Received 18 August 2015; accepted 17 October 2015; published 20 October 2015

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we introduce Farey triangle graph, Farey triangle matrix, complementary Farey triangle graph and complementary Farey triangle matrix, and we derive some properties of the following matrices.

Keywords:

Farey Triangle Graph, Farey Triangle Matrix, Complementary Farey Triangle Graph, Complementary Farey Triangle Matrix

1. Introduction

A Farey sequence of order N is a set of irreducible fractions between 0 and 1 arranged in an increasing order, the denominators of which do not exceed N. could be obtained from by calculating the mediant between two successive values from which it was derived. In [1] -[3] Farey graph and Farey matrix have been constructed from Farey sequence of order N. In [4] Farey partition is derived and discussed some matrix property from Farey sequence. In [5] Farey graph is introduced in iterative process. In this paper we construct Farey tri-

angle graph, in iterative process, and it is constructed from the method of mediant property as follows in the Farey sequence. From the co-ordinates of this graph we form a Farey triangle matrix. Similarly we construct complementary Farey triangle graph and complementary Farey triangle matrix.

2. Farey Triangle Graph

2.1. Definition: Farey Triangle Graph:

Farey triangle graph of order N is constructed from Farey Sequence. Consider X and Y axes with vertices as Farey Sequnence in. The Farey triangle graph of order N is formed from Farey triangle graph of order, iteratively as Farey sequence. In this graph, vertices from X to Y axis is joined only if the vertices (or Farey fractions) are same to obtain a Farey triangle.

2.2. Construction of Farey Triangle Graph

The Farey triangle graph of order 1 begin with vertices and in both axes. The vertex is the ori-

gin of the Farey triangle graph of order 1. In this graph join the vertices when X and Y axes have the same fractions to obtain a Farey triangle. is constructed from. In this graph the vertices are inserted by the method of the mediant between each pair of consecutive fractions in both axes of. Si-

milarly, we follow the same method to obtain from. The Farey triangle graph of order N can be constructed from Farey triangle graph by using the Farey sum operation denoted as. In the vertices in X and Y axes are irreducible fractions in Farey sequence of order. For each edge in introduced in iteration, could be obtained

from by calculating the mediant between each pair of consecutive fractions in both axes of. Some illustrations are presented below: Figures 1-4 denote the Farey triangle graph of different order, from this graph we define Farey triangle matrix.

In the above illustrations, the like coloured lines denote the edges inserted in successive iterations.

2.3. Farey Triangle Matrix

Let be a Farey triangle. The vertices of the triangle are clearly Farey fractions. Let the abscissa be and ordinate, we obtain

The Farey triangle graph forms a matrix [6] ,

where a and b are the numerator of Farey fractions and c denote the order of the Farey sequence. k denote the number of vertices inserted to move from to.

Illustrations

1) Farey triangle matrix of order 2.

2) Farey triangle matrix of order 3

Farey triangle graph of order 3 is derived from Farey triangle graph of order 2. Here two vertices are inserted, so two Farey triangle matrices are constructed.

2.4. Theorem

The sum of the determinants of the Farey triangle matrices of prime order is given by

Proof:

In Farey triangle graph of prime order, vertices are introduced.

The ordinates; are connected only if and it forms a matrix

where

The sum of the determinant of these matrices is

2.5. Theorem

The sum of Farey triangle matrices of prime order is.

Proof:

The Farey triangle matrices of prime order

where.

3. Complementary Farey Triangle Graph

3.1. Definition

The complementary Farey triangle graph of order N is a Farey triangle with edges as the line joining vertices whose numerators are complementary with respect to the order of the graph and it forms complementary Farey triangle.

3.2. Construction of Complementary Farey Triangle Graph

The complementary Farey triangle graph of order can be constructed from complementary Farey triangle graph. The vertices are inserted as in Farey triangle graph. In this graph the

vertices are connected if the sum of the numerators of the fractions in each vertices of X and Y axis is equal to the order of the complementary Farey triangle graph. In complementary Farey triangle graph of order 2, we be-

gin with vertices and in both axes. The vertex is the origin of the complementary Farey

triangle graph. In this graph the vertices are inserted by the method of the mediant between each pair of consec-

utive fractions in both axes of. We follow the same method to obtain from.

Figures 5-7 denotes the complementary Farey Triangle Graph of different orders, from this graph we define Complementary Farey Triangle Matrix. Some illustrations are presented below:

3.3. Complementary Farey Triangle Matrix

The vertices of the complementary Farey triangle namely Farey fractions are used to construct this matrix. Let the abscissa be and ordinate. Join these vertices to form a complementary Farey triangle graph and correspondingly complementary Farey triangle matrix as given below.

where a and b are the numerator of Farey fractions and c denote the order of the Farey sequence. k denote the number of vertices inserted to move from to.

3.3.1. Illustrations

1) Complementary Farey triangle matrix of order 2.

2) Complementary Farey triangle matrix of order 3

3.3.2. Remark

.

3.4. Theorem

The sum of determinants of the complementary Farey triangle matrices of prime order p is

Proof:

Consider the complementary Farey triangle matrices of prime order.

;

where

Cite this paper

A.Gnanam,C.Dinesh, (2015) Farey Triangle Graphs and Farey Triangle Matrices. Advances in Pure Mathematics,05,738-744. doi: 10.4236/apm.2015.512067

References