Energy and Power Engineering, 2013, 5, 36-41
doi:10.4236/epe.2013.53B008 Published Online May 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/epe)
Three-defense Line Coordination Strategy of the Guizhou
Power Grid with the New Security Situation
Wencheng Zheng, Tao Yu
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
Email : epwenche n gzheng@hotmail.com
Received 2013
ABSTRACT
In order to meet the requirements of Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (No.599), this paper
presents a three-defense line coordination strategy based on the Decree of the State Council (No.599). Taking the
Guizhou power grid o f 220 kV&500 kV as an example, the security and stability problem of th e Guizhou po wer grid is
analyzed. The strategy using three-defense line coordination for lowering the level of electricity safety accidents is re-
searched. The analysis results show that the proposed coordination strategy is feasible, which can lower the level of
electricity safety accidents under the same fault in same operation mode. Through studying the three-defense line of the
Guizhou power grid, this paper presents a basic idea of the three-defense line coordination strategy based on the Decree
of the State Council (No.599). The three-defense line coordination strategy provides reference for other provinces
power grid .
Keywords: Security and Stability; Three-defense Line; the Guizhou Power Grid; Decree of the State Council (No.599)
1. Introduction
With the development of th e smart grid, the power struc-
ture presents more and more complicated. The coordina-
tion problem of machine and network become increas-
ingly prominent. The grid dynamic characteristics as well
as the security and stability issues are increasingly com-
plex. It also increases the grid stable operation of the
control difficul t y .
Along with the introduction of the Decree of the State
Council (No.599), the security and stability of the power
system is more and more attention. The security defense
system of Power system must be established to ensure
the system safe and stable operation. It mainly includes
reasonable grid, reliable equipment, sound and effective
three-defense line, efficient scheduling operation and
management. Among all above, Setting three-defense
line is a successful experience to run a security and sta-
bility power grid in China.
The provisions of China's electric power system to
withstand large disturbance ability of the security and
stability standards are divided into three levels [2-4]. In
order to meet the requirements of the three standards of
security and stability, a reasonable grid structure should
be first built. The foundation of power system safe and
stable operation needs a good system grid. Correspond-
ing to the three standards, China has formed three-de-
fense line concept. The construction of the grid is plan-
ning and configuration by three-defense line as well as
the grid’s scheduling operation and management. Over
the years, China’s power grid didn’t appear a large area
blackout. It benefited from the construction of three-de-
fense line in accordance with the claim of the power sys-
tem security and stability’s guide [5 -6].
The first line of defense is the most basic requirements
of system safety performance. It generally doesn´s not
need to take measures. It achieves by the system auto-
matically adjust device or the dispatching automation
system’s preventive controls. The accidents belong to the
second line of defense happen with low probab ility, bu t it
will harm system deeply. If effective measures do not be
taken after the accident, it would expand the range of the
system accident, even lead to the collapse of the system.
So it needs to set emergency control device and take
measures to guarantee the system’s stability. The third
line of defense is preventive measures that prevent the
system appearing large area blackout and whole grid
crash accident.
The res earch has been tak en on the measu res and con-
trol of grid security and stability of Guizhou main grid
and the regional solitary power grid [7-8]. Base on the
Guizhou Power Grid’s configuration of three-defense
line analysis in 2012, the paper analyses the adaption of
the Guizhou Power Grid’s three-defense line to the De-
cree of the State Council (No.599) and modifies the un-
suited part. Then it proposes the basic idea of three-de-
fense line coordination strategy under the Decree of the
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. EPE
W. C. ZHENG, T. YU 37
State Council (No.599).
2. Guizhou Power Grid Security and
Stability Analysis In 2012
Using PSD-BPA and PSD-SSAP, the paper analysizes
five typical operating modes of the Guizhou power grid
in 2012. The five typical operating modes is summer maxi-
mum & peak & light load operation mode and winter
peak & light load operating mode.
2.1. Small Signal Stability Analysis
In three peak load operating mode, there are weakly
damped oscillation mode in the grid. The main oscilla-
tion points are concentrated in the Tongren Area and
Zunyi Area. It illustrates that these patches lack electrical
damping. In order to improve area damping levels, the
crucial generator sets such as Xiangziyan generating sta-
tion in Tongren or Qianbei generating station in Zunyi
may be considered to install PSS device or re-tuning the
PSS parameters. Overall, in most cases, the small signal
interference problem in Guizhou power grid isn’t in a
prominent place.
2.2. Security and Stability Analysis of the 500 kV
Main Grid
The prominent stability problems in Guizhou 500 kV
main grid are following.
(1) The double circuit line of 500 kV from Anshun to
Gaopo occurs short-circuited. It may lead the line of
500kV from Nayong Power Plant II to Gaopo overload.
(2) When 500 kV Shibing transformer substation and
Tongren transformer substation operates in open-loop, the
double circuit line of 500 kV from Shibing to Tongren
occurs short-circuited. It will lead Tongren regional power
grid and the main grid separate. Then the eastern part of
Guizhou may appear frequency in stability.
2.3. Security and Stability Analysis of the 220 kV
Main Grid
Guizhou 220 kV grid centres in the each 500 kV trans-
former substation. Each area runs independently. In 2012,
there are sixteen 500kV transformer substations in Guizhou
grid. That forms 16 regional grids. The prominent stabil-
ity problems in Guizhou 220 kV main grid are following.
(1) Siling power station send channel serious failure
will lead transient instability problem in Tongren grid.
(2) Shatuo power station send channel serious failure
will lead transient instability problem in Songtao grid.
3. Three-defense Line Coordination Strategy
Base on the Decree of the State Council
(No.599) in Guizhou Power Grid
3.1. Accident Classification Base on the Decree of
the State Council (No.599) in Guizhou Power
Grid
The Decree of the State Council (No.599) has published
the ordinance of electrical safety incidents emergency
disposal investigation and processing. The Ordinance is
composed of six chapters. They are general principles,
the report of the accident, emergency disposal, accident
investigation an d hand ling, liab ility, an d ann ex. Th e most
critical is divided accident level.
(1) The level of accidents is mainly determined by the
proportion of the redu cing load supp ly an d the prop ortion
of urban electricity customer outage.
(2) Grading standards of electrical safety accidents is a
supplement on the basis of The Decree of the State
Council (No.493). The core is defined four types of ac-
cidents. They are especially significant accident signifi-
cant accident larger accident and generally accident.
Table 1 shows the accident corresponding level of
Guizhou power grid. It can be drawn from the load dis-
tribution of all cities and counties in Guizhou Province
Table 1. Accident level of Guizhou power gr id.
Accident level Judgment
Especially Significant
Accident 1 More than 40% load supply of the whole grid r educe
2 More than 60% loa d supply of the Gui yang City reduce
Significant Accident 1 Load supply reduc i ng o f t he wh o l e grid is am on g 16 % t o 4 0 %
2 Load supply reducing of Gui yang grid is among 40% to 60%
3 More than 60% load supply of the Zunyi grid Liupanshui grid Anshun grid Tongren grid and Bijie grid reduce
Larger Accident
1 Load supply reduc i ng o f t he wh o l e grid is am on g 12 % t o 1 6 %
2 Load supply reducing of Gui yang grid is among 20% to 40%
3 Load supply reducing of Zunyi grid Liupanshui grid Anshun grid Tongren grid and Bijie grid is among 40% to 60%
4 More than 60% load supply of the Kaili grid Duyun grid Xingyi grid Qingzhen grid and Fuquan grid reduce
Generally Accident
1 Load supply reduc i ng o f t he w ho le grid is am o n g 6% to 12%
2 Load supply reducing of Gui yang grid is among 10% to 20%
3 Load supply reducing of Zunyi grid Liupanshui grid Anshun grid Tongren grid and Bijie grid is among 20% to 40%
4 Load supply re ducing of Kaili grid Duyun grid Xingyi grid Qingzhen grid and Fuquan grid is among 40% to 60%
5 More than 40% load sup p l y of the Chishui grid and Renhuai grid reduce
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. EPE
W. C. ZHENG, T. YU
38
and the dividing standards of accident level in the Decree
of the State Council (No.599).
3.2. The Coordination Strategy of the First
Defense Line and Second Defense Line
Research
Power system operating st at us can be di vi ded i nt o: normal,
alert, emergency, extreme urgency, collapse and recovery.
Corresponding system run state changes, setting three-
defense lines to ensure the safe and stable operation of
power system encounters a variety of accidents. Figure 1
shows the relationship between the grid operating state
conversion and th ree-defense line setting.
The coordination of the first defense line and second
defense line refers to the system normal operation that
preventive measures can't maintain effective system
safety performance. Then the emergency control device
take timely measures to maintain system stability. The
coordination of the first defense line and second defense
line is directly related to the system whether it can deal
with low probability of o ccurren ce of large fault o r not. It
is very important to the safe and stable operation of the
system. Especially for system operation of the weak link,
it should pay more attention.
The weak link of power system operation is the grid
key transient stability section . Also it is the key object of
the power grid stability analysis and monitoring. One of
the important premises to guarantee the stability of the
power grid is to control transmission section operating
within transient stability limit.
In normal mode, there are three electromagnetic loop
networks in Guizhou 500 - 220 kV power grid. So Tab le 2
confirms seven sections that need t o control the power flow.
Table 2. Section need to control the power flow.
Section Control ValueMW
Double circuit line from Xifeng to Guiyang 2200
Double circuit line from Yaxi to Nanbai 480
Double circuit line from Zunyi to Nanbai 330
Double circuit line from Fuquan to Wenlang 280
Circuit I from Zhudong to Zhuling and
Double circuit line from Qingyan to Zhudong 500
Line from Anshun to Xiayun and Double
circuit line from Anshun t o P uding and
Line from Anshun to Yao pu 400
Double circuit line from Qinzhen to Zhanjie 410
Figure 1. The constraint of three-defense line coordination in The Decree of the State Council (No.599).
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. EPE
W. C. ZHENG, T. YU 39
3.3. The Coordination Strategy of the Second
Defense Line and Third Defense Line
Research
The second defense line needs the emergency control
device that is configured in the system to take a cutting
machine, load shedding, plan splitting and other meas-
ures to ensure the stab ility of the system. And it needs to
take appropriate control measures in accordance with
pre-established control strategy.
In normal operation mode, the Guizhou power grid
needn’t take stability control measures when the grid
appears single fault. It maintains the stability of the
pow er system operation and power supply through control
power flow.
In the 500 kV line N-1 maintenance mode, a circuit
line happens three-phase disconnect fault. If the influ-
ence of transmission limit is big, measures such as cut-
ting machine, load shedding, cutting down DC transmis-
sion power should be taken to maintain the stability of
the power system operation and the integrity of the main
grid. Opposite, if the influence of transmission limit is
small, it just needs to control power flow.
When the Guizhou power grid appears single serious
fault, measures such as cutting machine, load shedding
should be taken to maintain the stability of the power
system operation and the integrity of the main grid.
There are some weak links in the grid those happen sin-
gle serious fault will cause the system instability. So the
stability measures such as cutting machine, load shed-
ding of the second defense line should be configured.
When the system appears multiple serious faults, it
couldn’t maintain the integrity of the whole grid. The
system should be set measures such as system splitting,
frequency and voltage emergency control to avoid sys-
tem collapse and large area blackout. The protective de-
vices of generating unit and line should avoid taking mi-
soperation to prevent generating unit and line cascading
trip when the system appears frequency oscillation. Gui-
zhou power grid splitting point should be set based on
the situation of the entire southern power grid system
oscillation center. And it should guarantee the consis-
tency of the splitting device action in the same section.
In order to restore stability of the system frequency
after splitting, the system should configure enough cut-
ting machine capacity and set the operating frequency
and round reasonably. The emergency control of the fre-
quency and the voltage mainly includes the low-frequency
and low-voltage load shedding device [9,10]. Guizhou
power grid should configure the low-frequency and low-
voltage load shedding device based on the grid situation
of the section and the grid splitting.
4. Three-defense Line Adaptive Analysis and
Coordination Strategy Correction Base on
the Decree of the State Council (No.599) in
Guizhou Power Grid
In 2012, the regional power grid of Xifeng, Guiyang,
Jinzhou, Bijie, Anshun, Yaxi, Tongren and Songtao in
Guizhou power grid appearrs all kinds of fault in each
kind of operation mode. It will cause different effects
after controlling of three-defense line. Table 3 shows
that the most serious fault in each of these areas in
Guizhou power grid is classed based on the Decree of the
State Council (No.599).
Table 3. The electrical safety accidents grading of the Guizhou Power Grid in 2012.
Area Operation
Mode Fault Stable Strategy
The Proportion of
the Amount of
Load Shedding
Accident
Level
Guiyang Guiyang substation one transform er is
overhaul and the other one is tripping
1.Shedding 569 MW load
2.Low-Frequency Load Shedding
45MW in first round 14.41% Generally
Accident
Xingyi Jinzhou substation one transformer is
overhaul and the other one is tripping Shedding 84 MW load 0.06% ---
Bijie Shexiang substation on e transformer
is tripping
1. Shedding 204 MW load
2. Low-Frequency Load Shedding
42MW in first round 24.12% Generally
Accident
Zunyi Yaxi substation one transformer i s
overhaul and the other one is tripping Shedding 600 MW load 24.19% Generally
Accident
Tongren substation on e t ransformer i s
overhaul and the other one is tripping Shedding 233 MW load 12.94% ---
Tongren
winter
peak load
operating
mode
Songtao substation one transformer is
overhaul and the other one is tripping Shedding 184 MW load 10.22% ---
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. EPE
W. C. ZHENG, T. YU
40
(1) In winter peak load operating mode, Anshun sub-
station operating in single transformer appears the fault
of transformer tripping when the transformer transmis-
sion power is 630 MW. Then Anshun grid becomes an
isolated network. The bus frequency deviation of the
isolated network is shown in Figure 2(a). After shedding
620 MW load, the bus frequency deviation of the isolated
network is shown in Figure 2(b). The total load of
Anshun grid is 780 MW. The accident load accounts for
79.50% of the total load. It reaches significant accident
according the Decree of the State Council (No. 599).
Through correcting the coordination strategy of three-
defense line, it will not reach the accident level when the
same fault occurred. The correct strategy is that when
Anshun substation operating in single transformer, then
the operation mode becomes electromagnetic loop net-
work and controls the section power flow to meet N-1
operation mode won’t overload in electromagnetic loop
network.
(2) In winter peak load operating mode, Xifeng sub-
station operating in single transformer appears the fault
of transformer tripping when the transformer transmis-
sion power is 972 MW. Then Xifeng grid becomes an
isolated network. The bus frequency deviation of the
isolated network is shown in Figure 3(a). After shedding
932 MW load, the bus frequency deviation of the isolated
network is shown in Figure 3(b). The total load of Gui-
yang grid is 4261MW. The accident load accounts for
21.87% of the total load. It reaches larger accident ac-
cording the Decree of the State Council (No. 599).
Through correcting the coordination strategy of three-
defense line, it will not reach the accident level when the
same fault occurred. The correct strategy is that when
Xifeng substation operating in single transformer, then
the operation mode becomes electromagnetic loop net-
work with Guiyang substation and controls the section
power flow to meet N-1 operation mode won’t overload
in electromagnetic loop network.
(a) (b)
Figure 2. (a) The 220 kV bus frequency deviation of Anshun; (b) The 220 kV bus frequency deviation of Anshun after shed-
ding load.
(a) (b)
Figure 3. (a) The 220 kV bus frequency deviation of Xifeng; (b) The 220 kV bus frequency deviation of Xifeng after shedding
load.
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. EPE
W. C. ZHENG, T. YU 41
. Co5nclusions
nalysis, it shows the configu ration of
de
ent or generally
ac
lo
udy were included in the pla
of
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