Prototyping is one of the core activities of User-Centered Design (UCD) processes and an integral component of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. For many years, prototyping was synonym of paper-based mockups and only more recently we can say that dedicated tools for supporting prototyping activities really reach the market. In this paper, we propose to analyze the evolution of prototyping tools for supporting the development process of interactive systems. For that, this paper presents a review of the literature. We analyze the tools proposed by academic community as a proof of concepts and/or support to research activities. Moreover, we also analyze prototyping tools that are available in the market. We report our observation in terms of features that appear over time and constitute milestones for understating the evolution of concerns related to the development and use of prototyping tools. This survey covers publications published since 1988 in some of the main HCI conferences and 118 commercial tools available on the web. The results enable a brief comparison of characteristics present in both academic and commercial tools, how they have evolved, and what are the gaps that can provide insights for future research and development.
Every project is unique in terms of the business and technical problems that arise, the priorities assigned to it, the resources required, the environment in which it operates, the culture of the stakeholders, and the project manager’s attitude used to guide and control project activities. Nonetheless, a closer look on actual developer’s activities will reveal that many iterations are often necessary to mature design ideas, to explore design alternatives, and to convince customers (both client and end-users); such observation contradicts a linear view of software development based on straightforward sequence of steps (such as waterfall approach). Development processes imply planning of activities that ultimately will transform client/customers requirement into products that fulfill user’s expectations. Therefore, it is sensible to ask how to take into account users’ needs along the development process.
The ISO 13407 standard for human-centered design processes for interactive systems [
It is worthy of recalling that prototypes are an important way to communicate and discuss requirements as well as usability and ergonomic aspects, in particular in early phases of the development process [
Since 1988, with Mirage [
The aim of this work is to investigate the state of the art in GUI prototyping tools. We present a review of academic and commercial tools. Our main contribution lies on analyzing both academic and commercial tools in terms of new ideas and features, regarding the main milestones they introduced over time. With such analyses, we have identified their coverage levels for these milestones and provided a detailed classification for them looking for new research gaps in this area. The next section of this paper presents the research protocol used to investigate tools in both academic and commercial contexts.
The present study encompasses both academic and commercial tools. Most of academic tools we analyze have been developed as a proof of concepts to support claims raised by scientific research. Despite the fact that some academic tools might be considered very advanced prototypes, they rarely make a breakthrough towards the market. Conversely, we consider commercial tools those that have been developed for making money either by selling rights of use or by allowing others to make money using them (for free) to accomplish work in an industrial scale. We consider the analysis of commercial tools important because they are decisive to understand the adoption of features originally available in academic tools.
The analysis of tools followed four main steps: selection of tools, classification of tools, revision and identification of target milestones, and finally discussion of the findings. It was analyzed prototyping tools for drawing (intended to support generic interface drawings), sketching (intended to get a basic concept―sketch of how the user interface will look like), and wireframing (intended to refine the concept of how the user interface will work, normally using pre-defined interaction elements) based on their capability to provide useful prototypes. The analysis of academic tools was mainly based on the review of the literature. For commercial tools, we have only analyzed those that are readily available for download on the web. Hereafter, we present a comparative analysis in
We sought top ranked HCI conferences and selected those that were sponsored
Criteria | Academic tools | Commercial tools |
---|---|---|
Selection source | HCI conferences | Web |
Search keywords | prototype, prototyping tool, prototyping interface, wireframe, wireframing, sketch, sketching, draws and drawing | |
Number of initial entries | 8.682 | 118 |
Exclusion factors | Domain-oriented conferences, tools not published as full papers, tools for specific environments, model-based prototyping tools for multimodal user interfaces, and tools available in other languages than English. | No free version available, tools that are not standalone software, tools no longer updated and documented, and domain-specific tools. |
Number of tools retained | 17 | 104 |
or co-sponsored by ACM, IEEE and/or IFIP. We discard domain-oriented conferences (such as mobile, embedded, robot, pervasive and ubiquitous interfaces) and conferences whose proceedings are available in other language than English. The final list of conferences includes: ACM CHI (1982-2016), ACM UIST (1988- 2016), ACM DIS (1995-2016), ACM EICS (2009-2016), and IFIP INTERACT (1984-2015).
At first, we have selected papers that contain in the title and/or abstract any of the keywords presented in
In total we have retained 17 tools as follows: SILK [
We have used Google search engine to find commercial tools that match the keywords shown in
In total, we retained 118 tools for a second round of inspection. We have analyzed the tools’ main features and paid particular attention to the way they handle the creation of the user interface and the precision that can be achieved when describing the behavior of the prototype. The subsequent analysis sought to find answers for the following questions: “Is the tool a standalone software or an extension/library/framework?”, “Is prototyping generic interfaces possible?”, “Is there a free trial of the tool?”, “Is the tool still updated and documented?”, and “Does the prototype produced with the tool support any interaction?” We have also inspected the mechanisms available for specifying the presentation (i.e. the graphical elements) and the dialogue (i.e. the behavior) of the prototype.
We decided to exclude tools that only provide libraries and/or stencil themes for help with the drawing of paper-based prototyping. The same decision was applied to tools that were no longer updated or documented. Domain specific tools, such as for automotive, were also excluded. In total, we have retained 104 commercial tools as shown in
Both academic and commercial tools were inspected and classified according to the following group of criteria: description of the tools, features for edition, execution, management and evaluation. For “description of the tools”, we have catalogued information about version, offers available, dependencies, backup policies (including cloud), platforms for editing and running, integration with other tools, export of code and file formats, and finally generation of documentation and code. For “features for edition”, we have investigated features related to the presentation and dialog edition such as notations, degrees of fidelity supported, how to build the internal and the external dialog, how to handle conditions, parameters and actions, support for annotations, reuse and management of design options, interaction techniques supported and visualization. Execution features have been evaluated for the dialog execution, including notations available to describe navigation between windows, simulation engine, etc., possibility of annotating the prototype in runtime and/or if alternative design views are provided. In addition, we have also evaluated if the tools supported embeddable wireframes. On the management side, we have looked for features to control and customize favorite libraries, as well as mechanisms to control versioning of prototypes. Lastly, we have investigated features for supporting evaluation during the design process such as means of collecting feedback from users and/or other designers and specific features for running usability and user testing.
Lastly, we have inspected the tools enlisted in
This section presents the milestones in detail and it illustrates tools that present the features mentioned as milestones. Section 4 presents a broader discussion about the evolution of the tools and the coverage of milestones.
Non-Programming Skills refers to the possibility of building prototypes without any prior programming skills. The first prototyping tools appeared with the advent of User Interface Management Systems (UIMS) [
Non-programming skills is a driving feature that motivate the research on End-User Programming tools [
Nowadays, it is a common sense between developers of Graphical User Interface (GUI) tools that they should simplify the activity of designers and interface engineers, and requiring some level of programming skills is a throwback. Because of that, among all the tools analyzed, only those that are more focused on the modeling, instead of GUI prototyping, still require some kind of programming. All the others work with abstract elements and behavior models to provide prototyping resources for users, without requiring an ability to program the software. This is a well-established feature today.
Pen-based interaction allows hand-written drawings, which some authors claim that this is an intuitive passage from paper-based prototypes to interactive (software-based) prototypes [
It is interesting to notice that few commercial tools implement pen-based interaction. Tools like Blueprint, Cacoo, Mockup Plus, NinjaMock and Pidoco, for instance, allow both pallet and sketching methods of interaction, but not sketching recognition.
Widgets are pre-defined GUI elements (such as buttons, text fields, etc.) that users can interact with to perform their tasks with the user interface. Libraries of widgets are commonly available in prototyping tools and they were already in use in Lapidary. Their use guides the major part of tools that works with a palette as interaction technique nowadays. Widgets have the advantage of making the selection of graphical elements easier, offering a fast manner to set various components as menu bars, buttons, input form fields, and containers such as windows. It is interesting to notice that even tools that work with a sketching mechanism like SILK and DENIM have a library of widgets for common elements (drawn before) and treat them as a widget for future uses.
All dedicated prototyping tools we have analyzed present a library of widgets. The inner inconvenient of these libraries is that the palette is limited to a predefined set of components featuring widgets. Indeed, prototyping tools provide different level of look and feel and some provide full support of a clean layout of the components. For instance, Balsamiq (
Many tools focus on the presentation by promoting the import of images to create high-fidelity prototypes like Origami or Atomic.io (
Thus, those prototyping tools are used as a tool to organize assets between several pages to link those pages together and to share the prototype with others.
Behavior Specification refers to the ability to add dynamic behaviors to prototypes. Behavior is often described as a set of states that prototypes can reach by the means of transitions between states. Not all prototyping tools deal with behavior specification, many of them only allow to create static images of the presentation. As we shall see, there are many ways for specifying the behavior including setting hotspots on images, events handling on widgets and/or scripting in models.
Tools that employ hotspots allow the creation of areas on top of images (see
Wireframe tools uses widgets to build the interface unlike the tools using images for the presentation. Therefore, wireframe tools generally do not require the use of hotspots since it is possible to create event handlers directly on the widgets (
In tools that describe prototypes as models, state machines and prototypes can be used to specify fine-grained behaviors. The behavior specification using models is often called dialog. One of the advantages of formally modeling the dialog is that it provides a computational mean to simulate the prototype behavior.
having a formal description of the prototype behavior.
As far as methods for specifying behaviors are at a concern, almost all of academic tools provide some kind of behavior specification. Lapidary was the first one we noticed. Interesting resources were provided after it, leading to the dialog construction. Unlike other dedicated tools, Active Story Enhanced, Balsamic, SILK, DENIM and Pencil, for instance, support only basic wireframe interactions, with links between screens and state changing. Tools like App Sketcher, Axure, Cog Tool and Just InMind are already able to specify conditions, editing properties or using variables, while Appery.io, JBart and Screen Architect support programming code as well.
Collaborative work refers to the support that allows people to work together (synchronously or asynchronously) on the same prototype. This is one to the most recent features in prototyping tools. Sangiorgi et al. [
The collaboration features presented by Gambit are seldom present in other prototyping tools, whether in commercial or academic context. There are some other applications in GUI outside domains that provide similar features, but none of them is applicable in the prototyping domain. Tools like JBart, Axure, Visio, PowerPoint and Just In Mind support more simplified mechanisms of collaboration using chat or common repositories, but rarely supporting multiple devices.
It is interesting to notice that many web-based prototyping tools such as Balsamiq, Vectr, Atomic.io, and Proto.io present collaborative features. In addition to functions for editing the prototypes directly in the web browser, they offer
services such as a repository to store the prototypes and mechanisms for sharing executable versions of the prototypes with other users. This architecture is well suited for collaborative work since any collaborator can work remotely on the same synchronized repository while maintaining the availability of the prototype for any user who wants to test the prototype.
Some tools like Invision provide mechanisms to manage collaborations among people involved in the process including features for inviting collaborators, supporting discussions, and even assigning tasks. These mechanisms have evolved in the more recent version of Invision released in October 2016 making the team management compatible with the projects tracking tool JIRA. With this new approach, Invision brings the prototyping process closer to the development of the final application itself.
Reuse is the process of creating software systems from predefined software components. Reusing components previously built is an important feature to promote productivity in software development as they might reduce the workload of designers and users by offering standard UI design. Simple mechanisms to promote reuse might include libraries of widgets, templates and pre-defined behaviors.
Nonetheless, other mechanisms of reuse might be available in specialized tools. For example, sketching tools that support shapes recognition like SILK and SketchiXML offer mechanisms for reusing user-defined drawings, and that have been previously “trained” by users.
Commercial tools like Appery.io, HotGloo, iRise, Protoshare and UXPin feature the usage of breakpoints and screen version, thus promoting reuse of design for multiple devices. This method consists in creating one version for a screen for each size desired and defines breakpoint where the prototype has to switch from one version to another. The advantage of this method is that the prototype can dynamically change completely its layout when resizing the prototype in a preview mode, for instance [
Some tools like ForeUI or Mockup Screens allow the reuse of themes. By doing so, it is possible to switch from a wireframe prototype that looks like a sketch to a prototype with the appearance of real software (e.g. Windows Theme, Mac Theme, etc.) without having to recreate the prototype.
Scenario-based design is a family of techniques that uses narratives ad scenarios for describing expected outcomes for the system. Narratives are written in very early phases of the development process, and then used to guide both prototyping and the subsequent development of the system [
Scenario Management refers to the ability of tools to work with different scenarios and manage them in an integrated way with prototypes and behavior descriptions. It is not an easy feature to implement because it is strongly dependent of the whole development process and their models, so their implementation becomes normally too restrictive. Despite the fact that this feature has appeared first in Freeform in 2003 as a Visual Basic 6 plugin, there has not been much evolution since then. Most of prototyping tools in our survey support scenarios management through simple annotations. However, we have not found any tool that implements truly scenario management, which might include requirements specifications and tracking decisions along the process.
Preview Mode is an important feature to allow visualization of an executable version of the prototype. In that mode, we can execute and simulate all interactions specified during the construction of the prototype. Users can test the application as a rough final product. It is important, in this case, to visualize how the prototype will appear in a real environment, perhaps promoting usability testing and collecting adequate feedback from special stakeholders.
MIRAGE, Lapidary and SILK are examples of tools that embed a Preview Mode. DENIM and SketchiXML provide a preview mode with the help of a kind of plugin and/or external tool. All commercial tools provide also some kind of feature to allow execution during development.
An emerging feature called “prototype mirroring” can be understood as a kind of previous mode. Prototype mirroring is implemented by some tools, such as Atomic.io or Origami, that host prototypes on the cloud. This technique allows people to visualize the edition of prototypes in real time using a smartphone (using a proprietary viewer application) and/or a web browser.
Interactive prototyping, on the other hand, is provided by model-based tools to support co-execution between models and interfaces. Within PetShop [
Annotations of prototypes offer the possibility to add informative notes for specific sections of a given artifact. The annotation system is an interesting feature
since it may be a way to collect user feedbacks when presenting a prototype to end-users. Users can annotate the prototype to report problems, to indicate preferences about design options, to request clarifications about the design, and to specify parts of the prototype that are not supported by the tool (for example the expected behavior for an animation). Annotations are often meant to be read by other members of the development team for that they should written in a way that it is understandable by others. Naghsh [
We have identified three different stages where annotation system is available: Prototype Building, Annotation Mode and Usability Testing. The first and more common stage where the annotation system is available is at the construction of the prototype. At this stage, we have identified two kinds of annotations: annotations as a widget and annotations as a property.
Some tools like inPreso (
The second stage refers to the annotation mode of the prototype. Indeed, some tools provide a dedicated mode to the annotation system. While it is not
possible to modify directly the prototype in this mode, it is possible making annotations or drawing directly on top of the prototype when activating the annotation mode using tools. These tools can be a freehand sketching, a token that can be placed on the prototype with an associated note, or an area that is selected using the mouse.
Annotation mode can also be used during a preview of the prototype. Indeed, once a version of the prototype is finished, it is possible to share it using a link. Any person having the link can test the prototype and make annotations on it. Once the annotation is made, a notification is sent to the person in charge of the prototype.
The last stage refers to the test of the prototype. It is also possible to collect data from users who test the prototype and use it as annotations. Indeed, any information that can be measured while using the prototype (time spent on each screen, the area clicked, etc.) can be saved for a further analysis. This usage is more specific for usability tests, where tools like Solidify provide functionalities that can be useful for that. For instance, it is possible adding instructions or questions to the test of the prototype and creating tasks that have to be accomplished.
SILK and DEMAIS support textual annotations as an input design vocabulary. Some other tools like Alouka, Balsamiq, inPreso, Lumzy and WireFrame Sketcher support annotations through widgets (the simplest method), and others like Axure, MockupScreens and JustInMind support this feature as a property. There are also those that have a dedicated annotation mode like Concept.Ly, ForeUI and NinjaMock. However, no tool ensures the annotation system on the three stages at the same time.
During a typical user testing of a prototype, participants will complete a set of tasks while observers watch, listen and take notes. Any information that can be measured while using the prototype (time spent on each screen, the area clicked, etc.) is worth of collecting for further analysis. For that, some prototyping tools include functionalities for recording metrics of use.
In addition to annotations, some tools like Solidify and Cog Tool allow adding instructions to guide users during the use of the prototype. These instructions are presented as questions and/or tasks that are displayed to the participant of the usability test. Users have the possibility to use the prototype to complete tasks, answer the questions or skip them altogether if they are not able to figure out what to do. The tool records the user test and makes the results available through the means of automated annotations of the prototype. These functionalities allow automating the test and making it available as remote surveys.
Using the date collected by tools that support usability testing of prototypes, designers can analyze the click flow, checking statistics for each page as well as demographic filters when displaying the results (
While some tools embed mechanisms for usability testing, other tools such as Invision (
gistering recordings (i.e. video, interactions) and analyzing the results. The interest in usability testing is quite recent. Indeed, we can notice for instance that Invision has announced their compatibility with User Testing on September 2016 or Just In Mind announced its partnership with Validately on February 2016.
Code Generation refers to the capacity of the prototyping tool to produce the code of the final application from a model specification. Code generation can only produce full-fledge applications if the prototyping tools support modeling of both presentation and behavior aspects. The generated code might serve as the basis to develop a final and concrete user interface as well as an exportable output exploitable by other tools. Such is the case of SILK, which generates code for an old Open Look Operating System, and Freeform, which generates code for Visual Basic 6. SketchiXML and Gambit produces interface specifications and generates code in UsiXML, an open source format based on XML.
Among all commercial tools is our survey, 25 of them can generate web pages based on the prototype. Tools such as AppSketcher, Axure, ForeUI and JustInMind generate web pages that include in the code annotations of the dialogue specification, so that it is possible to reuse these web pages to reengineering the prototype and make it to evolve to the final user interface.
Version control is the mechanism that allows development teams to track the evolution of artifacts over time. It allows to answer questions such as how many different/alternative versions exist, what is the current state of the development, and in some cases, the rationale of modifications. Version control is important because prototypes are constantly evolving along the development process to accommodate users’ feedback and/or to include new requirements that emerge along the way. Moreover, many prototypes might be produced to explore alternative design options. When alternative options are at stake, it might be necessary to compare two (or more) alternative versions in order to identify the differences.
Alouka (
However, it is not possible to compare two versions of one screen, but only two different screens from the same version. SILK supports version control with design history.
According to the ISO 13407 standard [
Seffah and Metzker [
GRIP-it is a tool that focuses on the transition of prototypes into the software development by providing integrated and interoperable tools that help to propagate information about the design among all people involved in the process.
SILK supports the transformation process of the sketches to real widgets and graphical objects, but other steps in the process are not covered. Other sketching platforms such as SketchiXML and Gambit require the integration with third-party UsiXML tools to support several levels of prototyping.
DENIM and DEMAIS do not support different refinement levels, so they do not cover the whole lifecycle (they do not produce finished HTML pages, for example). DENIM just allows navigating among different representations in a web-design prototype, such as site maps, storyboards and mock-ups. Some tools like Screen Architect support model description that it is good to provide links between prototypes and models like state machines, leading then to a more integrated environment in UCD development processes.
In this section, we present a broader analysis of the tools with respect to the milestones.
the development process, and the emergence of tools supporting collaborative work.
The first period (<1995) is characterized by the emergence of UIMS tools. Authors claimed that the main advantage of UIMS tools is in the fact that after development and testing, interface prototypes could be attached directly to the application, thus the prototype becomes the industrial interface [
The second period (1995-2005) encompasses tools with functionalities to support the development team when managing prototyping activities (ex. annotations, code generation, version control, etc.). There was an increasing interest in the period on alternative ways of prototyping user interfaces as well as in behavior modeling. For example, we observed the emergence of sketching tools such as SILK and DENIM.
The third and last period is characterized by a substantial increase of commercial tools and support for collaborative work. This period goes from 2007 to now.
Along these periods, features like Non-Programming Skills, the use of Widgets and Behavior Specification were the three most implemented by tools (over 70%). This fact can signalize the focus in providing a friendly environment for non-technical people since the first years. McDonald et al. [
Features like Scenario Management, Support for Usability Testing and Support for the Entire Design Lifecycle are supported by a few tools (less 10%). This number suggests a slow progress towards the support of the whole lifecycle of prototyping.
Concerning Pen-Based Interaction, only 9.92% of tools implement this feature. Pen-Based Interaction feature was presented in SILK in 1995, and after some years, well-known tools like Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop implemented it. Nevertheless, it never seems to become a successful feature with commercial prototyping tools. This might be explained by the fact that sketches are hard to maintain (ex. ambiguity of sketches) and hard to make them evolve throughout the development process.
evolved along the time. Behavior Specification has benefited from more human-centered approaches such as Scenario-based specifications, while Preview Mode has incorporated co-execution between models and prototypes like in PetShop [
This paper presents a survey of academic and commercial tools. The analysis of these tools allowed us to identify some milestones that help to characterize the progress and the evolution of prototyping tools over time.
The analysis of commercial tools is important because their adoption of features has an impact of the practice in the industry. Quite often, academic tools are pioneer in proposing new features that only appear later on commercial tools. In our study however, we did not collect information for analyzing the occurrence of a technological transfer. Many of the innovative features come first from academic tools. However, if the temporal appearance of tools might suggest a possible transfer from academic work to the industry, the present work cannot clearly determine whether (or not) that transfer really occurred. However, we can say that some features like Pen-based Interaction, which were already present in early academic works (SILK, 1995) twenty years ago, did not make so far a breakthrough to commercial tools.
Another aspect we can highlight in this study is the number of commercial tools released after 2008. These tools have incorporated the most aspects we report in this paper, providing, in different levels, implementations of these concepts, and many times, being strongly repetitive in their qualities. Nevertheless, it shows a continued interest both from academic and industrial communities in this theme, suggesting an open space of research in several points. The number of commercial tools also suggests the existence of a market and an increase interest in this type of tool.
Future directions for research point to the development of tools for prototyping as support activity for the development lifecycle. Regarding this gap, we have identified little support of tools for annotation activities in a requirements engineering process. Tools that treat annotations as a property and not as a single remark support a better specification process for gathering requirements. Even though, the way they capture the information coming from those annotations is not profitable to be used for supporting business rules, specification of needs or more formal functional descriptions.
Another important gap identified is related to integrated support for development models. Task and system models, for example, are only considered by few tools. Developing incremental prototypes requires an integrated environment supporting specification of scenarios, models and constraints. Potential tools should consider providing such environment where prototypes could be fully specified, modeled, run and tested.
The analysis presented in this work provides us insights about the drawbacks of existing prototyping tools. In particular, this analysis pinpointed the lack of support for a rationale design and for tracking the decisions made along the development process. Currently, we are working on a tool support called PANDA (Prototyping using Annotation and Decision Analysis) [
Silva, T.R., Hak, J.-L., Winckler, M. and Nicolas, O. (2017) A Comparative Study of Milestones for Featuring GUI Prototyping Tools. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 10, 564-589. https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2017.106031
Tool | Year | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ | [ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iPhoneMockup | ? | |||||||||||||
iRise | ? | |||||||||||||
JBart | ? | |||||||||||||
Mockup Designer | ? | |||||||||||||
Omnigraffle | ? | |||||||||||||
ProcessOn | ? | |||||||||||||
Protostrap | ? | |||||||||||||
Serena Prot. Composer | ? | |||||||||||||
SoftAndGUI | ? | |||||||||||||
UXPin | ? | |||||||||||||
Adobe XD | ? | |||||||||||||
Adobe Illustrator | 1987 | |||||||||||||
Microsoft PowerPoint | 1987 | |||||||||||||
Adobe Photoshop | 1988 | |||||||||||||
Mirage | 1988 | |||||||||||||
Ensemble | 1989 | |||||||||||||
Lapidary | 1989 | |||||||||||||
Druid | 1990 | |||||||||||||
SCENARIOO | 1990 | |||||||||||||
MoDE | 1990 | |||||||||||||
SIRIUS | 1990 | |||||||||||||
Microsoft Visio | 1992 | |||||||||||||
SmartDraw | 1994 | |||||||||||||
SILK | 1995 | |||||||||||||
Adobe Fireworks | 1997 | |||||||||||||
Micr. Visual Studio | 1997 | |||||||||||||
Adobe InDesign | 1999 | |||||||||||||
AutoIt | 1999 | |||||||||||||
ScreenArchitect | 2000 | |||||||||||||
DENIM | 2000 | |||||||||||||
Axure | 2003 | |||||||||||||
Inkscape | 2003 | |||||||||||||
KeyNote | 2003 | |||||||||||||
DEMAIS | 2003 | |||||||||||||
Freeform | 2003 | |||||||||||||
CogTool | 2004 | |||||||||||||
SketchiXML | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Monet | 2005 | |||||||||||||
GUI Design Studio | 2006 | |||||||||||||
JotForm | 2006 |
MockupScreens | 2006 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JustInMind | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Micr. Expression Blend | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Balsamiq | 2008 | |||||||||||||
ConceptDraw | 2008 | |||||||||||||
DesignerVista | 2008 | |||||||||||||
inPreso Screens | 2008 | |||||||||||||
Matisse (Swing GUI B) | 2008 | |||||||||||||
MockingBird | 2008 | |||||||||||||
Pencil project | 2008 | |||||||||||||
Pidoco | 2008 | |||||||||||||
ProtoShare | 2008 | |||||||||||||
PickFu | 2008 | |||||||||||||
WireFrameSketcher | 2008 | |||||||||||||
ActiveStory Enhanced | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Cacoo | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Crank Storyboard Des. | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Creately | 2009 | |||||||||||||
DevRocket | 2009 | |||||||||||||
FlairBuilder | 2009 | |||||||||||||
ForeUI | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Gliffy | 2009 | |||||||||||||
GUI Machine | 2009 | |||||||||||||
LovelyCharts | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Microsoft Sketchflow | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Napkee | 2009 | |||||||||||||
IntuitionHQ | 2009 | |||||||||||||
iPlotz | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Simulify | 2009 | |||||||||||||
Adobe Flash Catalyst | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Appery.io | 2010 | |||||||||||||
BluePrint | 2010 | |||||||||||||
FrameBox | 2010 | |||||||||||||
HotGloo | 2010 | |||||||||||||
LucidChart | 2010 | |||||||||||||
MockaBilly | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Mockflow | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Naview | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Sketch | 2010 | |||||||||||||
10Screens | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Antetype | 2011 |
AppCooker | 2011 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Draw.io | 2011 | |||||||||||||
FieldTest | 2011 | |||||||||||||
InsitUI | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Lumzy | 2011 | |||||||||||||
MockupBuilder | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Mockups.me | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Mockup Tiger | 2011 | |||||||||||||
PowerMockup | 2011 | |||||||||||||
Proto.io | 2011 | |||||||||||||
GRIP-it | 2011 | |||||||||||||
AppMockupTools | 2012 | |||||||||||||
AppSketcher | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Codiqa | 2012 | |||||||||||||
FluidUI | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Indigo Studio | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Moqups | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Prototyping On Paper | 2012 | |||||||||||||
SceneBuilder | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Solidify | 2012 | |||||||||||||
FrameJS | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Gambit | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Alouka | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Concept.ly | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Flinto | 2013 | |||||||||||||
InVision | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Marvel | 2013 | |||||||||||||
NinjaMock | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Notism | 2013 | |||||||||||||
RWD Wireframes | 2013 | |||||||||||||
Webflow | 2013 | |||||||||||||
AppGyver Prototyper | 2014 | |||||||||||||
Avocado | 2014 | |||||||||||||
Mockup Plus | 2014 | |||||||||||||
SnapUp | 2014 | |||||||||||||
Atomic | 2015 | |||||||||||||
Easee | 2015 | |||||||||||||
Principle | 2016 | |||||||||||||
Vectr | 2016 | |||||||||||||
Origami | 2016 | |||||||||||||
Total: 121 | 105 | 12 | 93 | 85 | 34 | 71 | 12 | 81 | 51 | 10 | 33 | 29 | 13 | |
Percentage: | 86 | 9.9 | 76 | 70 | 28 | 58 | 9.9 | 66 | 42 | 8.2 | 27 | 23 | 10 |
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