In this paper, we investigate the Rotating N Loop-Soliton solution of the coupled integrable dispersionless equation (CIDE) that describes a current-fed string within an external magnetic field in 2D-space. Through a set of independent variable transformation, we derive the bilinear form of the CIDE Equation. Based on the Hirota’s method, Perturbation technique and Symbolic computation, we present the analytic N-rotating loop soliton solution and proceed to some illustrations by presenting the cases of three- and four-soliton solutions.
During the past several years, the study of coupled nonlinear evolution Equations has played an important role in explaining many interesting phenomena, like electromagnetic wave propagation in impurity media, water waves, pulse in biological chains and so on [
So far, several successful methods have been developed to obtain explicit solution for soliton Equations, such as the Inverse Scattering Transformation (IST) [
In Ref [
q x t + 1 2 ( r s ) x = 0 , r x t − q x r = 0 , s x t − q x s = 0 , (1)
where Equation (1) describes the current-fed within an external magnetic field [
The aim of this work is to verify if the congestion, due to the displacement of a great number of soliton will modify the conservation properties observed for the case of two solitons. Indeed, we provide the explicit expression of the N-Rotating loop soliton solution to the CIDE for the general positive integer N ≥ 2 and to illustrate our general result, we discuss particular cases of N. Thus the following paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we summarize the transformation of the CIDE Equation (1) into an Equation in bilinear form. In section 3, we give the full expression of the N-Rotating loop soliton solution and we illustrate our results by considering in detail the cases of N = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and we end this work with a brief summary.
Let us consider the following setting [
r = X + i Y , s = X − i Y ,
q = Z , σ = x + t , τ = x − t , (2)
which inserted into Equation (1) gives
r τ τ − r σ σ = ( r τ + r σ ) × ( J × r ) , (3)
where r = ( X , Y , Z ) stands to be the vector position of the string, J = ( 1,0,1 ) is the constant electric current [
D x D t Q ⋅ F = Q ⋅ F , D t 2 F ⋅ F = 1 2 Q ⋅ Q ∗ , (4)
using the transformation
r = Q F , q = x − 2 ∂ t ln F , (5)
where D denotes the Hirota’s derivative [
F = 1 + ϵ 2 F 2 + ϵ 4 F 4 + ⋯ + ϵ 2 i F 2 i + ⋯ , Q = ϵ Q 1 + ϵ 3 Q 3 + ⋯ + ϵ 2 i + 1 Q 2 i + 1 + ⋯ . (6)
Substituting the expansion into the above bilinear Equations, we find that there are only even order terms of ϵ in the first Equation while odd order terms in the second one. Arranging the coefficients at each order of ϵ , we have
ϵ : D x D t ( 1 ⋅ Q 1 ) = Q 1 , ϵ 2 : D t 2 ( 1 ⋅ F 2 + F 2 ⋅ 1 ) = 1 2 Q 1 Q 1 ∗ , ϵ 3 : D x D t ( 1 ⋅ Q 3 + Q 1 ⋅ F 2 ) = Q 3 + Q 1 F 2 , ϵ 4 : D t 2 ( 1 ⋅ F 4 + F 2 ⋅ F 2 + F 4 ⋅ 1 ) = 1 2 ( Q 1 Q 3 ∗ + Q 3 Q 1 ∗ ) , ϵ 5 : D x D t ( 1 ⋅ Q 5 + Q 1 ⋅ F 4 + Q 3 ⋅ F 2 ) = Q 1 F 4 + Q 3 F 2 + Q 5 , ϵ 2 i : D t 2 ( ∑ m = 0 i F 2 m ⋅ F 2 i − 2 m ) = 1 2 ( ∑ k = 0 i − 1 Q 2 k + 1 Q 2 i − 2 k − 1 ∗ ) , ϵ 2 i + 1 : D x D t ( ∑ l = 0 i Q 2 l + 1 ⋅ F 2 i − 2 l ) = ( ∑ l = 0 i Q 2 l + 1 F 2 i − 2 l ) . (7)
It is then possible to obtain at the required order the required number of soliton solutions by determining the full expansion of F and Q.
In this section, we derive the rotating solitons i.e., solutions that the Z component of the angular momentum is a conserved quantity. In order to construct one-rotating soliton solution, we take
Q 1 = exp ( η 1 ) , (8)
where η 1 = k 1 x + ω 1 t + γ 1 . Substituting it into Equation (7), limiting our interest to the terms of ϵ i , i ≤ 2 , we obtain
ω 1 k 1 = 1 , F 2 = A j 1 ∗ i 1 exp ( η 1 + η 1 ∗ ) , i 1 = j 1 = 1 , (9)
the first part of Equation (9) standing for the dispersion relation and the coeffi-
cient A 1 ∗ 1 is giving by A 1 ∗ 1 = 1 4 ( ω 1 + ω 1 ∗ ) 2 . This show that the expansion can be
truncated as the finite sum
F = 1 + ϵ 2 exp ( η 1 + η 1 ∗ ) 4 ( ω 1 + ω 1 ∗ ) 2 , Q = ϵ exp ( η 1 ) . (10)
Absorbing the parameter ϵ into the phase constant γ 1 gives the one-ro- tating soliton solution of the CIDE as it is depicted in
Next, we choose the solution of Equation (7) while limiting our interest to the terms of ϵ i , i ≤ 4 to be
Q 1 = A 1 exp ( η 1 ) + A 2 exp ( η 2 ) , (11)
where the phase η i = k i x + ω i t + γ i and the dispersion relation k i ω i = 1 with i = 1 , 2 . From Equation (7) we have
F 2 = A 1 ∗ 1 exp ( η 1 + η 1 ∗ ) + A 2 ∗ 1 exp ( η 1 + η 2 ∗ ) + A 1 ∗ 2 exp ( η 2 + η 1 ∗ ) + A 2 ∗ 2 exp ( η 2 + η 2 ∗ ) , Q 3 = A 1 ∗ 12 exp ( η 1 + η 2 + η 1 ∗ ) + A 2 ∗ 12 exp ( η 1 + η 2 + η 2 ∗ ) F 4 = A 1 ∗ 2 ∗ 12 exp ( η 1 + η 2 + η 1 ∗ + η 2 ∗ ) , (12)
where
A i 1 = 1 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 ) , A j 1 ∗ i 1 = 1 4 ( ω i 1 + ω j 1 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 j 1 = 1 , 2 ) , A j 1 ∗ i 1 i 2 = 4 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 ; i 2 = 2 j 1 = 1 , 2 ) , A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 = 4 2 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 ; i 2 = 2 j 1 = 1 ; j 2 = 2 ) . (13)
According to the above analysis, the two-rotating soliton solution is obtained when we substitute Equations (11)-(13) into Equation (5) as it is depicted in
Generally we can conjecture the N-rotating soliton solution as
F = 1 + ∑ m = 1 [ N ] ∑ N C m N C m A j 1 ∗ ⋯ j m ∗ i 1 ⋯ i m exp ( η i 1 + ⋯ + η i m + η j 1 ∗ + ⋯ + η j m ∗ ) , Q = ∑ m = 0 [ N − 1 ] ∑ N C m N C m + 1 A j 1 ∗ ⋯ j m ∗ i 1 ⋯ i m + 1 exp ( η i 1 + ⋯ + η i m + 1 + η j 1 ∗ + ⋯ + η j m ∗ ) , (14)
where the phase η p = k p x + ω p t + γ p and the dispersion relation k p ω p = 1 with p = 1 , ⋯ , N .
A i 1 = 1 , A j 1 ∗ i 1 = 1 4 ( ω i 1 + ω j 1 ∗ ) 2 , A j 1 ∗ i 1 i 2 = 4 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 , (15)
A j 1 ∗ ⋯ j n ∗ i 1 ⋯ i m = 4 [ C m 2 + C n 2 ] ( ∏ α < β ( m ) ( ω α − ω β ) 2 ) ( ∏ λ < γ ( n ) ( ω λ ∗ − ω γ ∗ ) 2 ) ( ∏ ν = j 1 ⋯ j n δ = i 1 ⋯ i m A ν δ ) , (16)
where [ N ] denotes the maximum integer which does not exceed N, N C m indicate the summation over all possible combinations of m elements from N and (m) indicates the product of all possible combinations of m elements with ( α < β ) . Using the real parameters, we write the phase into two parts as
η n = ( k n , r e x + ω n , r e t + γ n , r e ) + i ( k n , i m x + ω n , i m t + γ n , i m ) , n = 1 , ⋯ , N , (17)
where the real parts and imaginary parts of the parameters k n and ω n are obtained using the dispersion relation as
k n , r e = ( 1 − v n Ω n 2 ) v n , ω n , r e = 1 − v n Ω n 2 v n , ω n , i m = Ω n , k n , i m = − v n Ω n , (18)
here, v n and Ω n are the phase velocity and the angular velocity of the soliton, which respect the following condition
v n > 0 , Ω n ∈ ] − 1 / v n ; 1 / v n [ . (19)
Now, let us consider two simple cases: N = 3 and N = 4 .
・ Case N = 3
We then write the following expressions of F and Q with all coefficients, where exp ( η j 0 ∗ ) = 1 . This leads to the three-rotating soliton solution depicted in
F = 1 + ∑ 3 C 1 3 C 1 A j 1 ∗ i 1 exp ( η i 1 + η j 1 ∗ ) + ∑ 3 C 2 3 C 2 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ ) + ∑ 3 C 3 3 C 3 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ j 3 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η i 3 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ + η j 3 ∗ ) , Q = ∑ 3 C 0 3 C 1 A j 0 ∗ i 1 exp ( η i 1 + η j 0 ∗ ) + ∑ 3 C 1 3 C 2 A j 1 ∗ i 1 i 2 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η j 1 ∗ ) + ∑ 3 C 2 3 C 3 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η i 3 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ ) , (20)
A j 0 ∗ i 1 = A i 1 = 1 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ i 1 = 1 4 ( ω i 1 + ω j 1 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 j 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ i 1 i 2 = 4 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 ; i 2 = i 1 + 1 j 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 )
A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 = 4 2 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 ; i 2 = i 1 + 1 j 1 = 1 , 2 ; j 2 = j 1 + 1 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 = 4 4 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 A j 1 ∗ i 3 A j 2 ∗ i 3 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 3 ) 2 × ( ω i 2 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 ; i 2 = 2 ; i 3 = 3 j 1 = 1 , 2 ; j 2 = j 1 + 1 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ j 3 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 = 4 6 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 3 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 A j 3 ∗ i 2 A j 1 ∗ i 3 A j 2 ∗ i 3 A j 3 ∗ i 3 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω i 2 − ω i 3 ) 2 × ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 2 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 ; i 2 = 2 ; i 3 = 3 j 1 = 1 ; j 2 = 2 ; j 3 = 3 ) . (21)
・ Case N = 4
In this case the four-rotating soliton solution is obtain by
F = 1 + ∑ 4 C 1 4 C 1 A j 1 ∗ i 1 exp ( η i 1 + η j 1 ∗ ) + ∑ 4 C 2 4 C 2 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ ) + ∑ 4 C 3 4 C 3 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ j 3 ∗ i 1 , i 2 i 3 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η i 3 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ + η j 3 ∗ ) + ∑ 4 C 4 4 C 4 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ j 3 ∗ j 4 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η i 3 + η i 4 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ + η j 3 ∗ + η j 4 ∗ ) ,
Q = ∑ 4 C 0 4 C 1 A j 0 ∗ i 1 exp ( η i 1 + η j 0 ∗ ) + ∑ 4 C 1 4 C 2 A j 1 ∗ i 1 i 2 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η j 1 ∗ ) + ∑ 4 C 2 4 C 3 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η i 3 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ ) + ∑ 4 C 3 4 C 4 A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ j 3 ∗ i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 exp ( η i 1 + η i 2 + η i 3 + η i 4 + η j 1 ∗ + η j 2 ∗ + η j 3 ∗ ) , (22)
A j 0 ∗ i 1 = A i 1 = 1 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ i 1 = 1 4 ( ω i 1 + ω j 1 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 j 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ i 1 , i 2 = 4 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ; i 2 = i 1 + 1 j 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ , j 2 ∗ i 1 , i 2 = 4 2 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ; i 2 = i 1 + 1 j 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ; j 2 = j 1 + 1 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ j 2 ∗ i 1 , i 2 , i 3 = 4 4 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 A j 1 ∗ i 3 A j 2 ∗ i 3 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 3 ) 2 × ( ω i 2 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 ; i 2 = i 1 + 1 ; i 3 = i 2 + 1 j 1 = 1 , 2 , 3 ; j 2 = j 1 + 1 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ , j 2 ∗ , j 3 ∗ i 1 , i 2 , i 3 = 4 6 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 3 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 A j 3 ∗ i 2 A j 1 ∗ i 3 A j 2 ∗ i 3 A j 3 ∗ i 3 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω i 2 − ω i 3 ) 2 × ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 2 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 , 2 ; i 2 = i 1 + 1 ; i 3 = i 2 + 1 j 1 = 1 , 2 ; j 2 = j 1 + 1 ; j 3 = j 2 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ , j 2 ∗ , j 3 ∗ i 1 , i 2 , i 3 , i 4 = 4 9 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 3 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 A j 3 ∗ i 2 A j 1 ∗ i 3 A j 2 ∗ i 3 A j 3 ∗ i 3 A j 1 ∗ i 4 A j 2 ∗ i 4 A j 3 ∗ i 4 ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 3 ) 2 × ( ω i 1 − ω i 4 ) 2 ( ω i 2 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω i 2 − ω i 4 ) 2 ( ω i 3 − ω i 4 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 × ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 2 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 ; i 2 = 2 ; i 3 = 3 ; i 4 = 4 j 1 = 1 , 2 ; j 2 = j 1 + 1 ; j 3 = j 2 + 1 ) ,
A j 1 ∗ , j 2 ∗ , j 3 ∗ , j 4 ∗ i 1 , i 2 , i 3 , i 4 = 4 12 A j 1 ∗ i 1 A j 2 ∗ i 1 A j 3 ∗ i 1 A j 4 ∗ i 1 A j 1 ∗ i 2 A j 2 ∗ i 2 A j 3 ∗ i 2 A j 4 ∗ i 2 A j 1 ∗ i 3 A j 2 ∗ i 3 A j 3 ∗ i 3 A j 4 ∗ i 3 A j 1 ∗ i 4 A j 2 ∗ i 4 A j 3 ∗ i 4 A j 4 ∗ i 4 × ( ω i 1 − ω i 2 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω i 1 − ω i 4 ) 2 ( ω i 2 − ω i 3 ) 2 ( ω i 2 − ω i 4 ) 2 × ( ω i 3 − ω i 4 ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 2 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 1 ∗ − ω j 4 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 2 ∗ − ω j 3 ∗ ) 2 × ( ω j 2 ∗ − ω j 4 ∗ ) 2 ( ω j 3 ∗ − ω j 4 ∗ ) 2 , ( i 1 = 1 ; i 2 = 2 ; i 3 = 3 ; i 4 = 4 j 1 = 1 ; j 2 = 2 ; j 3 = 3 ; j 4 = 4 ) . (23)
In this work, we have investigated the CIDE under the view-point of Hirota’s bilinearization. Investigating its one- and two-soliton solution, we have come to propose a generalization of such solution to explicit N-soliton solution of the same system. As a matter of illustration, we have provided explicit expressions of 3- and 4-soliton solutions to the CIDE, and have provided figures to enforce our results. In this figures it has appeared clearly that the solution exhibit particle character, since they interact elastically. Since the CIDE is of many physical implications, the N-soliton solution we have obtained is helpful in understanding the propagation of waves in some media such as the propagation electric field in optical fibers, since in Ref. [
The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the anonymous referees for their critical comments and appropriate suggestions which have made this paper more precise and readable.
Abbagari, S., Youssoufa, S., Tchokouansi, H.T., Kuetche, V.K., Bouetou, T.B. and Kofane, T.C. (2017) N-Rotating Loop-Soliton Solution of the Coupled Integrable Dispersionless Equation. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 5, 1370-1379. https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2017.56113