K. J. SAKOMA ET AL. 59
of HCl on ethanolic solution of the dyes showed positive
and negative halocromism as can be seen in the results
summarized in Table 3. This means that the dyes can be
used as indicator in acid-base titration. The extinction
coefficients of the dyes are very high, ranging from 4.98
× 104 - 7.90 × 104 lmol–1cm–1 which are very good for
textile application.
3.4. Dyeing and Fastness Properties
The dyes were applied to polyester fabric using carrier
dyeing method and the wash fastness property was ex-
amined using I.S.O. 3 procedure. The results of the wash
fastness rating are summarized in Table 4. The dyes
gave very good levelness and fibre penetration on poly-
ester. The exhaustion was good ranging from 73% - 79%
and the wash fastness rating is very good with rating of 4
and 5 in most cases. The staining of the adjacent white
fabric is also limited with rating of 4 - 5 indicating slight
staining in most cases. The excellent wash fastness ob-
tained on polyester is due to the crystalline structure of
the polyester which disallowed the migration of dye out
of the fabric when this has entered the fabric. The light
fastness of the dyes is similarly studied and the results
are summarized in Table 4. From these results the light
fastness are good with rating of 5 in all cases. This is also
good for commercial applications.
4. Conclusion
The synthesize of azo-disperse dyes based on pyridone as
coupling component was undertaken. The relative mo-
Table 4. % Exhaustion and fastness proper tie s of the dye s.
Wash Fastness Rating
Dye No %
Exhaustion Change in
Shade
Staining of
White
Light Fastness
Rating
7a 74 5 4-5 5
7b 77 4 4-5 5
7d 76 4 4 5
7e 77 5 4-5 5
7f 72 4 4-5 5
8a 75 5 4-5 5
8b 79 4 4-5 5
8c 76 4 5 5
8d 73 4 4 5
8e 75 4 5 5
8f 75 4 4-5 5
9a 75 5 4 5
9b 75 4 4-5 5
9c 78 4 4-5 5
9d 74 5 4 5
9e 74 5 5 5
9f 74 4 4-5 5
lecular mass of 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxyl-1-methyl-
2-pyridone and 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxyl-1-ethyl-2-
pyridone were confirmed using mass spectrophotometer.
Generally, the exhaustion of the dyes was very good on
polyester fabric with excellent wash and light fastness
properties. These dyes, however, are noteworthy in their
excellent affinity and intensity of colour. Other outstand-
ing characteristics of these dyes are that they give deep
and bright hues with level dyeings. The bright hue might
be attributed to the greater planarity of the pyridone ring,
because of the lower steric interaction of a five mem-
bered ring. The remarkable degree of levelness and
brightness after washing is indicative of good penetration
and the excellent exhaustion of these dyes for the poly-
ester fabric due to the accumulation of polar groups.
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