Y. B. LAI, H. Y. NI
obtain knowledge and skills of professional quality, appropriate
to the post of manufacturing, service, management and mainte-
nance, etc. This kind of quality belongs to the external domi-
nant professional quality, it can be proved through the various
degree certificates, vocational certificates, or through the pro-
fessional test to verify, and it is easy to quantify, to evaluate,
and easy to obtain the skills further improvement in the limited
training time at workplace.
Recessive Professional Quality Education
The recessive professional quality education of CHVE con-
sists in obtaining professional ethics, working attitude, psycho-
logical anti-frustration, team spirit, moral sentiment, well state
of mind, independent abilities of life and work style, etc. (Jiao
& Lai, 2010).
This quality belongs to the nature of a person, with recessive
characteristics, not can be quantified, difficult to evaluate, it
would be difficult to get the recessive quality improvement in
the limited time, even if carried out teaching and training.
Moreover, the cultivating process cannot be accomplished by
one side alone of colleges, students and social enterprises,
which need the three parties cooperating with each other for
long time. At present, the major student of CHVE is of lowest
graduated qualifications, which come from the remainders after
the undergraduate education enrollment. In addition, as the stu-
dent come from the single-child family growth environment,
generally speaking, they have recessive common-mental fick-
leness, seeking quick success and instant benefits, self con-
straint deficiency, strong individual dependence in teamwork,
poor flexibility, lacking of dedicating spirit, effective interper-
sonal exchanges and other professional quality.
The current CHVE mode, which widespread offers the
course of political education, legal basis, entrepreneurial and
employment ideological guidance, Meanwhile, the CHVE in-
culcates professional norms in curriculum and post training,
practice the recessive professional quality education. Feedback
from employment information and overall evaluation, it is dif-
ficult to meet the requirement levels in the quality of personnel
cultivating.
Mutual Relationship
The relationship between the dominant quality and recessive
quality, the dominant quality is the external performance of
recessive quality, and the recessive is dominant quality’s inter-
nal driving force. Also in the study of the relationship, the do-
mestic and foreign scholars imaged it as the “iceberg theory”
(Nielsen, 2002), that is the dominant quality skills of CHVE
accounts for only one-eighth of the entire professional quality,
and the recessive quality accounts for seven-eighths as the hid-
den underwater part of the immersed iceberg. The magnificent
and ordinary life of the whole career is supported and promoted
to progress by the recessi ve professional quality.
From the quality education of the characteristic and relation-
ship, it can be concluded that the higher vocational education
should be positive and effective developing recessive quality
education for students and lay a solid foundation for broad career.
General Education and Practice
General Education
The GE is not only a kind of idea of the universities, also a
kind of talent training mode (Schneider, 2012). It is the main-
stream of international academic curriculum reform, has been
practiced for many years in the United States, and aims to give
students a broad humanities, arts, and scientific technology
subject, to cultivate the basic important intelligence and as a
citizen of social practice abilities; the mission of GE is devel-
oping the student-oriented, namely, having broad vision, liberal
spirit and graceful feeling, and is not just a talented person with
specialization of narrow field. In the GE mode, the student need
have comprehensive understanding about the professional
knowledge in the field of workplace, way of thinking, develop-
ing trend of history and master study methods, have a solid
professional foundation and the rational knowledge and ability
structure, at the same time, they can understand the important
value orientation of contemporary society, develop the com-
prehensive personal quality and have a broad knowledge view
(Van Dijk, 2001; Chen, 2006).
Based on the GE idea, the Hong Kong higher education “3 +
3 + 4” reform aims to help students develop a broad basic
knowledge and skills to deal with new challenges in the 21st
century globalization and increasingly complex social envi-
ronment. In September 2012, the university in Hong Kong will
enter new 4-year curriculum, according to the university strat-
egy plans one after another which started from 2005-2006, the
proposed vision as the foundation and according to the past
experience, the university meet the new century to design,
launch the new 4-year curriculum, carry out the reform of
higher education in Hong Kong in concepts and innovation
teaching methods. In the past several years almost all the uni-
versity staffs participated in the work. The hardest challenge to
the new thinking is to reconstruct the new curriculum design.
The basic principle of design and management courses is the
outcome-based approaches for this teaching reform (Leon,
Mann, & Pirola-Merlo, 2001). The new curriculum aims to let
the students share a series of common learning experience,
from the core courses to learn experience summary. The im-
portant element of the new curriculum will be more compre-
hensive in training students’ generic skills and pluralistic think-
ing; No matter majoring in what subjects that the college
graduate should be to have some skills and qualities, look for a
universal value, blend arts and science together focusing on
general, also make students have democratic social needed
moral and citizen consciousness, be helpful for personal growth
and development (Lai, 2010).
In the vocational transforming very frequent age, the GE
mode can train professional broad caliber talents, whom shift
more flexible at work. As the pre-President of Chinese univer-
sity of Hong Kong said “general education is key to teach stu-
dents how to self-study, ego growth, and now the world change
very fast, perhaps the teaching object would not be useful in a
few years later, tomorrow some industries might not exist,
therefore we want our students to possess some broad vision, so
that we can cope with changes soon after in the world”.
On the present situation, it is necessary and urgent that the
CHVE should reform colleges’ curriculum to promote the qual-
ity of education by GE model.
Practical Ways
CHVE has generally adopted the method of working process
of the German higher vocational education, in the career ori-
ented, which puts forward “obtain information, guidance plan,
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