A study of the behavior of water during its movements under mechanical shaking is presented. It is shown that rhythmic shaking of water with 1Hz causes the same rhythmic effects in a periodic [H +] growth and products with higher positive potential. This paper discusses the role of water motion in nature.
Water plays a major role in the natural processes. Life originated in the water of the seas with permanent shaking of waves of a frequency of about 1 Hz. Blood is 85% water. The pulse of living organisms has the same frequency. Cardiac arrest―death certificate. Disturbance of the blood circulation causes pathologies in living organisms and its collapse causes dying and stopping of all the vital processes and functions. Similar examples of the influence of water movement are visible in almost all natural phenomena. Probably, the study of water motion provides a basis that could allow to clarify the role of the mechanical effects of water in natural processes and provide some insights for better understanding and solving of many questions, including, for example, understanding the role of the water movement has already helped to understand the ions dissociation mechanism; It helps to indicate the origin of oxygen on Earth, revealed the reason for the constancy of hydrogen peroxide in moving water. Also the formation of the products from the water, which is discussed in this paper, that yield electrical signals, could probably lead to an engineering solution of converting them into environmentally friendly sources of energy the inexhaustible energy of the Cosmos, despite their small magnitude and smallness and frequency that may be perceived as “inconvenient” from the point of view of converting and enhancing these signals. One could remember discoveries of Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta that evolved from a discovery of tiny energy source with zero frequency to the emergence and successes in modern times of power and electronics industries all over the world. Also, the findings of this paper may provide some basis for the understanding of the formation of unexplained natural vortices in superconductors that may be linked to chemical processes that may take place at the extremely low temperatures. Another example of areas where the results of this paper may provide more insights is the understanding of structured water behavior in complex living organisms under the exposure to microwave resonant therapy in medicine. Mechanics (physics) leads to the processes of transformation of water (chemistry) to substance necessary for life (biology) and global processes of the Earth (Geology).
Thus, the water behavior both in inorganic processes, as well as in living nature, confirms idea of unity laws for “living” nature (“ecosystems”) and “non- living” objects (“environment”) that everything in nature is interconnected, and the division of its laws on physical, chemical, biological and geological is a consequence of our limited knowledge. The Nature is indivisible. In order to check the character of the “behavior” of water or water solution during its mechanical movement we performed measurements of Red-Ox potentials.
The studied samples of water were water distilled and here in dissolved gases removed. The reciprocating motion of the water sample with the specified input frequency or with a relay, or the movements of the sample water volume with a time-delay switch that was made on the by means of a medical dispensrer system (the dispenser can release the required accurate portion of water for each push) that allowed to vary the frequency of the same portion of water in a still water vessel. ∆Е of a glass electrode ESL 48-11, and ∆Е of Pt or Pt/q-h (q-h is quinhydroneC6H4O2∙C6H4(OH)2) electrodes again saturated calomel (SCE) electrode by a “METЕX” ME-31 voltmeter was noted manually or with H307/1 plotter continuously. Processes conducted in low ambient light. Water movement was not on electrodes comparison. Indicated electrode was shaken along with the container of water, or was fixed, but shaken by surrounded water that was washed around the electrode. The background was measured close to running engines in calm water.
Overall the experiments were conducted more than 1000 times over 10 year period. More than 10,000 curves were analyzed. Various compositions of electrodes were used, and various types of water were used, such as distilled, rainwater, melting water, tap water. These numerous experiments were conducted to establish the impact of water movement.
1. Chemical processes in the movement of water
With periodic shake of water potentials of the indicator electrodes varies with the same frequency [
Red-ox products and ions are formed as result of mechanochemical process [
In
and ions via two ways: 1) radical way: the O-H chemical bonds break with breaking electron pair: H¸O:H → H* + OH* and subsequent reactions of the radicals 2H* → H2; 2OH* → H2O2; 2H2O2 → 2H2O+O2; and 2) ionic way: the O-H chemical bonds break with the preservation of electron pair: H|:O:H®H++OH−.
In
In
The noise (
The facts require a revision of the model water in the gas laws. For their application administered activity a = fc. Water has f = 1, c = const and [H+]. [OH−] = 10−14 for water dissociation it turns out that the fluctuations of 1 molecule will take energy 107 other. But at small kT to break a connection O-H kT dissociation exist! The water is not molecules, but polymers, their impact O-H ties are broken with equal energy (
2. Physical processes in the movement of water
M. Folmer [
The structure of water and its ability to change with shaking lead to other “Anomalies”. Transport number (TN) of electricity in solutions of ions is due to the structure of the polymers of water. TN ions decrease with their size owing to the growth of hydration from Cs to Li, but increase sharply at H because it does not moves through the solution. When a mobile integrated power system of the excited electron increases “mobility” of remaining in the place of protons, the structure with no long-range order constantly changes. On the surface the lifetime of structures are more than in volume, and they are influenced by boundary material. The ice surface is covered with a thin water slide. At low T not caused by the phase transition from pressure. Snowflakes grow in hexagonal symmetric particles of different shapes. They come in contact with dust particles of various nature and other different factors. Type embryos depend on them, but each germ is formed according to its program, and all rays are the same of crystalline at each snowflake due to the mobility of the water clusters at surface when driving their changing structures.
3. Biological processes in the movement of water
Engels said: “Life is the mode of existence protein bodies”. The jellyfish is 95% of water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, salts―where? The herbs, trees, vegetables, and fruits generally have no protein. So they are inanimate? Every life form requires water. The constancy of H2O2 in moving water due to reactions of water, not the absorption of O2 depleted atmosphere for them [
Capillaries provide the system for blood circulation within a living organism. Blood consists of is 80% of water. There are about 2000 capillaries in a 1 mm3 of a skeletal muscle of a human and blood, passing through them, comes in contact with 0.5 m2 of surface of their internal walls. The surfaces properties of water are different from the volume ones. For example there is a thin layer of water on the interface of ice with other phases [
The clusters are in the current of the water a variety of forms, but their restructuring is going in the specified direction in the presence of external bodies, for example, biological substances, including midget doses. This is based on the homeopathy. Molecules of substances surround the polymers of the water, adapting to their structure, so in the absence of them reproduce the therapeutic effects.
Peculiarities of structure of water and its behavior under weak mechanical movement in inorganic systems could be used for explanation of processes in complex living organisms, to understand efficiency of medical treatment by means of weak energy influence. The low level of power of EM radiation of mm range, the influence on an organism in process microwave resonant therapy (MRT) is effective and enough. The system of the blood circulation in the organism with a developed capillary surface provides existence of preferential directions for protons motion along chains of hydrogen bonds in the thin surface layers of water. Pathologic processes in an organism appear because of the disturbance of proton conductivity in capillaries. It is possible that quantities of energy necessary for their recover may be negligible in comparison with the potential barrier between two equilibrium positions of a proton in the chain. Weak fields affect the properties of the membranes, the processes in cells, to long-range interaction communication functions of the system organisms. Water with great speed betrays the signal of injury and external influences in the system of decision-making for restoration of violations. The mobile network of hydrogen bonds provides the speed and action at a distance in the transmission of information. Energy for the recovery of self-consistent vibrations in the H-bonds system (and, consequently, for process of metabolism) is not necessary at all. The channels of proton conductivity provide long-distance action because of the soliton mechanism [
In conclusion, that is a simple experiment illustrating the role of water movement on the example of the growth of Kalanchoe in the same 2 Petri dish with the same amount of soil from turf and peat soil and sand in the ratio 2:1:1. They put some of the same kidney with the roots in winter, at ambient light. Water from melting snow to the control (2) thermostated at 18˚C, and experience (1) at 17.9˚C so irrigation water was the same T. (water is heated at 0.1˚ in the preparation of water) Water for (1) 30 min pumped with a positive displacement pump, gaining 10 ml of water from the vessel and introducing her back with a frequency of 1 Hz. To kidney (1) was water after oscillations, and (2) simple water. Portions of 20 ml water the kidneys once every 3 days, after 3 weeks experience was finished. The effects of the mechanochemical processes in water can be seen from
4. Geological processes in the movement of water
V. I. Vernadsky called the mineral water as a creator of landscape and pro- cesses on the planet. Movement of water to create products that affect the physical properties, gives life, heals, nurtures, creates geological masterpieces, mountains and continents, and mighty rivers in the rocks, the threat of a tsunami, move the continents, currents that regulate the planet’s climate. The role of water and its movement in geological processes is huge. In [
of oxides of S and N. Believed that shake of water in the clouds leads to the dissolution of O2 from atmosphere (however, lower concentrations than at the surface!) and the formation of peroxide. It is proved that the mechanochemical decomposition of water with a gap of a pair of electrons H:O¸H gives the radicals OH* and H* that give the peroxide, the excess is decomposed, giving O2 to the Earth, H2 upper layers of the atmosphere. On the Earth has not dried up O2 due to the energy of the Cosmos, constantly influencing to the movement of water. Idea [
Mobile water wilts to the depths of the Earth, and the reactions with hot carbides giving us the oil, as demonstrated by Mendeleev. The usual theory of oil from dead plants is questionable. The depth of oil is high and it is difficult to imagine lungs of the plants got there. The richness of oil by sulfur compounds, which are not plants, said the weakness of traditional theories. Processes of volcanic eruptions, earthquakes associated with the chemical processes between water and hot in the bowels of Earth substances. Water is creator of geological processes. Displacements, disappearances or appearances of continents, Islands speak about the role of moving water. Due to the motion of the water, there is a unique Sargasso sea without shores with a high level of water. Soft water breaking the rocks, created the mighty Niagara falls and the Grand canyon of Colorado. What does tsunami! Museums of natural beauty are created by the water movement under the name “Karst phenomena”. Surprising similarities are located on different sides of the Earth Australia and Greenland. In the mid of Australia there is a desert without vegetation and greens; in Greenland, a desolate glacier is in the center and greens are around the edges, which gave the name to the continent. Only water movement was spared, and its absence leads to the death of all living things. Archaeology says that the Sahara desert was blooming with a mild climate and there was water. The desert was the result of man-made disaster. Now Aral sea disappeared, disappearing marshes and rivers, changing their directions, and creating seas. The Nature grew “assistant”. In Sukhumi monkeys nursery among the rich subtropical vegetation was the land plot. To monkey were given freedom, democracy, individual rights. So there is not one leaf of grass was hurt, is already a formed polished bare soil. Reminiscent of what makes progress with the water, flora, fauna,the atmosphere, our environment. It is hoped that Nature will repent its child, Homo sapiens, and the movement of water will keep O2 from destruction by vehicles, furnaces and thermal power plants.
This paper has studied the processes of water molecules breakdown, which seemed to be impossible, as the result of mechanical exposure. A mechanism of these processes is proposed that is analogous to the mechanical cracking that occurs during the destruction of polymers.
It has been demonstrated the equality, and not radical differences, of energies of covalent and ionic bonds between O and H resulting from equalizing of all bonds in the condensed phase that is facilitated by hydrogen bonds in water molecular clusters.
This contests the sustained opinion of their differences, as this takes place in gases. The energy of water clusters due to hydrogen bonds is significantly larger than the energy of O-H and the formation of radicals does not contradict the law of the conservation of energy. Collisions of water clusters break chemical bonds in liquids and solids, and form radicals, ions. Liquid water is considered as a “perfect set of anomalies”. It is the hydrogen bonds that are responsible for this.
Hydrogen bonds equalise all O-H bonds, which have different strength in gases with individual molecules, and these bonds break with equal probability, and not as covalent and ionic bonds. In water covalent and ionic bonds are equal. Water anomalies cannot be explained by laws that are applicable to gases and crystals. New ways should be sought to model and explain the water anomalies, e.g. models of glass or polymers. A role of other substances is shown to be impacting the formation metastable structures, which exist for prolonged time under such impact. In organisms, that consist of 70% to 90% of water clusters (water polymers), such polymers exist in their respective structures. The “fragments” of water polymers adjust to them helping the organisms to grow. The moving water yields products of chemical reactions and builds structures analogous the matrices of foreign inclusions, impacting physical, chemical, biological and geological processes. Water, which has the leading role for lives on Earth, also helps sciences. The process of water dissociation into ions is now explained as resulting from the motion of water. The mechanism of water dissociation is explained. The origin of oxygen on Earth is also explained as a result of mechanochemical processes and not for photosynthesis, which has crucial significance.
In Nature everything is interlinked and the division of natural philosophy into separate sciences only manifests the limitation of our current knowledge. Mechanics (physics) leads to the conversion processes in water (chemistry) into substances, which are vital for lives (biology) and global processes of Earth (geology). Thus, the water behaviour both in inorganic processes, as well as in living nature, confirms idea of unity laws for “living” nature (“ecosystems”) and “non- living” objects (“environment”). In summary, it has been:
1. Shown the equality of the energies of all of the links O-H in liquid water.
2. Explained the reason for the existence of electrolytic dissociation.
3. Confirmed the idea of the biogenic origin of O2 and the role of water movement in this process.
4. Shown the positive role of the water movement on the development of plants.
5. Explained the reason for the constancy of the peroxide in the moving water.
Author is grateful for useful advices, discussion of results, made remarks and displayed interest to the work to unforgettable N. G. Nikishina.
Styrkas, A.D. (2017) The Role of Water Motion in Natural Processes. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 5, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2017.54003