Intelligent Information Management
Vol.2 No.11(2010), Article ID:3234,6 pages DOI:10.4236/iim.2010.211072
Record Values from the Inverse Weibull Lifetime Model: Different Methods of Estimation
Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
E-mail: ksultan@ksu.edu.sa
Received September 21, 2010; revised October 13, 2010; accepted November 15, 2010
Keywords: Scale Parameter, Location Parameter, Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs), Maximum Likelihood Estimates, Relative Efficiency and Monte Carlo Simulations
Abstract
In this paper, we use the lower record values from the inverse Weibull distribution (IWD) to develop and discuss different methods of estimation in two different cases, 1) when the shape parameter is known and 2) when both of the shape and scale parameters are unknown. First, we derive the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) of the scale parameter of the IWD. To compare the different methods of estimation, we present the results of Sultan (2007) for calculating the best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) of the location and scale parameters of IWD. Second, we derive the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the location and scale parameters. Further, we discuss some properties of the MLEs of the location and scale parameters. To compare the different estimates we calculate the relative efficiency between the obtained estimates. Finally, we propose some numerical illustrations by using Monte Carlo simulations and apply the findings of the paper to some simulated data.
1. Introduction
Record values arise naturally in many real life applications involving data relating to weather, sport, economics and life testing studies. Many authors have studied record values and the associated statistics; see, for example, [1-7]. Reference [8] has established some recurrence relations for the moments of record values from the Gumbel distribution. Similar work has been carried out by [9,10] for the generalized extreme value and exponential distributions, respectively. Reference [11] have also discussed some inferential methods based on record values from Gumbel distribution. [12,13] have discussed inferential techniques based on Weibull and generalized Pareto distributions, respectively. Reference [14] have compared different estimates based on record values from Weibull distribution. Reference [15] has considered different loss functions to develop the Bayesian estimates of the parameters of the IWD.
Let be the first lower record values from the IWD with density function
(1.1)
and cumulative distribution function ()
(1.2)
The scale form of the IWD has its density function given by
(1.3)
while the location-scale IWD has its density function given by
(1.4)
Reference [16] calls the IWD as the complementary Weibull distribution, while [17] call it the reciprocal Weibull distribution. Reference [18] have discussed some useful measures for the IWD.
The IWD plays an important role in many applications, including the dynamic components of diesel engines and several data set such as the times to breakdown of an insulating fluid subject to the action of a constant tension. [19] provide an interpretation of the IWD in the context of the load-strength relationship for a component. Reference [20] has fitted the IWD to the flood data. For more details on the IWD, see for example, [21].
The joint density function of the first lower record values is given by [5]
(1.5)
From (1.5), the of can be obtained as
(1.6)
where and are given in (1.1) and (1.2), respectively.
The the joint of and is given by
(1.7)
where and are given in (1.1) and (1.2), respectively.
The single and product moments of record values are (see [22])
(1.8)
and
(1.9)
where is the gamma function.
In the following section, we derive the exact form of the BLUE scale parameter and present the BLUEs of the location-scale case of IWD. Next in Section 3, we derive the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of IWD. Finally, in Section 4 we discuss the relative efficiency of the obtained estimates.
2. The BLUEs
In this section, we derive the BLUE of the scale parameter and present the BLUEs of the location and scale parameters of the IWD.
2.1. The Scale Case
Let denote the first lower record from the distribution in (1.3), and let be the corresponding record values from the IWD in (1.1). Assume
and. Then, the BLUE of the scale parameter is given by
(2.1)
and its variance is given by
(2.2)
for details, refer to [23,6]. Since the double moment can be written as
(2.3)
then the covariance matrix can be inverted analytically. Then element of can be derived as
(2.4)
From (1.8), (2.1) and (2.4), we have the BLUE of the scale parameter as
(2.5)
with variance is given by
(2.6)
It is clear from (2.5) that is an unbiased estimate of.
Table 1 below shows the coefficients of the BLUE of when to and.
The BLUE of given in (2.5), can be used to construct confidence interval for through the formula
(2.7)
where and are the lower and upper percentage points of the pivotal quantity
The cdf of is obtained to be where is the incomplete gamma function.
Example
Five lower record values are simulated from IWD with and as follows: 3.07586, .90607, 68454, .62296, .62283, by using the coefficients of the BLUE of the scale parameter given in Table 1, we have and the standard error of this estimate is
Now, we calculate the lower and upper
percentage points of of to be
and.
Then confidence interval for can be calculated from (2.7) to be.
2.2. The location-Scale Case
Reference [15] has used the single and product moments of the record values from IWD. Then, he has used these moments to calculate the coefficients of BLUEs and the variances for records of size 4,5,6 and 7 and by using the forms (see [23]).
(2.8)
Table 2 represents the coefficients of the BLUEs and for records of sizes 4, 5, 6, 7 and the shape parameter. while Table 3 represents the variances and covariances of the BLUEs in this case.
Reference [24] has used the coefficients of BLUEs in Table 2 to construct different confidence intervals for the location and scale parameters of IWD based on Edgeworth approximation and compare them with those based on Monte Calro simulation.
3. The MLEs
In this section, we discuss the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of IWD when the available data are lower record values. We consider two different cases: 1) the scale-parameter case and 2) the locationscale parameter case.
3.1. The Scale-Parameter Case
Let represents the first lower record values from the scale-parameter IWD in (1.3), then the log likelihood function is given by
(3.1)
Now, we discuss two cases. They are:
1) When unknown and known: the maximum likelihood estimate of can be obtained from (3.1) as
(3.2)
2) When both of and are unknown: the maximum likelihood estimates of and can be obtained from (3.2) by solving the following two equations as
(3.3)
and
(3.4)
From (3.2), we see that
Table 1. The coefficients of the BLUE of the scale parameter and the variance when.
Table 2. The Coefficients of the BLUEs.
Table 3. The variances and covariances of the BLUEs when.
(3.5)
which upon using (1.8) gives
(3.6)
This shows that
(3.7)
is an unbiased estimate for in this case.
The variance of is calculated to be
(3.8)
Lemma 1
The MLE of given in (3.2) is asymptotically unbiased and its variance converges to zero as.
Proof The proof can be easily done by using the expansion of gamma function see [24]
3.2 The Location-Scale Case
When represents the first n lower record values from the location-scale parameter IWD given in (1.4), then the log likelihood function is given by
(3.9)
Now, we discuss two cases. They are:
1) When is known: the maximum likelihood estimates of and can be obtained by solving the following two equations
(3.10)
(3.11)
Table 4 below displays the bias and the estimated variance of the MLEs of the location and scale parameters in this case.
2) When is unknown: the maximum likelihood estimates of, and can be obtained from (3.9) by solving the following three equations as
(3.12)
(3.13)
(3.14)
4 Relative Efficiency
To compare between the BLUEs and the MLEs obtained in Sections 2 and 3, we calculate the relative efficiency in some cases as follows:
1) For the scale case we have
2) For the location-scale case we have
Table 5 given below show the relative efficiency be
Table 4. The bias and estimated variance of the MLEs.
Table 5. The relative efficiency.
-tween the different estimates of the location and scale parameters. From Table 5, we see that, the BLUEs give more efficiency than the MLEs.
5. Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the referees for their helpful comments, which improved the presentation of the paper. Also, the author would like to thank the Research Center, College of Science, King Saud University, for funding the project (Stat/2008/31).
6. References
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