Received 1 June 2015; accepted 7 June 2015; published 10 June 2015

ABSTRACT

Using a compact heap of Fullerene nano particle moduli of a nano matrix device we propose that by maximizing the Casimir forces between these particles as a desirable effect, we can achieve a gradual rather than a sudden implosion pressure. This we expect will result in a mini holographic universe from which energy can be extracted in a way constituting a nano energy reactor functioning effectively on a hybrid principle somewhere between a Casimir effect and a cold fusion process.

Keywords:

Nano Reacter, Casimir Effect, Cold Fusion Process

1. Introduction

The physical E-infinity theory [1] -[4] which is based on transfinite set theory [4] [5] as well as substantial numbers of theorems and techniques borrowed from K-theory [7] , E-infinity mathematical theory [6] , sub-factors, knot theory, von Neumann continuous geometry [4] and in particular A. Conne’s noncommutative geometry [8] holds that all forms of energy and matter represented by Einstein’s iconic equation E = mc² are nothing but the zero point energy fluctuations of the real vacuum of spacetime [9] -[11] . In other words, in our dialectic philosophy we have a place for a non-materialistic matter described precisely by set-theoretical operations [5] [8] [10] . We habitually call this for us esoteric matter, spacetime but it can be called more mathematically, an infinite dimensional, hierarchal empty set [4] -[11] . The objective of the present paper is to show how we can extract energy from this spacetime by building a nano reactor that in a sense combines Casimir effect [10] [11] with cold fusion [12] [13] . We should stress from the outset that the literature upon which the present work is based is vast and our references [1] -[20] are the minimum required for a concise presentation. In addition we give in Appendix details of how to construct our Cantorian quantum spacetime. We draw the attention of the reader to the fact that our Banach-Tarski sphere decomposition (Figure 1) plays in the present theory a similar role to Schwinger’s source [18] [21] .

2. Preliminary Remarks

Let us start by recalling some facts about our Cantorian spacetime [4] [10] [11] . It is described by where and is the expectation topological dimension of the projection while is the expectation value of the Hausdorff dimension of the same projection. From the above analysis and in view of previously obtained results [1] [2] [11] , we notice immediately that is the cobordism of the quantum wave given by as well as being the latent Casimir topological force of spacetime all apart of being the inverse of its Hausdorff dimension, namely [4] [10] [11]

(1)

Furthermore, it cannot pass unnoticed that is the topological mass of the ordinary part of the spacetime topological energy, which leads to the ordinary energy density [10] [11] . Similarly dark energy is clearly the part of the topological energy of space associated with the surface of the zero set quantum particle, i.e. the empty set quantum wave. It is given as the product of the topological dark mass 5 which is the dimensions of Kaluza-Klein spacetime additive topological volume with the square of the topological Cantorian interval speed of light C_T (Topological) =. That means which leads to [10] [11] . After all this E-infinity and set theoretical manipulation, all that we really want to show and use is the fact that Casimir local effect and dark energy global effect are essentially the forces which produce and fuse atomic and sub-atomic particles together. A. Zakharov described this intuitively as elementary particles floating in a spacetime spanned by these particles [13] which in turn are made of the fractal spheres spacetime [14] -[16] as imagined in Figure 1. This could also be viewed as a spacetime underpinning a transfinite version of ‘Hooft’s cellular automata quantum theory [20] .

3. Fission, Fusion and Casimir Gradual Implosion

What we just said in the preceding section may strike one at first glance as difficult to grasp since fusion, as we know it from a fusion bomb, i.e. hydrogen bomb requires a huge amount of heat which can be provided in practice only via a fission bomb, i.e. an atom bomb [14] . From such a perspective cold fusion would seem like an unrealistic dream that can take place in nature only on the sun and similar hot stars or in a plasma [12] [13] . However we are proposing to manipulate the situation on the far smaller energy of nano measure spacetime, which is far less “hot” than the Planck or the Compton measure of elementary particles [9] . Thus we are dealing in effect with the Casimir energy part with a twist. To understand what we mean we go back to the fission weapon [14] . In this case ignition takes place automatically at a critical mass [14] . That way one uses either the gun method where two sub-critical masses are shot together or the second well known method, which is the implosion method when a shockwave changes the density of a non-critical mass suddenly making it critical [14] . Here we propose using nano particles to cause a gradual controlled low speed implosion of a heap of suitable nano particles to maximise the Casimir effect leading to a semi cold fusion on the level of the resolution of a quantum field theory of nano particles so that large amounts of the so produced far higher than usual Casimir energy which will escape to the surface of the heap can be extracted [10] -[13] . In other words, we are creating mini universes resembling moduli of a mini multiverse [9] giving us in effect a cold fusion Casimir nano energy reactor [10] -[13] . In this regard two well known theoretical effects will affect the real physical situation. The first is the physics and mathematics of surfaces and the 96% Dvoretzky measure concentration [15] . The second is the artificial high dimensionality of fractal sphere packing [16] . In what follows we would like to expand the preceding highly condensed ideas.

4. Phase One: Preliminary Design of a Cold Fusion Casimir Nano Energy Reactor

Let us leave the mathematical modelling of our reactor aside for now and ask ourselves how we will go on to build our reactor guided by the insight we gained so far. In practical terms it will all boil down to filling a small spherical shell with a huge amount of nano particles of various size and mixing it randomly and experiment with it to find an optimal density design. We expect to extract heat from this model by joining many such spaces in a fractal tree or network resembling a spacetime matrix which is, in the end analysis, our nano reactor [10] -[13] . In the most simplistic of terms we identify the things which we have to normally eliminate from a nanotechnological devices and just do the opposite here, i.e. maximizes what we normal minimize, namely the Casimir effect.

5. The Total Maximal Energy Locked in Our Fractal Kaluza-Klein Spacetime

To understand the theoretical scheme behind our design we need to understand the following. The entire topological energy density of the universe is the product of a fractal Klein-Kaluza spacetime dimension and the topological dimension of the empty set [17]

(2)

Inserting in Newton’s formula one finds [17]

(3)

On the other hand the topological mass of dark energy m = 5 and the topological mass of ordinary energy m = could be either m = 5 or m = by union, namely m = 5 + and with c =. This gives

and as anticipated [17] . In other words,

in all the time since 1915, Einstein’s beauty harboured in E the quintessence of the quantum theory dualism of wave and particle [17] . To end this section let us show how to arrive to D = 5 + from monadic quantum particle zero set and quantum wave empty set [10] [17] . Let us see first how the two dimensional projection of spacetime is constructed from the union of infinitely many sets for positive topological dimensions for n = 0 to n = plus infinity. This is a simple summable infinite series

. (4)

For the ground state vacuum we have to do the same for n = 0 to n = minus infinity. This is then

(5)

The total sum is thus our fractal Klein-Kaluza dimensionality

(6)

From this master expression successive reinterpretation leads to various fundamental results in an incredibly simple way. First taking on rational approximation we find that goes to the classical D = 5 Kaluza-Klein theory. Second we counted the unit border twice as should be from one view point, however from another point of view it should be only once relative to an observer living in positive dimension so that we have effectively a bosonic space with D = 4 +. Finally taking only the fractal set and disregarding the unit set, we have which upon rationalization, gives us our familiar D = 3 classical dimension.

6. Why E-Infinity and the Reasonable Effectiveness of Highly Structured Theories

Any reflective mind, whether one who occasionally uses and contributes to physical E-infinity theory or one from its inner wheels, must at a certain point ask himself why is this theory so simple mathematically and yet miraculously effective physically [1] [2] [4] . There may be more than one answer and more than one view point to explain this remarkable fact. As far as the present author is concerned, for the time being and awaiting a may be better explanation in the future, the following rationale may be partially satisfactory to a point. First E-infin- ity theory is rooted in the powerful topological global method even though it gives numerical exact results [4] . However these exact solutions and the associated exact numeric are basically due to the involved highly structured nature of the theory. Our second point is that there may be at least two main aspects of the preceding conclusion, namely the golden mean highly structured rings [6] upon which our computation is completely founded. In addition an extension of this well known aspect of E-infinity mathematical theory, the physical E-infinity Cantorian spacetime theory is itself high structured conceptually. This highly structured physical conception is what allows us to move from one physical aspect to another with almost a miraculous ease and simplicity. On the most fundamental level represents the Hausdorff dimension of the zero set [4] [11] . Going up the ladder one step higher to physics, this zero set is the model for the pre-quantum particle. Similarly the empty set is the pre-quantum wave and has a Hausdorff dimension equal. Now the Casimir plates gap enclose between them a quasi empty set in the limit while the virtual photons outside resemble pre-quantum particles. That is why we have a topological Casimir pressure equal to the difference between the empty set and the zero set giving us. On the other hand to be either a particle or a wave is simply which is the maximal possible probability belonging to the unit set because is also the topological probability of finding a Cantor point in a random Mauldin-Williams uniformly random Cantor set. The dimension of a manifold supporting such topological probability is a quotient space whose dimension is the ratio of to which means, the well known expectation value of our E-infinity Cantorian spacetime which was developed based on transfinite set theory and Finkelstein’s quantum sets [19] . The reader can now imagine how this web of expected and unexpected relations connecting initially seemingly unrelated objects arises as a highly structured and coherent theory in the golden mean resolves many problems in high energy physics and cosmology in the incredibly simple way we described earlier on. We should emphasize the role of the marvellous mathematical device invented by Felix Hausdorff [4] [9] . It is a generalization of the topological dimension to transfinite point set but it is equally a measure of disorder complexity and entropy. Consequently it plays a role in measuring the energy density as well as the mass which made it possible to find a new interpretation of Einstein’s E = mc² [17] . To put it in a single honest sentence, the physical E-infinity theory and its direct connection to K-theory, the mathematical E-infinity theory as well as n-category theory is far cleverer than the present author who is supposed to have started it. I do not think one can say more than that.

7. Conclusion

A spacetime zero point vacuum nano reactor is outlined conceptually based on quantum set theory [19] and E- infinity theory [4] [6] [11] . The crucial step in the actual design is the realization that spacetime itself is virtually an infinite reservoir of cosmic energy and that the experimentally confirmed Casimir effect is the local manifestation of fractal Cantorian spacetime fluctuation contained in its Hausdorff core dimension D = 4 + where and D = 4 are the Einstein spacetime topological dimension of special and general relativity. On the other hand dark energy, which derives from the observed accelerated cosmic expansion, is nothing but the global accumulation of the local Casimir effect [10] [11] . As in the electric Faraday cage, the information of a black hole and electrostatics is all surface rather than bulk bounded phenomena [9] , the theoretical reason is deeply related to the measure concentration predicted for high-dimensional Banach-like manifolds of Dvoretzky’s celebrated theorem [15] . Consequently our nano reactor design is based on a moduli unit mini holographic universe assembled into a matrix in a way to produce artificially high dimensionality and extracting energy from its surface. The optimal high dimensionality is 5 + where five is the dimensionality of Kaluza- Klein spacetime and is the universal fluctuation of spacetime. The inside of each moduli is basically a self similar matrix created by fractal packing of quasi spherical nano particles. In this way the Casimir effect will be maximized creating slow imploding pressure which increases the Casimir force further still and makes a cold fusion environment possible enhancing our reactor and making it de facto a hybrid Casimir-cold fusion-dark energy nano reactor [10] -[12] .

References

Appendix

How to build spacetime from quantum particles and quantum wave and visa versa

Let us start from von Neumann-Connes’ dimensional function for the x quotient noncommutative space [8] of which the Klein-Penrose fractal tiling universe [8] [9] is a generic quasi manifold

(1)

where and. Inserting the appropriate Z in D one finds the corresponding dimensions D º D_{(T, H)} where T is the Hausdorff dimension of a bijected Menger-Urysohn topological dimension T. Consequently for the zero set pre-quantum particle one finds [1] [11]

(2)

On the other hand the quantum wave which is the surface of the quantum particle is given by the cobordism empty set of the zero set. Therefore one finds [1] [11]

(3)

Proceeding in the same manner one finds an infinite number of successive empty and emptier still sets given by [1] [4] [11]

(4)

Adding to this the quantum pre-particle we have. In addition we should include the zero dimensional state given by leading to a gross sum of. This is the basic Hausdorff dimension for three (n = 3) topological Menger-Urysohn dimension as given by von Neumann-Connes dimensional function [8] or alternatively by the equivalent bijection formula of E-infinity [1] [4]

(5)

Which for n = 3 gives us the same previous result, namely

(6)

Now we can contemplate two possibilities to gauge. The first is to measure it in terms of the pre- quantum particle and find the dimension of the core of E-infinity spacetime which is the Hausdorff dimension corresponding to, namely [4] [11]

(7)

The second possibility is to gauge in terms of the pre-quantum wave [1] [4] [11]

(8)

where, is the inverse electromagnetic fine structure constant and is Hardy’s quantum entanglement. On the other hand, realizing the evident fact that a spacetime dimensionality must be consistent with the particle-wave duality then this dimensionality must be that given by the union of 4 + and, namely [4] [11]

(9)

This is simply the dimensionality of a fractal Witten’s M-theory [4] [7] or a fractal super gravity spacetime. This fractal M-theory clearly supports the particle-wave duality of quantum mechanics. It is now extremely insightful to note the following: since the pre-quantum wave is the surface of the pre-quantum particle and is the surface of the pre-quantum wave, then the average ambient spacetime in the same 2D holographic boundary [20] , i.e. is simply the same as the surface of the pre-quantum wave on average. Remembering that is the topological mass of the ordinary energy as well as being the latent topological Casimir force, one can easily realize that dark energy is a Casimir global energy and that a hybrid energy form can stem from this unity making the idea of cold fusion not as outlandish as some used to think. Consequently Nobel Laureate Julian Schwinger (see Figure A1) was not that far off in his warm enthusiasm for cold fusion [12] . Note also that Schwinger source [18] is replaced in the present theory by our Banach-Tarski theorem on sphere decomposition [21] .