Journal of Modern Physics
Vol. 2 No. 10 (2011) , Article ID: 8097 , 22 pages DOI:10.4236/jmp.2011.210149
Mass Spectrum in the Minimal Supersymmetric 3-3-1 Model
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física-IMEF, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
E-mail: marcosrodriguez@furg.br
Received May 18, 2011; revised July 5, 2011; accepted July 2011
Keywords: Supersymmetric Models
ABSTRACT
We consider the minimal supersymmetric extension of the 3-3-1 model. We study the mass spectrum of this model in the fermionic and gauge bosons sectors without the antisextet. We also present some phenomenological consequences of this model at colliders such as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and International Linear Collider (ILC).
1. Introduction
The models based on the (called 3-3-1 models) [1-7]. In fact, this may be the last symmetry involving the lightest elementary particles: leptons. The lepton sector is exactly the same as in the Standard Model (SM) but now there is a symmetry, at large energies among, say, and. Once this symmetry is imposed on the lightest generation and extended to the other leptonic generations it follows that the quark sector must be enlarged by considering exotic charged quarks. It means that some gauge bosons carry lepton and baryon quantum number. Although this model coincides at low energies with the SM it explains some fundamental questions that are accommodated, but not explained, in the SM as the generation number problem (The family number must be a multiple of three in order to cancel anomalies [1-7]), why is observed, the electric charge quantization [8], etc).
Since one generation of quarks is treated differently from the others this may lead to a natural explanation for the large mass of the top quark [9]. There is also a good candidate for Self Iinteracting Dark Matter (SIDM) since there are two Higgs bosons, one scalar and one pseudoscalar, which have the properties of candidates for dark matter like stability, neutrality and that it must not overpopulate the universe [10], etc.
There are two main versions of the 3-3-1 models depending on the embedding of the charge operator in the generators,
(1)
where the parameter defines two different representation contents, denotes the charge and, are the diagonal generators of. In the minimal version, with, the charge conjugation of the right-handed charged lepton for each generation is combined with the usual doublet left-handed leptons components to form an triplet. No extra leptons are needed in the mentioned model, and we shall call such model as minimal 3-3-1 model. There are also another possibility where the triplet where is an extra charged leptons wchich do not mix with the known leptons [11]. We want to remind that there is no right-handed (RH) neutrino in both model. There exists another interesting possibility, where () a left-handed anti-neutrino to each usual doublet is added to form an triplet, and this model is called the 3-3-1 model with RH neutrinos. The 3-3-1 models have been studied extensively over the last decade.
The supersymmetric version of the minimal 3-3-1 model was done at Refs. [12-15] (MSUSY331) while the version with right-handed neutrinos [4-7] has already been constructed at Ref. [16,17] (SUSY331RN), while the Supersymmetric economical 3-3-1 model with RH has been presented recently [18] (SUSYECO331).
Recently we have constructed all the spectrum from the scalar sector from the MSUSY331 model [19]. All the results obtained on that article are in agreement with the experimental bounds.
This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we review the minimal supersymmetric 331 model while in Section 4 we show how we can define one -parity in our model such way that the neutrinos can get their masses and keeping the proton and the neutron stability. While in Sections 3 and 5 we present some phenomenological consequences of this model to the colliders physics. While on Section 6 we present the masses values of all the fermions and gauge bosons of this model. Finally, the last section is devoted to our conclusions. In Appendix 8 we present the Lagrangian of this model in terms of the fields.
2. Minimal Supersymmetric 3-3-1 Model (MSUSY331)
On this Section, we present our model. We start to introduce the minimal set of particle necessary to build the supersymmetric version of model given at Ref. [11]. After the introduction of the particle content of our model we put them in the superfields, see Subsection 2.2, and then we construct the full Lagrangian of this model in Subsection 2.3. Then we show the pattern of the symmetry breaking at Subsection 2.4.
2.1. Particle Content
In the nonsupersymmetric 3-3-1 model [2,3] the fermionic representation content is as follows: lefthanded leptons (In parenthesis it appears the transformations properties under the respective factors),; left-handed quarks
, ,
;
and in the right-handed components we have the usual quarks, and the exotic quarks, these exotic quarks have charge and respectivelly. The minimal scalar representation content is formed by three scalar triplets:
and
.
Now, we introduce the minimal set of particles in order to implement the supersymmetry [20]. We have to introduce the sleptons the superpartners of the leptons and the squarks related to the quarks, both are scalars. Therefore in the supersymmetric version of this model [12-15], the fermionic content is the same as in the nonsupersymmetric 331 model and we have to add their supersymmetric partners, , , , , and. We have also to introduce the higgsinos the supersymmetric partner of the scalars of the model and the minimal higgsinos are given by, and. However, we have to introduce, the followings extras scalars, , and their higgsinos, and, in order to to cancel chiral anomalies generated by, and.
In the gauge sector we introduce the usual gauge bosons of the symmetries, it means the gluons by, the gauge boson of;, with the gauge boson of; and the gauge boson of symmetry denoted as. Now, we introduce their supersymetric partners: the gluinos, are denoted by, the gauginos of symmetry given by; and the gaugino of the last group.
In the nonsupersymmetric 3-3-1 model to give arbitrary mass to the leptons we have to introduce one scalar antisextet representation, given by. We can avoid the introduction of the antisextet by adding a charged lepton transforming as a singlet. Notwithstanding, here we will omit both the antisextet and the singlet. We are going to show in Sec.6 all the fermions and gauge bosons get their masses only with three triplets and three antitriplets in agreement with [21].
This is the minimal number of fields in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the 3-3-1 model of Refs. [12-15]. Summaryzing, we have in the 3-3-1 supersymmetric model the following superfields:, , , ,;, ,;, , and, i.e., 21 chiral superfields, and 17 vector superfields: (), () and. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) [20,22-30] there are 14 chiral superfields and 12 vector superfields.
2.2. Superfields
The superfields formalism is useful in writing the Lagrangian which is manifestly invariant under the supersymmetric transformations [31] with fermions and scalars put in chiral superfields while the gauge bosons in vector superfields. As usual the superfield of a field will be denoted by [20]. The chiral superfield of a multiplet is denoted by [31]
(2)
while the vector superfield is given by
(3)
The fields and are auxiliary fields which are needed to close the supersymmetric algebra and eventually will be eliminated using their motion equations.
2.3. The Lagrangian
On this subsection we will write only the lagrangian in the terms of superfields of the model. The Lagrangian of the model has the following form
(4)
where is the supersymmetric part and the soft terms breaking explicitly the supersymmetry.
The supersymmetric term can be divided as follows
(5)
The fermion’s lagrangian is given by [12-15]
(6)
where we have defined,;,;, are the generators of triplet and antitriplets representations, respectively, and are the Gell-Mann matrices.
In the gauge sector we have
(7)
where, e are fields that can be written as follows [31]
(8)
Finally, in the scalar sector we have
(9)
where and are the gauge coupling constants of and respectivelly and is the superpotential of the model.
The superpotential of our model is given by
(10)
with having only two chiral superfields while has three chiral superfields. The most general terms allowed by our symmetry are
,
(11)
The coefficients and have mass dimension, while all the coefficients in are dimensionless [29,30].
The most general soft supersymmetry breaking terms, which do not induce quadratic divergence, were described by Girardello and Grisaru [32]. They found that the most general terms that break supersymmetry (SUSY) can be categorized as:
• scalar mass term
(12)
• gaugino mass term
(13)
• scalar interaction terms
(14)
They, also, must be consistent with the 3-3-1 gauge symmetry. These soft terms are given by
(15)
where
(16)
due this term the gauginos get theis masses at scale where SUSY is broken while their superpartners the gauge bosons are massless, for more detail about symmetry breaking in this model see Subsection 2.4. The second term give masses to the sleptons, squarks and usual scalars is written as
(17)
while the last term is given by
(18)
2.4. Breake Structure from MSUSY331 to
The pattern of the symmetry breaking of the model is given by the following scheme(using the notation given at [2,3,12-15])
(19)
When we breaks the symmetries of our model, the scalars get the following vacuum expectation values (VEVs):
(20)
where, , , , and. From this pattern of the symmetry breaking comes the following constraint [15]
(21)
coming from, where, we have defined and. Therefore the VEV’s of our model satisfy the conditions:
. (22)
3. Phenomenological Consequences in the Lepton’s and Quark’s Sectors
In the usual 3-3-1 model the physical gauge bosons are defined as [2,3]
,
(23)
where and and are the gauge coupling constants of and, respectively.
The bosons and are called bileptons because they couple to two leptons. The charged current interactions for the fermions, came from (first equation at Equation (121)) and from (first equation at Equation (122)) we can rewrite them in the following way
(24)
where we have defined the mass eigenstates in the following way
, (25)
and. The is the usual CabibboKobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix, while is the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata mixing matrix in the neutrino sector. The new mixing matrices and containing new unknown mixing parameters due to the presence of the exotic quarks.
The gauge bosons and, both, have two units of lepton number, it means. Here is the total lepton number, give by. This model does not conserve separate family lepton number, , and but only the total lepton number is conserved.
We can define the charged gauginos, in analogy with the gauge bosons in the MSSM, in the following way [15]
.(26)
We can calculate the Higgs couplings to the usual leptons on this model, it is given by, see Equation (129) at Appendix 8. We get the following lagrangian [2,3]
(27)
the coupling is
(28)
In this model leptons with same flavor don’t couple with the neutral Higgs, therefore our lighest Higgs doesn’t couples with two electrons1 and of course it can decay in the following way, and their coupling is, see [21], due this fact our light Higgs with GeV was not detected [19] by the experiment Large Electron Positron (LEP).
We have already showed that in the Mø ller scattering and in muon-muon scattering we can show that left-right asymmetries are very sensitive to a doubly charged vector bilepton resonance but they are insensitive to scalar ones [33-35].
Similarly, we have the neutral currents coupled to both and massive vector bosons, according to the Lagrangian
(29)
with, for neutrinos and
(30)
for the charged leptons, where we have defined
We can use muon collider to discover the new neutral boson using the reaction it was shown at [34,36] that asymmetry is considerably enhanced.
The Lagrangian interaction among quarks and the is
(31)
where; with
There is also the usual QCD Lagrangian given by
(32)
the lagrangians presented at Equations (24), (29-32) are the same as appear in the 331 model [2,3]. In those lagrangians appear a lot of interestings phenomenologiacal studies presented at [37-40].
We can, also, study the following process resulting in at least three leptons coming from collision, throught the following reactions2
(33)
For example the first process has the following Feynmann diagrams drawing in Figures 1, 2. Similar diagrams can be drawn to the process (change and).
As first results, in Figure 3 we present the differencial cross section, get from the program COMPHEP [41], to the process as function of. We can conclude from this figure that the pair will be produce in a dominant way in the forward direction, in the backward direction we get small differencial cross section.
Figure 1. exchanging quark-.
Figure 2. exchanging quark-.
Figure 3. Differential Cross Section.
We have also calculated the cross section to these process as function of and and our results are shown in Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) respectively. In Figures 5(a)(b) we present the results on forwardbaskward asymmetry as function of () respectivelly. Similar results can also be get to the process.
In Figures 4, 5(a) we fixed GeV and in this case we get bigger total cross section and forward-
(a)(b)
Figure 4. Total Cross Section as function of (a) and (b).
(a)(b)
Figure 5. Asymmetry as function of (a) and (b).
baskward asymmetry if the boson mass is lower than GeV. In the right figures we fixed GeV and near GeV we get minimal point to both the cross section and forwardbackward asymmetry to other values of we get bigger values than in this case.
From Equation (32), the new gauge bosons can decay in the followings channels and. These decays modes are shown in Figure 6. The heavy quarks, and can decay to the light quark via emission to produce bilepton final states with a specific decay signature, see Figure 7.
We can conclude, from the Figures 6, 7, that the quark will decay mainly in or modes without any restrictions coming from the new bosons gauge masses, because these particles are virtual on this decay. While the quark can decay in and.
By another hand, the decay will depend of and masses. We show in Table 1 all possibles decays modes to this gauge boson.
The width of the boson is drawing in the Figure 8(a) as function of its mass. We see in this figure that the
Figure 6. U and V decay in two particles.
Figure 7. J and j decay in ordinary quarks and bileptons that will decay too.
width increase with the mass until GeV when it become constant. In Figure 8(b) we draw versus, while in Figure 8(c) we plot versus where we have fixed GeV.
We also present the width of the boson versus its mass in Figure 9(a) as function of its mass. In Figure 9(b) versus is shown, while in Figure 8(c) we plot versus. The behavior of these plots are simlar of the boson.
We can see that the main signal to the channel we have analysed is. Of course three processes, given at Equation (33), must be better studied but from our analyse we can say the experimental signal from these proces is the three lepton production. We know that this kind of signal can be detected at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) if they really exist in nature.
There are background come mainly from the SM and from MSSM [29,30]. The background from the SM comes from the, , and. The
Table 1. All possibles decays to the U boson.
Table 2. States coming from JU– – decay.
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 8. U decay width as function of (a), (b) and (c).
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 9. V decay width as function of (a), (b) and (c).
and background are known to be the major source of background come from the SM, where we have the following decays, and, for the three lepton channel. The second largest background font to three leptons channel is from events. Finally, the remaining three leptons background which should worry about is the jet production.
In the MSSM the charginos, neutralinos, gluinos and squarks pair production leads to a trilepton signature too. The trilepton final states that could arise from the decay of charginos and neutralinos. For the reaction, where and, and is the LSP. The and two LSPs do not interact and manifest themselves as missing energy. The resulting final states is three isolated charged leptons plus missing energy. While the squarks and the gluinos have the following interactions, and and the decays of squarks and gluinos are and [28-30].
To finish this analyses from interactions of gauge bosons, we can study given at Equation (126) at Appendix 8. From this lagrangian we can derive the following Feynman rules given the trilinear and quartic coupling. On this case we get the same results presented [42,43], given at Table 3. Here the following notations were used
(34)
4. R-Parity
The R-symmetry was introduced in 1975 by A. Salam and J. Strathdee [44] and P. Fayet [22] to avoid the interactions that violate either lepton number (L) or baryon number (B) conservation. There is very nice review about this subject in Refs. [45,46]. More precisely, R-parity can be written as
(35)
where is the spin of the particle.
We said above that only the total lepton number, , remains a global quantum number (or equivalently we can define as the global conserved quantum number where B is the baryonic number [11]). However, if we assume the global symmetry, it allows us to introduce the -conserving symmetry, defined as
. The number attribution is
Table 3. Trilinear and Quartic couplings in the MSUSY331.
(36)
with for the other Higgs scalar, while for leptons and the known quarks coincides with the total lepton and baryon numbers, respectively.
Choosing the following R-charges
(37)
it is easy to see that all the fields, , , , , , , , , and have R-charge equal to one, while their superpartners have opposite R-charge similar to the MSSM. The terms which satisfy the defined above symmetry (37) are given by
(38)
In this case only the quarks get masses. However not all of the leptons get mass. This is because the Yukawa coupling is only non-zero when it is antisymmetric in the generation indices (). In the usual 331 model to generate the charged lepton masses we have to introduce an antisextet, as we don't introduce this scalar in our model the charged leptons are massless in this case. The neutrinos are also massless.
However, if we want to allow neutrinos to get their masses and at the same time avoid the fast nucleon decay we can choose the following -charges
(39)
In this case, the terms allow in our superpotential are
(40)
In our superpotential, we can generate mass to neutrinos, as we will show in the next section. We maintain the proton stability at tree-level [12-14]. However it is not enough to forbid the dangerous processes of nucleon decay. Fortunatelly our super-potential forbid the neutron-antineutron oscillation, see Refs. [29,30,45- 47].
The last term in this superpotential induce the following nice process [29,30,45]
1) Double Beta Decay without Neutrinos 2) New contributions to the Neutrals and also Systems;
3) An additional contribution to the muon decay;
4) Charged Current Universality in and decays;
5) Charged Current Universality in the Quark Sector;
6) Leptonic Decays of Heavy Quarks Hadrons such as
;
7) Rare Leptonic Decays of Mesons like8) Hadronic Meson Decay Asymmetries.
it also give the following direct decays of the lightest neutralinos
(41)
and for lightest charginos
(42)
These very nice aspects also is hold in SUSY331RN and in SUSYECO331 models [48].
5. Chargino and Neutralino Production
However, on this model we have doubly charged vector bosons and scalars, respectivelly. This means that in some supersymmetric extensions of these kind of models we will have double charged charginos [15,49,50]. On this model the charginos can decay in the following way
,
,
. (43)
Possible two body modes decays of sleptons are
. (44)
In a previous work [15,49,50] we have have calculated the total cross section to the reactions
.(45)
we know that the ILC will start to run with TeV and therefore this detector can detect them if they really exist in nature.
Take this information into account we can say that
.(46)
Again another interesting signal that can be measured at the International Linear Collider (ILC).
Naturally these particles can also be detected at LHC through, in a similar way as described above, throught the processes
,
(47)
and on this case we thinks it will be intersting to study these process to the LHC.
6. Mass Spectrum
Here in this article, we want to present the mass spectrum of the Minimal Supersymmetric 3-3-1 model. We will present first the results in the fermionic sector, then in the bosonic sector.
6.1. Leptons Masses
In a previous work we have shown that, in the MSUSY331, we don’t need to use the antisextet to generate the masses to the leptons.
Let us first considered the charged lepton masses. Denoting
(48)
where all the fermionic fields are still Weyl spinors, we can also, as before, define, and the mass termwhere is given by:
(49)
with Equation (50)
(50)
where we have defined and at Equation (20).
The chargino mass matrix is diagonalized using two unitary matrices, and, defined by
(51)
(andsometimes are denoted, in non-supersymmetric theories, by and, respectively). Then we can write the diagonal mass matrix as
(52)
To determine and, we note that
(53)
and define the following Dirac spinors:
(54)
where is the particle and is the anti-particle.
We will use the following values for the dimensionless parameters
,
(55)
(56)
and for the mass dimension parameters (in GeV) we have used:
(57)
(58)
We also use the constraint coming from, where, we have defined and. Assuming that
(59)
the value of is fixed by the constraint above.
We have obtained, considerating Equations (55)-(59), the following masses (in GeV) for the charged sector:
,
, (60)
and the masses for the usual leptons (in GeV), and.
We can say from the values presented above that we can detect at ILC or LHC several charginos (since until at least) using the processes given at Equations (43),(45).
Notice, from Equation (60), that the electron is massless at the tree level. This is a result of the structure of the mass matrix in Equation (50) and there is not a symmetry that protects the electron to get a mass by loop corrections. We obtain that the dominant contribution to the electron mass is, up to logarithmic corrections [21]
, (61)
and with all the indices fixed, denotes mixing matrix elements in the two dimension space, means the same but in the d-like squark sector. We obtain GeV if and have the values already giving above.
6.2. Neutralinos
Like in the case of the charged sector, the neutral lepton masses are given by the mixing among neutrinos, gauginos and higgsinos. The mass term in the basis
, (62)
is given by where (63).
(63)
All parameters in Equation (63), but, are defined in Equations (20), (55) and (58); and denote the gauge coupling constant of and, respectively.
The neutralino mass matrix is diagonalized by a rotation unitary matrix, satisfying
, (64)
and the mass eigenstates are
. (65)
We can define the following Majorana spinor to represent the mass eigenstates
. (66)
As above the subindices run over the lepton generations.
We get, considerating Equations (55)-(59) and GeV, the following mass spectrum (in GeV), see mass matrix in Equation (63), to the neutralinos at the tree level
(67)
and for the three neutrinos we obtain (in eV)
. (68)
The neutrino masses in Equation (68) are of the order of magnitude for LSND and solar neutrino data.
6.3. Double Charged Charginos
We will use the following notation
and
, (69)
we can write the following equation [15]
, (70)
where
, (71)
with Equation (72).
(72)
The matrix in Equation (71) satisfy the following relation
(73)
so we only have to calculate to obtain the eigenvalues. Since is a symmetric matrix, must be real, and positive because is also symmetric.
The double chargino mass matrix is diagonalized using two rotation matrices, and, defined by
. (74)
where and are unitary matrices such that
, (75)
the matrix is defined in Equation (70). To determine and, we note that
, (76)
which means that diagonalizes while diagonalizes. It means
. (77)
We performe the diagonalization procedure, as used to charginos and neutralinos. We get the following numerical results in
.
We can say from the values presented above and from Neutralinos that we can detect at ILC or LHC double charginos (since until at least) and neutralinos (since until at least) using the processes given at Equations (45,47) at ILC or LHC.
We define the following Dirac spinors to represent the mass eigenstates:
(78)
where is the particle and is the anti-particle, (we are using the same notation as in [20]).
6.4. Quarks Masses
Let us first considered the u-quarks type. There are interactions like
, (79)
which imply a general mixing in the u-quark sector. Denoting
, (80)
where all the u-quarks fields are still Weyl spinors, we can also, define. We can define the mass term where is given by:
, (81)
with
, (82)
where the VEVs are defined in Equation (20).
The u-quarks mass matrix is diagonalized using two rotation matrices, and, defined by
. (83)
Then we can write the diagonal matrix (and are unitary) as
. (84)
In order to determine and, we note that
, (85)
and define the following Dirac spinors
. (86)
We can perform similar analyses to the d-quark sector. There are interactions like
(87)
which imply a general mixing in the d-quark sector. Denoting
, (88)
where all the d-quarks fields are still Weyl spinors, we can also, define We can define the mass term where is given by:
, (89)
with
, (90)
where all the VEVs are defined in Equation (20).
The d-quarks mass matrix is diagonalized using two rotation matrices, and, defined by
. (91)
We can determine and in the following way
, (92)
and define the following Dirac spinors
. (93)
In general the Yukawa couplings and are different of zero and all quarks get their masses as happen in the SM and in the MSSM. However, we know that the quarks are heavier then the quark and the quark is lighter than the quark.
We can try to given an reasonable explanation about these mass hierarchy in this model. In order to get this explanation we can suppose that the Yukawa couplings are much smaller than the other Yukawa couplings that appear at mass matrices of the usual quarks. This hypothesis means we are going to neglect the mixing between the first and second familly with the first familly.
Under this supposition we can rewrite our mass matrices, given at Equations (82), (90), in the following way
,
(94)
We know from Equation (59) that then Equation (94) explain why the quarks of charge are heavier than the quarks of charge.
By another way
, (95)
but, from Equation (59) we notice that and if we can explain why -quark is a little more heavier than -quark.
There are another way to try to explain the mass hierarchy between the fermions. If we look from Equations (50,82,90), it is easy to note that we can prevent u, d, s and e from picking up tree-level masses. To get this result we need to impose the following symmetry on the Lagrangian
, (96)
the others superfields are even under this symmetry as showed at Ref. [51]. On this case, it was showed that under symmetry the heavy quarks and acquire mass at tree level while the light quarks () get their mass at 1-loop level.
There is another intersting possibility to get, light. We can introduce a new discrete flavor symmetry as done in [52].
6.5. Masses of Exotic Quarks
We will consider the J-quark type. There are interactions like
, (97)
which imply one diagonalized state with the following mass
. (98)
The another exotic quark j. There are interactions like
, (99)
which imply a general mixing in the j-quark sector. Denoting
, (100)
where all the j-quarks fields are still Weyl spinors, we can also, define We can define the mass term where is given by:
, (101)
with
, (102)
where the values VEVs are defined in Equation (20).
The j-quarks mass matrix is diagonalized using two rotation matrices, and, defined by
. (103)
Then we can write the diagonal matrix (and are unitary) as
. (104)
We note that
. (105)
The masses of physical are
,
.(106)
Notice that if is zero we get that
, (107)
therefore and can be both zero that both and are massive.
If we consider that, and are the same order, for example for example, it means from Equations (59), (98), (107) that -quark is heavier than quarks and their masses are in TeV scale.
We define the following Dirac spinors
. (108)
6.6. The Masses of Gluinos
It is well known gluinos are the supersymmetric partners of the gluons. Therefore gluinos, as in the MSSM, are the color octet fermions in the model and due the fact that the group is unbroken, it means the gluinos can not mix with any others particles in the model, then they are already mass eigenstates.
Their mass, is one of the soft parameter that break SUSY, can be written as
(109)
so that its mass at tree level is, as denoted at Equation (16) and Refs. [12-15], where
(110)
is the Majorana four-spinor defining the physical gluinos states.
6.7. Gauge Bosons Masses
The gauge mass term is given by which we can divided in and, see Refs. [12-15].
The neutral gauge boson mass is given by
, (111)
where
(112)
with.
In the approximation that, the masses of the neutral gauge bosons are:, and, and the masses are given by
(113)
The charged gauge boson mass term, see Refs. [12-15], can be written as
(114)
where
. (115)
Comparing Equations (113), (115) we can conclude
. (116)
Using given in Equation (115) and in Equation (113) we get the following relation:
, (117)
therefore we obtain
. (118)
We want to mention that the gauge boson sector is exactly the same as in the non-supersymmetric 3-3-1 model.
We use Equation (59) in Equations (113,115) to get the following masses values for the gauge bosons
(119)
These values satisfy the Equation (116) and and are in agreement with the experimental limits. The lower limit in boson is GeV [53] and our mass is in agreement with this experimental limit.
7. Conclusions
In this paper we have presented new R-symmetry for the minimal supersymmetric model and studied all the spectrum from the fermion's sector and gauged’s boson sector of this model. We also show that some of the new state as, , , and can be discovered by LHC or same ILC, if they really exist.
The new R-parity not only provides a simple mechanism for the mass generation of the neutrinos but also gives some lepton flavor violating interactions at the tree level. This will play some important phenomenology in our model such as the proton’s stability, forbiddance of the neutron-antineutron oscillation and neutrinoless double beta decay.
8. Acknowledgments
This work was financed by the Brazilian funding agency CNPq, under contract number 309564/2006-9.
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Lagrangian
The goal of this Appendix is to present all terms in the lagrangian of the model, which we have used in this work.
A.1. Lepton Lagrangian
In the term can be written as [31]
(120)
where
(121)
A.2. Quark Lagrangian
As above we can write to the quarks
,
,
(122)
A.3. Scalar Lagrangian
,
,
,
(123)
where the covariant derivative of are given by:
. (124)
A.4. Gauge Lagrangian
Now we are dealing with that can be expanded as
(125)
where
,
(126)
with
, ,
, , (127)
are the constant structure of gauge group.
A.5. Superpotential Lagrangian
,
.(128)
As componentes de cada lagrangiana são escritas como
,
,
,
,
.(129)
NOTES
1I would like to thanks E. Gregores that call my attention to this dangeours Higgs decay channel.
2I would like to thank to Alexander Belyaev that call my attention to the first process.