecology http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.35042 Note on the vegetation of the mounts of tlemcen (Western Algeria): Floristic and phytoecological aspects Brahim Babali*, Abderrahmane Hasnaoui, Nadjat Medjati, Mohamed Bouazza Laboratory of Ecology and Management of the Natural Ecosystems, Department of Ecology and En vi ro n me n t, Aboubakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria; *Corresponding Author: miharb_babali@hotmail.fr Received 5 February 2013; revised 8 May 2013; accepted 8 August 2013 Copyright © 2013 Brahim Babali et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Of the four national hunting reserves in Algeria, the Mounts of Tlemcen Moutas reserve http://reservebio-tlm.com, characterized by a large area, reliefs and a specific climate, implies sig- nificant floristic and faunistic richness. Current- ly, the coexistence of species, such as Quercus faginea subsp. tlemcenensis (DC.) M., Lonicera implexa L., Ruscus aculeatus L., indicates a fo- rest dominant ecological atmosphere, although the region has ex perienced repeated fire s during the 90’s. In this research, a phytoecologicaland syntaxonomical analysis is obvious. More than 300 species have been inventoried and indexed in more than 70 families and this shows the im- portance of phyto-diversity of the studiedregion. In the analysis of the phyto-ecological parame- ters, w e could notice a regression of the vegetal cover in its diversity. Keywords: Biodiversity; Floristic inventory; Phytoecological; Anthropozoological action; Climate; Moutas; Tlemcen 1. INTRODUCTION The currently developed methods of biodiversity ex- tinction have large uncertainties but all converge on ac- celeration whatever would be the economic models. To assess the loss of biodiversity, we worked on the disap- pearance and fragmentation of plant life media (invent- tory of natural habitats). The reserve is particularly sensitive in terms of plant di- versity, it underwent in the past human pressures and sig- nificant fires. The ecological landscape includes different habitats moving to a scrub, with considerable variations. The knowledge of this dynamic and this floristic in- ventory is an important research path for us. Analyses of biodiversity lead in particular to show that the maximum biodiversity is not in the primitive forest sensu stricto, but in the moderately man altered spaces [1]. We will discuss this problem here from floristic in- ventory formed by tree structures and their stages of degradation as it is at this level that th ey can be analyzed. The vegetation of the national parks and natural re- serves in the Mediterranean basin have been studied by many authors like Gruber and Sandoz [2]; Véla et al. [3]; Hill and Véla [4]; Ibn Tattouand & Fennane [5]... and other works in Tlemcen region like those of Benabadji et al. [6]; Mesli et al. [7]; Letreuch-Belarouci et al. [8]; Medjahdi et al. [9] and Bouazza et al. [10]. 2. METHODOLOGY Location and structure of Tlemcen hunting reserve: The study area is located in the western part of North- west Algeria at about 46 km as the crow flies from the sea and 26 km south-west of the city of Tlemcen. The reserve, part of Hafir forest, occupies the highest and most wooded area of the Mounts of Tlemcen. It is lo- cated about 34˚41' to 34˚49' north and 01˚25' to 01˚35' west (Figure 1). It occupies an area of 2156 hain a 15 km perimeter; it is characterized by typically mountainous reliefs of the Tamaksalet massif with a remarkable difference in alti- tude. The altitude is between the extreme points from Ras Torriche 1303 m andthe region of Sidi Messaoud at 1017 m. It is geographically limited: • To the east by the town of Aïn Ghoraba; • In the north-east by the municipality of Sabra; • To the west and northwest by the municipality of Bouhlou; Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 371 Figure 1. Location map. • In the south and southwest by the city of Beni Ba hdel. It receives about 500 m mannual rainfall and shows average temperatures between 6.4˚C (January) and 26.4˚C (July and August). It is classified in the cool win- ter’s sub-humid bioclimatic level with a dry season (5 months) which lasts from June to October. The soils are varied depending on the topography of the region. On the tops, they are not very deep where of-time the bed rock levels. Sometimes deep towards very deep on all along the principal river basins of the hydrographic networ k. In the reserve, the main rocks source is sedimentary: calcareous sandstone, sandy limestones, dolomites and marl [11]. The complete list was made from the following works: Moutas Herbarium which is made up to now more than 220 species recorded by researchers from the labo- ratory of plant/botanical ecology from the University of Tlemcen, Field work du ring 2010, 2011 and 2012, we h ave com- pleted 70 surveys using conventional techniques and me- thods of ecology (inventory, minimum area, transect, flo- ra network...).The method of Braun-Blanquet [12], which is expressed by analytical characteristics: abundance, do- minance and sociab ility on a scale of 1 to 5 to help us to do a thorough analysis of the veg e tation. The basic work used for the identification of taxa col- lected in the field is from the studies done by Quézel &Santa [13]; Battandier & Trabut [14]; Valdéset al. [15]; Blanca et al. [16]; Maire [17] and Dobignard [18]. Scientific Name: the word list adopted is th at of: Index synonymique et bibliographique de la flore d’Afrique du Nord [18] and synonyms from: Nouvelle flore d’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales [13]. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Ecological zoning of the main forest groupings. 3.1. The Oak Forests Four major species of the genus Quercus were found in the reserve: Quercus ilex L., Quercus suber L., Quer- cus coccifera L. and Quercus faginea subsp. tlemcenen- sis (DC.) Maire and Weiller (=Quercus faginea subsp. Broteroi (Coutinho) A. Camus). 3.1.1. Eve r green Oak For est Dominates almost all of the reserve and is character- ized by the evergreen oak presence (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp) within a 942.4 hectares area. The major issues, well developed and characterized by a large trunk, are located at the edges of cultivated lands within the reserve where the soil is deep and very rich in organic matter. These characters change as the altitude increases, the soil becomes shallower and bedrock ap- pears at the surface. In addition, North exposures have a significant contribution to water compensation, allowing the taxa development in integrated settlements linked to Quercetea ilicis [6,19]. The distribution of Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera subsp. coccifera L.) is very limited, and in the extreme west and north-west of the reserve close to Tamaksalet (Bouhlou municipamity) and some species are scattered throughout the center of the reserve at Ras Mnakher, Mnakher and Souamaa. These areas are a warmer (xeric). 3.1.2. Zeen Oak Forest The zeen oak (Quercus faginea Lamk) is a deciduous oak of meso-and supra-Mediterranean types [20-22], en- demic to the western Mediterranean (Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) [23]. It would be repre- sented in the Mounts of Tlemcen by a sub-species: Quer- cus faginea subsp. tlem cenensi s (DC.) M. (Figure 2) This oak occupies 1/5th of the reserve with an area of 428 ha. It is found mainly in the southern and south- Figure 2. Quercus faginea subsp. tlemcenensis formations at Tor- riche (Moutas). Photo. Babali B. September 2011. Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 372 western part of the reserve at Torriche, Ras Moutas, Mnakher, Chaâbat La’akhra and Aïn Ben. It is also found in the extreme north at Besghirand Boumedrer. The Tlemcen zeen oak, ranging in size between 5 and 7 m, prefers deep soils and limestone-rich substratewith- fresh degraded materials and rare silica. This species exists and dominates the valleys and hollows of the re- serve.We can consider that this species benefits from the water compensation, despite drought and this can be ex- plained by compensation edaphic-climatic phenomena [24]. It is practically non-existent or so on the summit where the soil dep th is less thick, and even if it do es, it is most unusual and with a dwarf size that barely exceeds 2 m. Among the accompanying taxa are: Cytisus arboreus subsp. Baeticus (Webb) Maire Cytisus villosus Pourret, Hedera algeriensis Hibberd, Ruscus aculeatus L., Smi- lax aspera L., Viburnum tinus L., Lonicera implexa L., Pistacia terebinthus L., Asplenium ceterach L., Umbili- cus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy, Phillyrea latifolia L. Am- pelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Durand & Schinz... 3.1.3. Cork Oak Forests Representedby the cork oak relics: Quercus suber L. (Figure 3), in a very limited area, which does not exceed 20 ha, they are frequently found in Saf-el-Ali, Aïn Djedi and other relics in Torriche, Boumedrerand Ras Moutas south side and finally a few stalks at Mnakher. Their growth is generally less strong after fire. These species are typical of low-intensity fire regimes, but common in the study area [25-27]. The vegetation associated with these cork oak is: La- vandula stoechas L., Anagallis arvensis L., Erica arbo- rea L., Arbutus unedo L., Stauracanthus boivinii (Webb) Samp Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Durand & Schinz, Asparagus acutifolius L., Daphne gnidium L., Cytisus villosus Pourret, Cistus clusii Dunal., Cistus creticus L., Cistus salvifolius L., Cistus ladanifer subsp. Figure 3. Relic of cork oak. Sahb El Ababda (Moutas). Photo. Babali B. October 2010. mauritianus Pau & Sennen. These plants prefer siliceous substrates. 3.2. Conifers They are softwood thermophilic with an extremely wide ecological spectrum. We have: Thuja: Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters (Figure 4). Endemic to North Africa [28,29] it colonizes areas with low rainfall (300 - 500 mm) [30]. This species is slightly represented in the Moutas reserve. It occupies, especially the northwest portion of the reserve: south- western slopes and the southern slopes of Boumedrer, Ras Mnakhert toward Bouhlou, Aïn Ben Soumaâ and Safel-Ali. It is associated with Pistacia lentiscus L., Chamaerops humilis var. argentea Andrew Gl o bularia a- lypum L., Macrochloa tenacissima L. (Kunth), Phyleria angustifolia L. , Asparagus albus L. The Juniper: Juniperus oxycedrus Subsp. Oxycedrus It is widespread in the reserve with scattered blankets. This indicates the presence of degradation oak stands. • Other conifers are represented in the form of planta- tions in the rest area Torriche and near the forest house Boumedrer as Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis Miller, stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) 3.3. Riverine The reserve is surrounded by natural sources: Aïn- Boumedrer the largest and most common, AïnE-Djedi, Aïn Moutas and Aïn El-Ben. The vegetation, adjacent to these springs and streams, is riparian representing vege- tation structure at least partly azonal [31], or indicators of wetlands such as Rubus ulmifolius Schott, Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, Typha latifolia L., Carex hispi- Figure 4. Degraded forest Tetraclinis articulata based at- Tameksalet-Moutas (south side). Photo. Babali B., October 2012. Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 373 da Willd., Populus alba L., Salix pedicellata Desf., Jun- cus maritimus Lam., Hypericum perforatum L., Mentha rotundifolia L., Ficus carica L., Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, Potentilla reptans L., Zannichellia peltata Bertol., Groenlandia densa (L.) Fourr., Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag, Arundo donax L., Dactylorhiza durandii (Boiss. & Reuter) M. Lainz, Ranunculus ficaria L., Ranunculus aquatilis L., Ranunculus spicatus Desf. Sonchus mari- timus L., Nerium oleonder L. Trachelium caeruleum L., Jasminum fruticans L., Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (D.C. Gmelin) Hegi. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek (= Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). Riparian forests are dominant in this area; unfortu- nately the foresters do not take this fact into account in their statistics. 3.4. The Scrub Over a large area of 680 ha, the scrubs are character- ized and dominated by more xeric coppices depleted in forest and pre-forest species that occupy the land like thechamaephytes or nanaophanerophytes which prefer gradients and hot spots (southern slopes) belonging to Pistacio-Rhamnetalia Alaterni represented by Chamae- rop shumilisvar. argentea Andrew Ampelodesmos mauri- tanicus (Poiret) Durand & Schinz, Pistacia terebinthus L., Thymus munbyanus Boiss. & Reuter, Fumana thymifolia (L.) Webb, Calicotome intermedia (Salzm.) C. Presl, Rhamnus lycioïdes L. Other taxa grow in an expansionary way after the fire e.g., Cistus ladanifer L., Cistus creticus L. and Cistus salvifolius L. and taxa characterized by their high regen- eration such as thujaand evergreen oak that can partici- pate in the formation of scrub landscapes [20]. 3.5. Lawns (Figure 5) “in the short-cycle crops adapted to use a fleeting re- source, tolerance and/or need of light (light-demanding species) make them exclusive or preferential plants ofo- Figure 5. Annual plant lawn with Anemone coronaria before Moutas plain crops. Photo. Babali B., March 2011. ligotrophic dry grasslands or rocks exposed to wind and temperature extremes.” [32]. They are spread over about 106 hectares and domi- nated by annual species (Therophytes) caused by high anthropozoological action and further degradation (fir e). This group belongs to the Thero-Brachypodietea in general, is on calcareous substrata; characterized by Rha- ponticum coniferum (L.) Greuter, Bombycilaena discolor (Pers.) Lainz, Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth, Scorzonera laciniata L., Tr ifolium ste llatu m L., Ajuga iva var. pseudo- iva subsp. Pseudoiva (DC.) Briq., Teucrium polium L., Ophrys lutea subsp. lutea (Cav.) Gouan, Carex halleri- ana Asso., Rumex bucephalophorus L., Briza ma xima L. Vulpia ciliate Dumort… List of vascular taxa listed by family in Tlemcenhunt- ing reserve. The list includes 322 species belonging to 72 families: Compositae (Asteraceae), Leguminosae (Fabaceae), La- biatae (Lamiaceae), Gramineae (Poaceae) and Orchida- ceae (see palnches 1 - 2 in the annex). ALLIACEAE Allium Cupani Raf. Allium roseum L. AMARYLLIDACEAE Acis autumnalis (L.) Herb =Leucojum a utumnale L. Narcissus cantabricus DC. Narcissus serotinus L. Narcissus tazzeta L. Narcissus tazzeta subsp. pachyb olbus (Dur.) Baker Pancratium foetidum var. oranense Pomel ANACARDIACEAE Pistacia lentiscus L. Pistacia Terebinthus L. APOCÉNACEAE Nerium oleander L. ARACEAE Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu =Arisarum vulgare subsp simorrhinum (dur.) M.et W. Biarum Bovei subsp. di s p a r (Schot t.) Engler ARALIACEAE Hedera helix L. ARECACEAE = PALMACEAE Chamaerops humilis subsp. Argentea André. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia baetica L. Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel =Aristolochia longa subsp. paucinervis (Pomel) Batt. ASPARAGACEAE Anthericum liliago L. subsp. algeriense Aphyllanthes monspeliensis L. Asparagus acutifolius L. Asparagus albus L. ASPHODELACEAE Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 374 Asphodelus ramosus L. =Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm et Viv ASPLENIACEAE Ceterach officinarum Lamk. =Asplenium ceterach L. BORAGINACEAE Anchusa italica Retz. =Anchusa azurea Mill. Borago officinalis L. Cerinthe gymnandra Gasparr. =Cerinthe major subs p. gymnandra (Aspar.)M. Cynoglossum cheirifolium L. Echium vulgare L. Neatostema ap ul um (L.) I.M. Johnston =Lithospermum apulu m (L. ) Vahl. CAMPANULACEAE Campanula dichotoma L. Campanula rapunculus L. Trachelium caeruleum L. CAPRIPHOLIACEAE Lonicera implexa L. Viburnum tinus subsp. tinus L. CARYOPHYLACEAE Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter =Dianthus gaditanus Boiss. Dianthus serrulatus subsp. macrant hus Maire Paronychia arge nte a Lam. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke =Silene inflata (Salisb.)Sm. Silene latifolia subsp. latifolia Poiret Silene ramosissima Desf. Stellaria media (L.) V ill. CISTACEAE Cistus clusiiDunal. Cistus creticus L. =Cistus villosusL. Cistus ladanifer subsp. mauritianus Pau & Sennen =Cistus ladaniferusL. Cistus salvifolius L. Fumana thymifolia (L.) Webb Halimium umbellatum (L.) Spach Helianthemum cinereum (Cav.) Pers. Helianthemum helianthemoides (Desf.) Grosser Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Miller COLCHICACEAE Colchicum lusitanum Brot. =Colchicum autumnale L. Merendera filifolia Camb. COMPOSITAE = ASTERACEAE Anacyclus pyre thrum (L.) Link Atractylis cancellata L. Bellis sylvestris Cirillo Bombycilaena di scolor (Pers.) Laínz =Micropus bombycinus subsp discolor Lag. Calendula arv e ns is L. Calendula suffruticosa Vahl Carlina gumm i fera (L.) Less. Catananche caerulea L. Cent aurea pullata L. Cichorium intybus L. Cirsium echinatum (Desf.) DC. Dittrichia viscose (L.) Greuter =Inula viscose (L.) Ait. Echinops strigosus L. Filago fuscescens Pomel Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. =Chrysanthemum segetum L. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench =EIichrysum stoechas (L.) DC. Inula montana L. Mauranthemum paludosum (Poiret) Vogt & Ober- prieler =Leucanthe m u m paludosum (Poiret) non Bar. Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter =Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less. Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass. Phagnalon sordidum (L.) Reichenb. Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth Rhaponticu m acaule (L.) DC. Rhaponticu m coni fer u m (L.) Greuter =Leuzea conifera (L.) DC. Scolymus g randiflorus Desf. Scolymus hispanicus L. Scorzonera laciniata L. Scorzonera un d ulata Vahl. Senecio vulgaris L. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Sonchus maritimus L. Staehelina du b i a L. Ta r a xacum obovatum (Willd.) DC. CONVULVULACEAE Convolvulus al t haeoi des L. Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulus cantabrica L. Convolvulus humilis Jacq. Convolvulus tricolor L. CRASSULACEAE Pistorinia breviflora subsp. intermedia (Boiss. & Reuter) Greuter & Burdet =Cotyledon br eviflora (Boiss.) M. Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau Sedum albu m L. Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy =Cotyledon umbilicus-veneris subsp. Pendulina (DC.) Batt. CRUCIFERAE = BRASSICACEAE Alyssum simplex Rudolphi Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 375 Biscutella didyma L. Erysimum gran diflorum Desf. =Erysimum boccon ei (all.) Pers. Lepidium hirtum (L.) Sm. Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Nasturtium officinale R. Br. = Rorippa nast urt i u m- aq u at i c um (L.) Hayek Raphanus raphanistrum L. Sinapis alba L. Sinapis arvensis L. CUPRISSACEAE Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters Cupressus sempervirens L. CYPERACEAE Carex halleriana Asso Carex hispida Willd. DIOSCOREACEAE Diocorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin =Tamus communis L. DIPSACACEAE Cephalaria leucantha (L.) Roemer & Schultes Lomelosia ste ll ata (L.) Raf. =Scabiosa stellata L. Sixalix atropurpurea (L.) Greuter & Burdet =Scabiosa atropurpurea L. ERICACEAE Arbutus unedo L. Erica arborea L. Erica multiflora L. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia hel i osco pi a L. Euphor b i a nicræensis AlI. Euphorbia squamigera Lois. FAGACEAE Quercus coccifera L. subsp. coccife ra Quercus faginea subsp. tlemcenensis (DC.) Maire et Weiller =Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi (Coutinho) A. Ca- mus Quercus Ilex subsp. Ballota (Desf.) A. DC. Quercus suber L. GENTIANACEAE Centaurium erythraea Raf. =Centaurium umbellatum (Gibb.) Beck. GÉRANIACEAE Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. Geranium malviflorum Boiss. & Reute GRAMINEAE = GRAMINACEAE = POACEES Aegilops geniculata Roth Aegilops triuncialis L. Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Durand & Schinz = Ampelode sma mauritanica (Poiret) Dur.et Sch. Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski =Bromus matritensis L. Anisantha rubens (L.) Nevski =Bromus rubens L. Arundo donax L. Avena sativa L. Avena sterilis L. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. B. Briza maxima L. Bromus hordeaceus L. Cynosurus echinatus L. Festuca coerulescens Desf. Hordeum murinum L. Lagurus ovatus L. Macrochloa tenacissima (L.) Kunth =Stipa tenacissima L. Vulpia ciliata Dumort. HYACINTHACEAE Drimia maritima (L.) Speta =Urginea maritima var. pancration (Stein.) Baker. Drimia undulata Jacq. =Urginea undulata (Desf.) Steinh. subsp typica M. Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. =Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. Muscari neglectum Guss. Oncostema pe ruvi ana (L.) Speta =Scilla peruviana L. Ornithogalum algeriense Jord. & Fourr =Ornithog al u m umbellatum L. Ornithogalum narbonense L. =Ornithog alum pyramidalisauct. non L. Prospero autumnalis (L.) Speta =Scilla autumnalis L. Pros pero obtusifolium (Poiret) Speta =Scilla obtusifolia Poiret Uropetalum serotinum (L.) Ker Gawl. =Dipcadi se rotinum (L.) Medik. HYPERICACEAE Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericum tomentosum subsp tomentosum L. IRIDACEAE Gladiolus italicus Mill =Gladi ol u s segetum Ker.-Gawl. Iris planifolia (Mill.) Dur. et Sch. Iris xiphium L. Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. =Gynandriri s si syri nchium (L.) Parl. Romulea bulboco di um (L.) Seb.et Mau r. JUNCACEAE Juncus maritimus Lam k. LABIATAE = LAMIACEAE Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber =Ajuga chamaephitis Schreb. Ajuga iva subsp. iva (L.) Schreber Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 376 Ajuga iva subsp. pseudoiva (DC.) Briq. var. pseudo- Iva Ballota hirsutaBentham Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi =Satureja calamintha subsp. Nepeta correct Lamium amplexicaule L. Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas Marrubium vulgare L. Mentha rotundifolia L. Nepeta multibracteata Desf. Nepeta tuberosa subsp. reticulata (Desf.) Maire Origanum vulgare subsp. Glandulosum (Desf.) Iest- waart =Origanum glandulosum Desf. Phlomis crinita subsp. Mauritanica (Munby) Murb. =Phlomis crinita cav. Phlomis herba-venti L. Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr. =Rosmarinus tournefortiid e No é Salvia verbenaca L. Stachys ocymast ru m (L.) Briq. Teucrium fruticans L. Teucrium polium L. Teucrium pseudochamaepitys L. Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus (Boiss. & Reuter) Greuter & Burdet =Thymus ciliatus subsp . coloratus (B. & R.) Batt. LEGUMINOSAE = FABACEAE Anthyllis polycephala Desf. Anthyllis vulneraria L. Argyrolobium zanonii (L.) Link =Lotophyllus argenteus L. Astragalus caprinus subsp. caprinus. =Astragalus caprinus subsp. Lanigerus (Desf.) M Astragalus epiglottis L. Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton =Psoralea bituminosa L. Calicotome intermedia (Salzm.) C. Presl =Calycotome villosa su bsp. Intermedia (Salzm.) M. Ceratonia siliqua L. (Césalpiniacées) Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W.D.J. Koch Cytisus arboreus subsp. baeticus (Webb) Maire Cytisus villosus Pourret =Cytisus triflorus L’Herit Erop haca baetica (L.) Boiss. =Astragalus lusitanicu s Lamk. Genista ramosissima (Desf. ) Poiret =Genista cinerea subsp. ramosissima (Desf.) Maire Genista tricuspidata subsp. Duriaei (Spach.) Batt. Lathyrus latifolius L. Lotus hispidus DC. Medicago italica subsp. Tornata (L.) Emb. et Maire Medicago polymorpha L. = Medicago hispida Gaertn. Ononis bifl or a Desf. Ononis pubescens L. Ononis spinosa L. Scorpiurus muricatus L. Stauracanthus boivinii (Webb) Samp =Ulex Boivinii Webbvar. webbianus (Cosson) Maire Trifolium angustifolium L. Trifolium stellatum L. Trifolium tomentosum L. Vicia onobrychioides L. Vicia sativa L. LILIACEAE Fritillaria lusitanica subsp. Oranensis (Pomel) Valdés =Fritillaria messanensis Raf. var. atlantica M. Gagea Durieui Pari. Gagea granatelli subsp. chaberti Terracc. Tulipa sylvestris subsp. australis (Link.) Pamp. LINACEAE Linum suffruticosum L. Linum tenue Desf. Linum usitatissimum L. MALVACEAE Lavatera trimestris L. Malope malachoides L. Malva sylvestris L. MORACEAE Fucus carica L. MYRSINACEAE = PRIMULACEES Anagallis arvensis L. Anagallis Anagallis monelli L. OLEACEAE Jasminum fruticans L. Olea europea L. subsp. europaea =Olea europea var. oleaste r Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. angustifolia M. Phillyrea latifolia L. =Phillyrea angustifolia subsp. latifolia (L.)M. ORCHIDACEAE Aceras pyrami dal i s (L.) Reichenb =Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) L.C. Rich. Anacamptis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Poll.) Bate- man, Pridgeon & Chase = Orchis co riophora subsp. Fragrans (Poll.) G. Camus Anacamptis morio subsp. tlemcenensis (Batt.) E.G. Camus Anacamptis papilio nacea (L.) Bateman, Pridgeon & Chase =Orchis papilionacea L. Dactylorhiza durandii (Boiss.& Reuter) M.Lainz =Orchis elata subsp. Dur andoi (B.et R.) Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Sprengel =Himanthoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) Delforge Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 377 = Himantho glossum longibracteat u m (Biv.) Sch. Ophrys atlanti c a Munby Ophrys lutea subsp. Lutea (Cav.) Gouan Ophrys speculum L. Ophrys sphegifera Willd. = Ophrys scolopax Cav. subsp. Apiformis Ophrys subfusca (Reichen b. fil.) Haussknecht =Ophrys lutea subsp. Subfusca (Rchb.) Batt. Ophrys thenthredimifera Willd. subsp. Ficalhoana Ophrys thenthredimifera Willd. subsp. Thenthredi- mifera Orchi s ant h ropophora (L.) All. = Aceras anthr opophorum (L.) Ait. Orchis italica Poiret Orchis ol bi ensis Reuter. = Orchis maculata sub sp. Obliensis (Reut.) Asch. et Gr. OROBANCHACEAE Bartsia trixago L. = Bellardia trixago (L.) All. (Scrophiliacées) Odontites purpureus subsp. purpureus (Desf.) G. Don fil. = Odontites bolligeri E.Rico, L. Delgado & Herrero in Rico et al. [33] = Odontites purpureasubsp purpurea (Scrophiliacées) Orobanche ramosa L. Orobanche variegata Wallr Parentucellia latifolia (L.) Caruel (Scrophiliacées) PAPAVERACEAE Fumaria capreolata L. (Fumariacées) Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariacées) Papaver hybridum L. Papaver rhoeas L. Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. PINACEAE Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carrière =Cedrus libanotica Link Pinus halepensis Mill. Pinus pinea L. PLANTAGINACEAE Anarrhinum fruticosum subsp. fruticosum Maire (Scrophiliacées) Antirrhinum majus L. (Scrophiliacées) Globularia Alypum subsp. alypum L. (Globularia- cées) Linaria arvensis L. Desf. (Scrophiliacées) Linaria triphylla (L.) Miller (Scrophiliacées) Linaria tristis (L.) Miller (Scrophiliacées) Plant ago mauritani ca Boiss. et Reut. Plantago lagopus L. Plantago serraria L. POLYGALACEAE Polygala monspelia ca L. POLYGONACEAE Rumex bucephalophorus L. POTAMOGETONACEAE Groenlandia densa (L.) Fourr. = Potamogeton densusL. RAFFLESIACEAE Cytinus hypocistis subsp. clusiiNyman = Cytinus hypocistis subsp. kermesianus (Guss.) Wettst. Cytinus hypocistis subsp. hypocistis L. = Cytinus hypocistis subsp. ochr ac eus (Guss.) Wettst. RENONCULACEAE Adonis aestivalisL. Anemone coronaria L.var. cyanea (Risso) Ardoino Anemone palmata L. Clematis cirrhosa L. Clematis flammula L. var. parviflora Pomel Delphinium balan sae Boiss. et Reut. Ranunculus arvensis L. Ranunculus ficaria subsp. ficariiformis Rouy & Fouc. Ranunculus g ra mi neus L. Ranunculus macrophyllus Desf. Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl Ranunculus p al ud os us Poiret Ranunculus spicatus Desf. Ranunculus aquatilis L. RESEDACEAE Reseda alba subsp alba L. = Reseda alba subsp eu-alba L. Reseda luteola L. Reseda Phyteuma subsp. collina (Gay) Batt. RHAMNACEAE Rhamnus alaternus L. subsp. alaternus Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahand. & Maire ROSACEAE Crataegus monogyna Jacq. = Crataegus Oxyacantha subsp. monogyna (Jacq.) Rouy et Camus Potentilla reptans L. Rosa canina L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott Sanguisorba mi no r Scop. RUBIACEAE Rubia peregrina subsp. Peregrina L. RUSCACEAE Ruscus aculeatus L. RUTACEAE Ruta angustifolia Pers. = Ruta chalepensis subsp. angustifolia (Pers.) P. Cout SALICACEAE Populus alba L. Salix pedicellata Desf. SANTALACEAE Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 378 Osyris quadripartita Decne SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga gl o b u l i fera Desf. = Saxifraga gl ob ul üera Desf. SCROPHILIACEAE Scrofularia laevigataVahl Scrophularia canina L. Verbascum blattari a L. SINOPTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes acrostica (Balb.) Tod. SMILACACEAE Smilax aspera L. var. Altissima Moris & De Not. Smilax aspera L. var. genuina L. THYMELAEACEAE Daphne gnidi um L. THYPHACEAE Typha an gustifolia L. UMBELLIFERAE = APIACEAE Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Breistr. = A. verticillata (Desf.) Briq. Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag = Helosciadium nodiflorumLag. Bupleurum rigidum L. Daucus carota L. Eryngium tricuspidatum L. Eryngium triquetrum Vahl Ferula communis L. Thapsia garganica L. VALÉRIANACEAE Fedia cornucopiae (L.) Gaertn Valeriana tuberosa L. Valerianella discoide a (L.) Loisel. = Valerianella cor onata subsp. discoidea Lois. VERBENACEAE Verbena officinalis L. VITACEAE = AMPELIDACEA Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi ZANNICHELLIACEAE Zannichellia peltata Bertol. 4. CONCLUSION AND PERSPE CTIVES One can not speak of plant diversity, of the Moutasre- serve, without taking the relative ch ange in the climate of the western part of Algeria into consideration. That’s how the phylogenetic potential began a regressive evolu- tion. This latter is accentuated by an increasingly strong anthropo zoological pressure.These ecosystems are frag- ile and complex and must be tackled in a comprehensive manner. There are many achievements in phytoecology and plant systematics, but little information/data is avai- lable regarding in particular the western part of Algeri- aendemic species. Faced with this alternative we insist on develop- ing/expanding plants (aromatic/medicinal and others) sincethe hunting reserve has a wealth of landscapes and acts as a refuge for sensitive and/or endangered species as Origanum, Ammoides e.g. Today, we are moving towards a bank of botanical data to monitor this floristic cover which is close to the ecological break (environmental stress). For about 30 years we have gone through this area, the changes are significant and we see before our eyes that the regressive evolution has begun. This observation is linked to southern species which are moving to north of Tlemcen Mounts. REFERENCES [1] Blondel, J., (2002) Problématique de la forêt médi- terranéenne. Hors Scin, 1. [2] Gruber, M. and Sandoz, H. (1995) Inventaire floristique et phytoécologique du parc du Jarret-la Ravelle (Mar- seille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence, 46, 105-118. [3] Véla, E., Hill B. and S. Della Casa (1999) Liste des plantes vasculaires du département des Bouches-du- Rhône (France). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Pro- vence, 50, 115-201. [4] Hill, B. and véla, E. (2000) Mise à jour de la liste des plantes vasculaires du département des Bouches-du- Rhône. Bull. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Proven- ce, 51, 71-94. [5] Ibn Tattou, M. and Fennane, M. (1989) Aperçu historique et état actuel des connaissances sur la flore vasculaire du Maroc. Bulletin Institut Scientifique de Rabat, 13, 85-94. [6] Bouazza, M., Mahboubi, A., Loisel, R. and Benabadji, N. (2001) Bilan de la flore de la region de Tlemcen (Oranie- Algérie), forêt méditerranéen, 2, 130-136. [7] Benabadji, N., Benmansour, D. and Bouazza, M. (2007) La flore des monts d’Ain Fezza dans l’Ouest algérien, biodiversité et dynamique. Sciences & Technologie, 26, 47-59. [8] Mesli, K., Bouazza, M. and Godron, M. (2008) Ecologi- cal characterization of the vegetable groupings of the mounts of Tlemcen and their facies of degradation (west-Algeria). Environmental Research, 2, 271-277. [9] Letreuch-Belarouci, A., Medjahdi, B., Letreuch-Belarouci, N. and Benabdeli, Kh. (2009) Diversité floristique des subéraies du parc national de Tlemcen. Acta Botanica Malacitana, 34, 77-89. [10] Medjahdi, B., Ibn Tattou, M., Barkat, D. and Benabedli, Kh. (2009) La flore vasculaire des monts des Traras. Acta Botanica Malacitana, 34, 57-75. [11] Anonymous-Bulgarie (1988) Projet d’aménagement cy- négétique de la réserve de chasse Moutas-wilaya de Tle- mcen. Lescomplekt-engineering, 4, 99. [12] Braun-Blanquet, J. (1951) Les groupements végétaux de la France méditerranéenne., CRNS, Paris, 297. [13] Quézel P. and Santa S. (1962-1963) Nouvelle flore d’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. CRNS, Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
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B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 380 Appendix Planche 1. Board color (phot. B. Babali). Anacamptis morio subsp. tlemcenensis (Batt.) E.G. Camus Fritillaria lusitanica subsp. Oranensis (Pomel) Valdés Biarum Bovei subsp. dispar (Schott.) Engler Ophrys atlantica Munby Iris xiphium L. Carex hispida Willd. Briza maxima L. Pancratium foetidum var. oranense Pomel Drimia undulata Jacq. Copyright © 2013 SciRes. OPEN ACCESS
B. BabalI et al. / Open Journal of Ecology 3 (2013) 37 0-381 Copyright © 2013 SciRes. 381 Planche 2. Board color (phot. B. Babali). Ajuga iva subsp. pseudoiva (DC.) Briq. Anthyllis polycephala Desf. Euphorbia nicræensis AlI. Cistus ladanifer subsp. Mauritianus Pau &Sennen Cytinus hypocistis subsp. clusii Nyman + Cistus villosus Pourret Nepeta tuberosa subsp. reticulata (Desf.) Maire Odontites purpureus subsp. purpureus (Desf.) G. Don fil. Quercus fagi nea subsp. tlemcenensis (OC.) Maire et Weiller Stauracanthus boivinii (Webb) Sam p OPEN ACCESS
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