The cattlemen of the steppe are faced with climate risks whose consequences are at the origin of one of the essential mechanisms of the degradation of resources natural fodder, thus making uncertain the food of livestock. Thus, faces to the changing socio-economic and climatic risks, the pastoral society has implemented different adaptive strategies to ensure the reproduction of its operating systems. The objective of this study is to analyze the patterns of the use of the space of the pastoral area called El-Bayadh in order to show how the actors adopt and adapt the techniques of production available in order to ensure the security of the production of their exploitation in an environment particularly fragile, hostile and vulnerable. It is therefore to take knowledge of the basic strategies implementation and the responses provided by the livestock producers to protect themselves against the consequences of a difficult climate in order to ensure the conduct of the food needs of their animals and the reproduction of their operating system.
The steppe has had a strong development marked by an increase of the livestock and the rural population. The grazing resources have experienced a decrease due to the expansion of cultivation, the failures of agricultural policies and climate change (drought). This has made the pastoral farming much more fragile and vulnerable. In this context, the cattlemen have adopted a set of strategies (complementation, mobility, irrigation, etc.). The farmers with land appear better resist to the decapitalization. By contrast, the farmers without land are doomed to disappear.
This study has allowed to reveal that on the methodological level, the approach and the tools adopted have resulted in a better understanding of the strategies implemented in works by the cattlemen to meet the contingencies to maintain and reproduce their holdings. Thus, it appears essential to undertake a number of studies and researches tailored to the request. By order of priority, it will be necessary to consider: the creation of an Observatory Production System.
On the other hand, the need of the organization of the livestock industry is in cooperative association. These proposals can be achieved only by means of appropriate methodological and multidisciplinary teams.