Analysis of Sheep Lymphocyte Chromosomal Aberrations after Exposition to Chlortetracycline 41
and measuring mitotic activity and proliferation index
(PRI) or/and nuclear division index (NDI) respectively in
vitro. Their results indicated that tetracycline is able to
induce both cytotoxic and moderate genotoxic effects in
cultured human blood lymphocytes in vitro. No statistical
differences were found in MI values in the groups (Table
1; P > 0.05). Cellular proliferation is a phenomenon that
may be causally associated with the induction of chromo-
somal damage for a number of compounds which are
non-DNA reactive and thus are threshold in vitro clasto-
gens [27]. Changes in biochemical biomarkers (antioxi-
dant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and
DNA damage in soil on the earthworm Eisenia fetida ex-
posed to tetracycline and chlortetracycline were investi-
gated. Compared to enzyme activities, DNA damage as a
biomarker was more sensitive and more suitable for de-
tection low concentration exposure the genotoxicity of
contaminants in terestrial environment [28]. The both an-
tibiotics induced significant genotoxicity on earthworm
Eisenia fetida in a dose—dependent manner (P < 0.01).
4. Conclusion
On the whole, when we consider our results together
with other published data our results demonstrate that
chlortetracycline chloride (preparation Aureovit 12 C 80
plv. a.u.v.) induced a significant increase in chromoso-
mal aberrations. These findings suggest a potential geno-
toxic hazard of this antibacterial drug as it may become
capable of attacking the animal genetic material. In our
experimental group of animals, chromatid breaks were
the dominant type of chromosomal aberrations. Our ex-
periences demonstrated that chromosomal damage stud-
ies may be used as the sensitive and effective biomarker
procedure for detecting the genotoxicity effect of hazar-
dous agents from the viewpoint of animal health. This is
the argument also for the further studies and other exa-
mination especially in connection with the human health
state because residues of hazardous agents in animal food-
stuffs may be also their hazard factor.
5. Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Grant Vega ME SR No.
1/0545/08.
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