Theoretical and experimental evidence of physical reality of imaginary numbers using interpretation of Ohm’s law for electrical AC circuits proposed in 1897 by Steinmetz was presented. Other pieces of evidence are mentioned as well. The use of the general scientific principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers allowed to prove that the relativistic formulas in the existing version of the special relativity theory are wrong, as well as to deny the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light and the hypothesis of monoverse. Corrected relativistic formulas are given and on their basis a theory of hidden Multiverse is proposed, parallel universes of which are mutually invisible. Using data obtained by the spacecrafts WMAP and Planck, it is proved that the hidden Multiverse has a quaternion structure, exists in the six-dimensional space, and forms Hyperverse together with other Multiverses. It is shown that the parallel universes of the hidden Multiverse are continuously drifting in multidimensional space, touch each other in many places and are even partially immersed in each other, forming portals. It is alleged that the search for extraterrestrial life in deep space is devoid of meaning, as you can even walk to the adjacent parallel universes through portals, which are anomalous zones on Earth. Moreover, extraterrestrial super civilizations have already found us long time ago and are located on Earth. The attempts to contact these super civilizations are meaningless as well, because such contacts are possible only at their wish. Consequently, to make the contacts possible, we need to convince super civilizations that human civilization is of interest to them and that it has a sufficiently high intelligence. It is shown how the human super intelligence over can be realized.
Established at the beginning of the last century by Joseph Larmor [
Since modern physics is largely founded not on experimentally obtained data, but on those or other postulates, the corresponding theories can be incontrovertibly refuted only by means of experiments. And so in the early twenty-first century attempts of refutation of the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light in SRT were made by collaboration of MINOS [
However, as noted by the author of the concept of ‘open society’ Karl Raimund Popper [
This circumstance unwittingly begs the simple explanation that the physical community did not need scientific truth, but the support of an erroneous public opinion about the alleged infallibility of SRT. And as such, long-term unique OPERA experiment, which has failed to refute the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light appeared as the most opportune and absolutely reliable alternative experiments described below, managed to still prove the fallacy of SRT, were, on the contrary, very inappropriate.
Why is the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light was so necessary in SRT? Why the generally accepted at the present time version of SRT would not be a success without it?
And the thing is that the corresponding to relativistic formulas of SRT - for example, the formula of Lorentz-Einstein
where
- the physical values on the hyper light speeds when
So in order to avoid such a situation the authors of SRT have needed proven anywhere and by anyone (in other words, postulated) principle of non-exceeding the speed of light, as in accordance with this principle at sub-light speeds when
And this postulate was substantiated at first glance even quite clearly as follows. Since the value of the relativistic mass m in the formula (1) depends on the speed
But the provided substantiation is refuted even by practice of usual life. Indeed, it is impossibility to get into the next room of one’s dwelling through the barrier separating them in the form of wall, does not mean that the next room does not exist and that it is impossible to get there through the door.
It is interesting to note that the current version of SRT was actually refuted even before its creation. Indeed, the main works of the authors of SRT [
But at that time the Internet had not yet existed, and it was excusable to the creators of SRT not know about Steinmetz’s theory. But after a hundred plus years it is already unforgivable for the physicists not to know of established by Steinmetz theory, which is now is used by all electrical and radio engineers.
And not to be unfounded, let’s give a simple proof of the physical reality of imaginary numbers [
This said, the resistance of capacitors and inductance coils measured by imaginary numbers is often also called imaginary. And under the dominant influence of SRT they are still understood as imaginary, that is, really physically not existing. But this is not true. If the resistance of the capacitors and inductance coils were actually imaginary, then from the change in their values when the change of frequency of the applied voltage the value flowing through LCR-, RL-, RC-, LC-circuit of the electric current would have been independent. But the engineers have known for a long time that it depends on the frequency. This is confirmed by the existence of mass-produced for several decades instruments for measuring the frequency characteristics of electrical circuits, which confirm the presence of the mentioned dependence.
Moreover, if the imaginary impedance of capacitors and inductance coils were not physically real, in electrical circuits could not be a resonance phenomenon [
Consequently, since mathematics is the universal language of all exact sciences, the physical reality of imaginary resistance of capacitors and inductors clearly shows the physical reality of imaginary numbers which measure the parameters of corresponding physical objects. Therefore, the principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers is general scientific and also applicable in special relativity theory, quantum mechanics, optics and the rest of the exact sciences.
There is other, equally compelling, evidence of the physical reality of imaginary numbers [
But from the principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers, it follows that according to Lorentz-Einstein formula (1) relativistic mass m at the hyper light speeds when
This can be done as follows. Moving at the hyper light speeds
And the explanation given above regarding physical nature of tachyons and tachyon universe actually is a refutation of the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light.
Therefore, we do not live in monoverse (i.e. in a single universe), as stated in the current version of SRT, but in the invisible Multiverse, which we shall call hidden [
But Lorentz-Einstein formula (1) and other relativistic formula of the existing version of SRT do not comply with this condition, as in the ranges
where
The rest of the relativistic formula can be corrected in a similar manner. For example,
where
It should be noted that Albert Einstein did not exclude such SRT correction in the future. He wrote: “No single idea, which I would be sure that it will stand the test of time”.
From the formulas (2a, b), as it is seen that the parameter
It is possible that something similar Stephen William Hawking had in mind, who wrote: “Imaginary time is a new dimension, at right angles to ordinary, real time.”
At the same time new parameter q in the formulas (2a, b) can be interpreted in the hidden Multiverse as a fourth spatial coordinate (similar to apartments number in an apartment building, each of which contains its own three spatial coordinates). Consequently, parallel universes (because, despite its immensity, they never intersect) in such a structure of Multiverse co-exist in the four- dimensional space, forming a closed (otherwise the question arises what is beyond the edges of the open Multiverse structure) helically-formed ring, as shown in
And these parallel universes in multidimensional space, drifting continuously, sometimes touch each other (as the people in the crowd), and sometimes even partially immerse in each other, while forming a certain transition zones, through which parallel universes can share their material content.
These numerous transition zones between adjacent universes are often referred to in the fiction as portals or stellar gates [
However, any structure of the Multiverse cannot be considered satisfactory in any way, if it is does not explain the phenomenon of dark matter and dark energy [
1) mass-energy of the dark matter and dark energy exceeds the mass-energy of our entire visible universe more than twenty times;
2) in the composition of dark matter and dark energy none of the known chemical elements is found, and even any subatomic particle that gives rise to doubts as to the correctness of the modern understanding of the term “matter” and is expected to cast a science in its development up to millennia ago.
In this connection, Stephen William Hawking wrote: “The missing link in cosmology is the nature of dark matter and dark energy”.
This phenomenon has not been explained up until very recently. Moreover, its explanation failed to even come close in the past decade. But the reason for that is just the wrong statement of the search task of explaining the phenomenon certainly in monoverse corresponding to the existing incorrect version of SRT. And as Albert Einstein claimed: “Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results”.
But if we abandon this restrictive condition and will seek a solution to the problem in the hidden Multiverse, we won’t even have to look for it. It is obvious [
1) dark matter and dark energy are the invisible other, except our parallel universes of the hidden multiverse, i.e., these are only their other names;
2) at the same time the dark matter are the universes surrounding our universe;
3) dark energy are the others, except for our and neighboring with it universes, other universes;
4) and the chemical composition of the contents of the universes that make up the dark matter and dark energy, and being in other dimensions, cannot be determined from our universe.
No less important and misunderstood problem in cosmology than the phenomenon of the dark matter and dark energy is the explanation of antimatter location [
Indeed, the Big Bang which occurred 13.77 ± 0.059 billion years ago had to create matter and antimatter in equal amounts. But our universe consists of the matter only. The scientists were able to synthesize antimatter, as well as to discover it in some natural phenomena only in minute amounts, which, however, confirms the fundamental possibility of its existence.
So the logical question is - where the antimatter is located in large quantities? Clearly, there’s no place for it in the monoverse. Otherwise, as a result of the annihilation of matter and antimatter the monoverse would have been destroyed.
And in the hidden Multiverse as a result of corresponding in a multidimensional space alternation of universes and antiverses, both tardyon and tachyon, it can stably exist. Moreover, as shown in
Extremely valuable data obtained by the spacecraft WMAP [
According to the measurements of Planck [
On the basis of these data it is safe to assume that as a result of mutual infiltration through the portals of micro- and mini-content of the parallel universes, their mass-energy has the largely averaged out (even if, for some reason, immediately after the Bing Bang their mass-energy in different universes would have been different), and it is with great accuracy equal to the mass-energy of our universe.
Therefore:
1) According to Planck data the hidden Multiverse contains 100%/4.9% = 20.4 (and according to WMAP - 100%/4.6% = 21.8) parallel universes. I.e. the most probably 20 ... 22 parallel universes.
2) According to Planck data the hidden Multiverse contains 26.8%/4.9 = 5.5 (and according to WMAP 22.4%/4.6% = 4.9) parallel universes. I.e. the most probably 5 ... 6 parallel universes.
3) According to Planck data the hidden Multiverse contains 68.3%/4.9 = 13.9 (and according to WMAP 73.0%/4.6% = 15.9) parallel universes. I.e. the most probably 14 ... 16 parallel universes.
However, it is not difficult to note that these results do not correspond to the structure of the hidden Multiverse, as shown in
And what kind of circumstances are those, which may have conditioned the emergence of 5 ... 6 tachyon neighboring universes and antiverses in our tardyon universe?
To answer this question, let us recall that the tachyon universes and antiverse in the above structure of the hidden Multiverse were a consequence of accounting in the formulas (2a, b) of the physical reality of only one imaginary unit, which is typical for complex numbers, and statement of the existence of only one additional spatial measurement. Therefore, in this situation it is logical to assume that for the existence of 5 ... 6 neighboring tachyon universes and antiverses requires three additional spatial dimensions and accounting for physical reality of hyper complex numbers [
Consequently, Lorentz-Einstein formula should be corrected once more as follows
where q is the total number of parallel universes, penetration to which with the distance from our tardyon universe is realized via portals corresponding to the imaginary unit i1;
r is the total number of parallel universes, penetration to which with the distance from our tardyon universe is realized via portals corresponding to the imaginary unit i2;
s is the total number of parallel universes, penetration to which with the distance from our tardyon universe is realized via portals corresponding to the imaginary unit i3;
c is the speed of light.
Other relativistic formula of SRT can be corrected in a similar manner. For example,
The quaternion structure of the hidden Multiverse [
The structure of the six-dimensional space, in which such a hidden Multiverse exists, is illustrated in
However, given in
Currently a large number of various implementations of the Multiverses are offered. The most interesting of them are set forth in [
But the idea of the hidden Multiverse outlined above is verifiable [
1) it has experimental support in the form of the dark matter and dark energy, as the latter are merely other names of all the others, except for our parallel universes forming it;
2) it has also a confirmation in the form of those experiments on particle accelerators, as a result of which there was a mass defect which was explained by the tachyons formation and passage through the microportals to the neighboring universes;
3) it can be experimentally confirmed by geophysical research of the portals, which are so-called anomalous zones at the Earth [
Since it follows from the foregoing that the neighboring with our universe other parallel universes are actually physically exist and that the portals connecting our universe with them actually physically exist, including those located at the Earth, it is useful to consider the problem with contacts inevitably existing around us other civilizations as well [
And to do this, to begin with, let’s clarify the basic concepts on this issue.
Under civilization we will understand the hierarchical structure of living creatures, united for the common good and able to mutually coordinate their activities by exchanging the information necessary for it, i.e. having a language. And under super civilization we will understand a civilization more advanced than our human civilization.
Currently, it is widely believed that in the world there is only one civilization - human. And that only people able to talk to each other. However, it is not like this.
Firstly, the humanity itself is not a single civilization, but is divided according to the territorial, economic, cultural, religious, linguistic, racial and historic grounds into sub civilizations. And these sub civilizations meet different levels of their development.
Secondly, according to the proposed definition civilizations are many biological communities as well―monkey and wolf packs, herds of elephants, and even the ant heels and bee swarms. But they differ significantly from human sub civilizations. And their main difference from the human sub civilizations is the lack of industrial production. Therefore, they, in contrast to human industrial sub civilizations, can be called non-industrial sub civilizations.
Finally, at the Earth is certainly present, a super civilization (or super civilizations) unknown to us as well, whose habitat extends beyond our planet, the solar system and even our universe. Therefore, this earthly super civilization is extraterrestrial as well. And it is unknown to us because it is well protected from human attention the same way as the people are protected from penetration in their homes of birds, animals, snakes, insects and other living inhabitants of the Earth.
And this super civilization perceives us nearly the same way as we perceive cat, dog and other non-industrial sub civilizations living next to us as intelligence tests, for example, we have not passed in the form of crop circles.
In the order to further explain how you can improve the human intellect, it is necessary to clarify this concept as well, by which we will mean the individual and collective ability to detect the patterns in the initial data array (in particular, to read encrypted messages) and to use identified patterns.
The scientists have been unsuccessfully trying to solve the problem of contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations that exist in outer space since 1959 within the framework of SETI project (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), which from 1971 is carried out under the auspices of NASA. And in 2015, Professor Stephen William Hawking, and billionaire Yuri Milner announced that for Breakthrough Listen initiative for the same purpose they have allocated another $100 million.
However, the formulation of the problem to find other civilizations in outer space is still obviously had meaning only in so far as part of Monoverse hypothesis corresponding to the current version of SRT, it had no alternative. But, as shown above, the existing version of SRT was wrong. Therefore, the discovery of the existing in reality the hidden Multiverse made redundant search for extraterrestrial civilizations in outer space. Such searches are meaningless because you can simply walk through numerous, located at the territory of almost all countries, portals, called anomalous zones to the neighboring universes [
As for the anomalous zones, they are called in such a way because something strange is happening there, which is why people are afraid to visit these places. And rightly so, as the inhabitants of other universes do not want people to visit them (because we also do not want uninvited guests to visit our homes), that is why they place in the portals the different spooks. And in addition to spooks the portals, probably are additionally equipped with security systems protecting the inhabitants of the neighboring universes from curiosity of the most intrepid inhabitants of the Earth. All this must be taken into account.
And although it would seem that research of the portals with the help of robots may seem as a safe pastime and even bringing great benefit, since, after realizing the geophysical processes in the portals, you can create artificial portals, including time machines (as the time in different universes flows in different directions), it should not be done so without the permission of super civilizations.
Therefore, the problem for us is not in the search of super civilizations, and not even not in search of contact with them, because to be or not to be of our contacts with super civilizations―it is not us who decide, but they are. Therefore, such contacts could take place only if our human civilization will be of interest to the Earth’s super civilization. To do this, obviously, human civilization must be harmless for them, useful, and have a sufficiently high intelligence. Therefore, we still have to pass the test in the form of crop circles.
And in order to better understand the problem of contacts, it would be useful for us to learn how to establish meaningful contacts with terrestrial non-indu- strialized sub civilizations―communities of monkeys, dogs, cats, elephants, dolphins, etc.―and understand them, since they may have knowledge unknown to us. And yet, because we do not know how the highly intelligent inhabitants of other universes look like.
That is why now the main task of mankind in space is not the search for extraterrestrial super civilizations and not attempts to establish contact with them, but much more difficult problem of self-perfecting of our human civilization to a level of extraterrestrial super civilizations.
The political component of this problem should to be addressed by politicians and diplomats. Economic components should to be addressed by businessmen and politicians again. A scientific component of this problem, which we would consider further, is, first of all, to find ways of creating human super intelligence. It should be solved by scientists and engineers specializing in the field of information technology.
To understand how this problem can be solved, first we need to clarify what is human intelligence, that is artificial intelligence and what is super intelligence. And also to remember what is technological singularity.
And let’s start with technological singularity by which the point of time is understood - according to various estimates within 2018 or at the latest 2030 or at the latest 2045 year―after which as a result of Moore’s law computers and the Internet allegedly will become so sophisticated that there will be computer civilization at the Earth (or computer super intelligence) that can enslave people. But this is―just an interesting fiction of talented writers of science fiction, which made a great impression on readers, including some scientists and engineers [
In fact, the concept of technological singularity is unrealistic, since it ignores the fact that humanity is already using extensively a large number of dangerous technologies (for example, experiments to create artificial black holes at the Large Hadron Collider), over which they learned to maintain reliable control. And inevitably as a result of scientific and technological progress more and more of these dangerous technologies will be used. And, therefore, there also will be more and more opportunities for inventing horror stories.
But this is just another reason for more serious attitude to the problems of ozone depletion, global ocean pollution, increasing of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and other adverse consequences of unwise human activities. But it is not an excuse to harass with mythical dangers and diversion of resources on unnecessary activities.
The weak point of technological singularity concept is the assertion that it is possible to create super intelligence on the basis of artificial intelligence and the Internet. In [
1) neither degree of perfection of the human intelligence, which uses a different set of very useful (but poorly studied) forms of human thought, including the powerful subconscious multivariate mind used, in particular, at the decision of creative tasks;
2) neither degree of imperfection of artificial intelligence, which is only poorly mimics the most primitive form of human thought―small-factor rational thinking;
3) nor degree of imperfection of the Internet, which has many fatal flaws, making it virtually unusable (except for e-mail and the World Wide Web WWW) in business, research and others kinds of people activity.
But on the basis of multivariate thinking the human super intelligence, capable of solving creative problems in science, in business, in the administration management and other kinds of human activity can be realized. For the implementation of the human super intelligence the existing computers need other software, it is quite feasible, and special network support, for which, however, the Internet is fundamentally not capable. Using of computer networks [
Finally, the danger of technological singularity is most incontrovertibly refuted by the fact of the existence of super civilizations themselves.
The human civilization, having learned new information super intellectual technologies and having overcome computer spooks, would already be able to establish contacts with super civilizations
The article shows that:
1) The principle of non-exceeding the speed of light was postulated in SRT (as it is not proven anywhere, and by anyone) only because its creators did not know how to explain the physical meaning of the imaginary relativistic mass, imaginary relativistic time and other imaginary relativistic physical values at hyper light speeds;
2) The principle of non-exceeding the speed of light is wrong;
3) Out of incorrect principle of non-exceeding the speed of light in SRT wrong conclusions about the existence of Monoverse and about physical unreality of imaginary numbers were made;
4) Imaginary, complex and hypercomplex numbers are physically real;
5) Relativistic formulas of SRT are incorrect and they are corrected;
6) The corrected relativistic formulas of SRT imply the existence of mutually invisible parallel universes (because, despite their immensity, they never intersect), together forming a hidden Multiverse;
7) The hidden Multiverse according to WMAP and Planck data has quaternion structure;
8) The hidden Multiverse according to WMAP and Planck data is combined with 1 ... 3 other Multiverses, inaccessible to our observations, not only by electromagnetic but also by gravitational manifestations, which together form Hyperverse;
9) The hidden Multiverse according to WMAP and Planck data contains 20 ... 22 parallel universes, out of which 5 ... 6 parallel universes are neighboring to our universe, and the remaining 14 ... 16 parallel universes are shielded from us by adjacent parallel universes;
10) Other parallel universes neighboring to our universe, form the dark matter and they are merely their other name;
11) Parallel universes, shielded from our universe with parallel universes of the dark matter, form dark energy and are merely their other name;
12) The dark matter and dark energy are the experimental evidence of physical reality of the hidden Multiverse;
13) The possibility of the existence in the hidden Multiverse of a large number of anti-verses is determined by their alternation with the universe in six-dimen- sional space, due to which their annihilation is excluded;
14) Verifiability of the hidden Multiverse, in addition to the phenomenon of the dark matter and dark energy, is also confirmed by the experiments on particle accelerators, as a result of which there was a mass defect explained by the formation of tachyons and their transition into tachyon universes and antiverses;
15) Parallel universes drifting in a multidimensional space sometimes or always touch each other and even partially sink into each other, forming numerous transition zones, called portals or anomalous zones through which mutual transition of micro and mini objects―from subatomic particles to the living inhabitants with their vehicles is possible;
16) Search of extraterrestrial civilizations in outer space and attempts to establish contact with them are meaningless, because these civilizations have found us themselves long time ago, they have been presented at the Earth for a long time, and they, but not we decide whether there would be or would not to be such contacts;
17) To ensure that our contacts with the more advanced civilizations took place, human civilization must not pose a threat to them, should be useful for them and should significantly improve its intellectual level;
18) To implement the human multifactorial super intelligence, unlike the computer artificial intelligence which is a poor imitation of the most primitive type of human thought―small-factor rational thinking, the network support is necessary, for which the Internet is not suitable.
As you can see, this article contains some unusual statements. But on this occasion is appropriate to recall the opinion of Sir Isaac Newton: “No great discovery was ever made without a bold guess.”
The author is grateful for participation in the discussion of the paper to Dr. Olga Ilyinichna Antonova, whose criticism and valuable comments contributed to improvement of the paper.
Antonov, A.A. (2017) Hidden Multiverse Extraterrestrial Super Civilizations. Natural Science, 9, 43- 62. https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2017.93005