ABSTRACT

The article is based on the use of experimental polyploidy method, with the introduction of new introgressive hybrid forms combining several species genotype with pathogenic Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and the effects of mycotoxins separated from the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum micromicette on the yield of plant seeds. New artificial complex hypertension forms based on experimental polyploidy Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum combine the potential of resistance to mycotoxins separated from microcrystals, making a tremendous contribution to the selection of new varieties and to the effectiveness of selection as a result of the use of genetic selective research as genetic-selective genetic-selector studies.

Keywords:

Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, Cotton, Mycotoxin, Experimental Polyploidy

1. Introduction

Currently, one of the major areas of agriculture in the world is focusing on the improvement of the genetic capacity of valuable crops of cultivated crops through the use of cotton (Gossypium L.) crop, which is a genetically resistant source of resistant diseases and pests and wild ancestors of agricultural crops. One of the pressing issues is the expansion of cotton-fiber orientation and the creation of highly productive cotton varieties with high competitiveness and high quality in the world.

As known, the most common pathogenic Verticillium and Fusarium species in the microorganisms in the soil have a negative effect on the disease of one year, two years and perennial plants [1] [2] .

Sherimbetov A.G. [3] studied the species of G. hirsutum L. on the varieties of samples in their varieties, which is separated from fungi belonging to Fusarium family. As a result of the research, the 576,601,656 strains of the F. oxysporum strains isolated from the fucarial inflammation in the Bukhara region were found to be 8.0% - 35.0%, and 6 of Bukhara―16.0% - 31.0% which had a negative impact on the decline. The 595 strains isolated from the soil have detected the negative effects of AN-Bayaut-2 and Bukhara 6 on 100.0% seeds degradation.

Participation in the Gossypium L. tetraploidal and diploidal species involves the use of experimental polyploidy techniques to provide valuable economic and agricultural diseases (gomosis, fuzariosis, fuzariosis, and verticalisation), resistant to insecticides. And the results of research by foreign scientists have been applied to genetics and selective selection [4] - [11] . Specifically Australian varieties (2n = 26) have valuable properties. In particular, insufficient gossypol glands in the seeds are consumed by humans and animals as potential source of food, pest infestation (Aphis gossupii Glov., Acari Leach), diseases (Fusarium, Verticillium), low temperature and abiotic stress drought are resistant to factors [12] [13] [14] [15] . G. arboreum diploidal type (2n = 26) was identified as pests (Apolygus lucorum) [16] , disease (Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum) [17] [18] [19] and drought resistance [20] .

S.S. Kanash [21] [22] has studied instrumental solving many of the theoretical and practical questions facing genetic and selection. It has been shown that G. hirsutum L. and G. herbaceum L. species are resistant to germose (Xanthomonas malvacearum Dows.), Resistant to the hybrid of G. barbbadense L. and G. arboreum L. on the basis of hybridisation by S-3802 resistant to fusarium (Fuzarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum ND) and has a close proximity to the G. barbbadense species of G. arboreum species on the silkiness, elasticity and aging of the fiber.

Specimen species of G. herbaceum L. and G. arboreum L. were used as donor species in intersection of tetraploid varieties, especially for disease and insect resistance [23] .

2. Materials and Methods

The first source of research is the new introgressive hybrid forms [24] , which combine genotype with a number of species on the basis of the experimental polyploidy method and Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (obtained from the Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms―a Unique Scientific Object of the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan).

The fungal specimens were grown in 100 ml of the Chapek-Doksa feeding medium for 15 days in 250 ml tubes at a temperature of 25˚C - 270˚C (Figure 1(a)). After the cultivation process was completed, filtered to separate the mycelium from the feed medium (Figure 1(b)).

The effects of toxins in the cultured fluid of fungi were tested for 30 seeds.

Seeds of 30 seeds were screened for cultured fluid in the fungus for one day. Seeds of control were sown in Chapek-Doksa food and distilled water (Figure 1(c)). Sprinkled seeds were placed in a sun-dried camera with a temperature of 18˚C to 200˚C (Figure 1(d) and Figure 1(e)) to observe the rate of flour in a 7 to 10-day moist cell in a Petri dish. On the tenth day of the experiment, the rate of seeding, the root and the length of the seeds were measured (Figure 1(f)).

Characteristics of mitotoxin cultivation of fungi are reduced by the reduction of reproductive tissue, reduction of root and stomach growth by the following formula:

$T=100\%-\left(L/Lk\cdot 100\right)$

Depending on the pathogenicity of studied plants, it is divided into the following groups:

Strong resistant―no more than 0.0% - 30.0% seeds.

Low-resistant―31.0% - 50.0% without seeds.

Medium-resistant―51.0% - 70.0% without seeds.

Strongly unstable―71.0% - 100.0% of seeds did not sprout.

3. Results

During the research, the level of influence of mycotoxins on the yield of plant seeds separated from microcucetes of Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum was investigated, using new experimental hypertrophy forms combining genotype with the use of experimental polyploidy method. It should be noted that the introgressive hybrid forms of studied plants showed that the tolerance of plant seeds was 100.0% (Table 1) F₂C G. hirsutum ssp. euhirsutum “Kelajak” × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii) hybrids combination. The low strength of mycelium (50.0%) against mycotoxins of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum was observed (Figure 2).

F₂C G. hirsutum ssp. euhirsutum “Namangan 77” × (ssp. obtusifolium, indicum × G. australe) hybrid combination with mycelium from Verticillium dahliae was 50.0%. In this study, in combination with hybrid, the resistance of the mycotoxins from the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum microcrycate was strongly determined (75.0% of the seeds did not grow).

F₂B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (with white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] backcross hybrid combination of bacterial bicolor Verticillium dahliae tolerance was 90.0%. The effect of mycotoxins separated from the fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum microcrystine was 50.0%. In the future combinations of bacterium bacteria, Verticillium dahliae, the mycotoxin effect is the result of plant 25.0% to 30.0% of the seeds are resistant to frostbite. In the combination of F₂B₁С Наманган 77 × [Наманган 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum ×

G.australe)], [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (with white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] × Kelajak the Verticillium dahliae did not show any suture toxic effects. It should be noted, however, that F₂B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77 coincidental bicuspid combination Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum has a tolerance of 25.0% (Figure 3).

Also, F₂B₁С Namangan 77 × [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)], [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (with white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] × Kelajak in the future backcross hybrid combinations Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vaginfectum the effect of mycotoxins separated from the micromycetes was recorded in the level of high durability (100.0% of the seeds did not grow).

The effect of mycotoxins on the yield of plant seeds separated from micromieces by the family of Feminine Combine “Family 1”, “Family 3” Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum with combination of hybrid combination of F₃С Наманган 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe) low and moderately resistant position. The F₃С Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe) hybrid combination of “Family 4” Verticillium dahliae mycotoxins has shown strong resistance. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum has a tolerance of 50.0%. F₃С Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe) in “Family 2”, Verticillium dahliae tolerance was 70.0%, and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum caused mycotoxins by 90.0% (Figure 4). The fertility of the seeds was 50.0% - 66.7% due to the effect of mycotoxin of Verticillium on the family of F₃С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (with white

fiber) × G.nelsonii) “Family 1”, “Family 2”. The F₃С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii) “Family 3” and “Family 4” were found to be 90.0% stronger than the Verticillium dahliae mycotoxin effect.

The F₃С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G.nelsonii) was found to be moderately resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in “Family 1”, “Family 3” combination. This hybrid was recorded in the “Family 2” and “Family 4” combinations as relatively high (80,0%).

Fumigation of germs of plant seeds was 95.0% due to mycotoxins separated from the Verticillium dahliae microscope in “Family 2” of backcross hybrid combinations of F₃B₁С Namangan 77 × [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G.australe)] (Figure 5(a)). F₃B₁С Namangan 77 × [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G.australe)] in family “Family 1”, “Family 3”, Verticillium dahliae tolerance was 25.0% - 50.0% mycotoxin resistance was found in “Family 4”. Foci of uptake of seeds under the influence of mycotoxins separated from the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum microscopy of “Family 4” was found to be 50.0% in the backcross hybrid combination of F₃B₁С Namangan 77 × [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G.australe)].

However, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum was unstable in “Family 1”, “Family 2” and “Family 3”. F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77 was presented in the strong “Family 1”, “Family 2” in Verticillium dahliae’s strong resistance. In the “Family 3”, Verticillium dahliae was found to be less tolerant (33.3% of seeds did not grow) in the backcross hybrid combination of F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77. F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77 combustion combination “Family 4” Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum the degree of resistance of mycotoxins separated from micromycetes to germliness of plant seeds. F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77 was found to be high in tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in “Family 2” and “Family 3” backcross hybrid combination. F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77 backcross hybrid combination with “Family 1” Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum was shown to be strong (Figure 5(b)).

F₃B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] as a result of mycotoxins isolated from the Verticillium dahliae microcrycine in the family “Family 1”, “Family 2”, “Family 4” 25.0% - 50.0% of seeds were sown. F₃B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] was found to be high in tolerance to the Verticillium dahliae in “Family 3” (Figure 5(c)). F₃B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] as a result of the effects of mycotoxins separated from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in “Family 2”, “Family 3”, “Family 4” 95.0% of seeds were sown. It was found that 75.0% of the seeds did not grow due to F₃B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] with the effect of the combination of bacterial hybrid “Family 1” Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. F₃B₁С [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] In the family “Family 1” and “Family 2” combination of future bacterial bacteria, Verticillium dahliae was found to be 25.0% - 50.0%, And in “Family 3”, it was noted that seeds were generally unchanged. F₃B₁С [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii)] in “Family 4”, the combination of anticoagulant hybridis with Verticillium dahliae was found to be highly tolerant (Figure 5(d)). F₃B₁С [Kelajak (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G.nelsonii)] × Kelajak backcross hybrid combinations Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum mycotoxins are resistant. In particular, “Family 1” and “Family 2” were affected by mycotoxins 25.0%, “Family 3” and “Family 4” were strongly endangered.

The F₄С Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G.australe) was recorded in the “Family 2” and “Family 3” combination of hybrid combination with Verticillium dahliae high reliability (95.0%). As a result of mycotoxins isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum micro metracycry, 80.0% - 90.0% of the seeds were found (Figure 6). F₄С Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe) resulted in 70.0% of mycotoxins isolated

from microparticles microcrystals “Family 1” and “Family 4” in Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, seeds were sown. F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii) was found to be moderately resistant to the Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum mycotoxins in the “Family 1” combination of hybrids.

The F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii) was recorded in Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum at 90.0% in family “Family 2”. F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii) “Family 3” showed that 95.0% seeds were affected by the Verticillium dahliae mycotoxin effect. As a result of the effects of mycotoxins separated from the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum microcrysta, 80.0% were sown. The F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii) hybrid combination was found to be 96.0% in Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum with a combination of hybrid combination (Figure 7).

Thus, according to the analysis of the degree of effectiveness of mycotoxin sulphide seeds on microorganisms of Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum microscitres, new recombinant hybrid forms were found to be comparable to F₂С hybrid combination in F₄С hybrid combination combinations, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, how much F₄С demonstrates the presence of polymeric nature of the dominant alleles of the genes involved in the growth of the gene in the generation. F₃B₁С Namangan 77 × [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] “Family 2”, F₃B₁С [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii)] × Kelajak “Family 1”, F₄С Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe) “Family 2”, “Family 3”, F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii) “Family 3” Verticillium dahliae micromoxetine mycotoxins tolerance. F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G. australe)] × Namangan 77 “Family 2”, “Family 3”, F₃B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii) “Family 2”, “Family 4”, F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii)] mycotoxins of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum microscopy in “Family 2”

are strongly resistant to germliness of plant seeds was observed. F₃B₁С [Namangan 77 × (ssp. obtusifolium var. indicum × G.australe)] × Namangan 77 “Family 4”, F₃B₁С Kelajak × [Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) G. nelsonii)] “Family 3”, F₄С Kelajak × (ssp. nanking (white fiber) × G. nelsonii) hybrid combinations Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, have been found to have high rates of mycotoxin susceptibility to microbial seeds. The new artificial complicated hybrid forms combine the potential for resistance to the disease in their Kario-Plazma on agricultural diseases, making a huge contribution to the selection of new varieties and the effectiveness of selection as a result of the use of genetic selective research in genetic-selective studies on the improvement of economic characteristics.

Cite this paper

Sirojidinov, B.A., Abdullayev, A., Sherimbetov, A.G., Narimanov, A.A. and Omonov, B.A. (2018) Tolerance of New Introgressive Hybrid and Backcross Forms Pathogenic Micromitisms (Verticillium dahliae Kleb and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 9, 1308-1320. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.96096

References