“Open community” has aroused widespread concern and research. This paper focuses on the system analysis research of the problem that based on statistics including the regression equation fitting function and mathematical theory, combined with the actual effect of camera measurement method, Prim’s algorithm and neural network to “Open community” and the applicable conditions. Research results show that with the increasing number of roads within the district, the benefit time gradually increased, but each type of district capacity is different.
Capillaries are reticular throughout the body, connecting arteries and veins. If the capillary is clogged, it will affect the blood flow and material exchange between arteries and veins. For urban traffic, “capillaries” are small roads that people are not interested in. If the “capillaries” blocked, then the “artery” and “vein” are no longer efficient [
In order to study this huge problem, we decided to establish a mathematical model, and then empirical analysis. This requires us to establish a suitable index system, to evaluate the “open community” to control the role of road congestion. After analysis, we established the following index evaluation system (
Road capacity, we can use a certain vehicle through a certain area of the minimum time to measure. The term “the benefit time” is defined as the time difference between a roadway around a residential area that permits traffic and does not allow traffic. The “the benefit time” is determined by the number of lanes and the speed, and the speed is related to the traffic density
As of September 11, 2016, there were 23 provinces, 4 municipalities, 2 special administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions in China. A total of 660 one, two, three-tier cities, each city car capacity and community structure is different, in order to study the problem in a better environment, select a suitable city is essential [
Region selection reason:
1) Motor vehicle ownership is more appropriate, the majority of private cars, Hohhot, China can represent most of the city level, and there is great room for optimization.
2) This city is located in the plateau area. Roads are mostly straight; car congestion is almost free from geographical factors.
3) Residential area characterized as “Large mixed, small settlements”, forming a number of residential circle, conducive to the investigation and research.
Based on the above reasons, the selected research city is Hohhot, and the selected community is the representative district in this city.
According to the data obtained from the traffic management department of Hohhot, as shown in the blue area for most of the private car owner residential area, the figures (
Traffic flow around the residential area = total traffic volume × The percentage.
Through the “2011-2013 focus on environmental protection in key urban road traffic noise monitoring situation (2014)”, we found that the average hourly traffic volume in Hohhot was 2231 Vehicle/hour [
Through the study of many authoritative data, we find that the trend of traffic flow in many cities is “double hump [
After a lot of data query, we found that there is a function similar to the “double hump”, through the modification and adjustment of this function, we get a “double-like hump” function (
y = ( ( ( x 4 − 3 ) 2 + 0.5 ) × e − ( x 4 − 3 ) 2 + 2 + 0.1 ) × 1000 (1)
In the follow-up analysis, the total traffic volume of the whole city in different time periods will be calculated by this function.
Through the analysis of the problem, we choose an algorithm in graph theory- Prim’s algorithm [
In general, area around the crossroads can be formed well shape(
Assume the gate is at points A and D, so departure from A 1 and A 2 or D 1 and D 2 the departure traffic is the same. So this situation can be simplified into the following road network simulation map (
In order to obtain the necessary data, we use the Traffic Engineering photogrammetry [
After obtaining the data, we are ready to use MATLAB software for regression
analysis [
In order to quantitatively express the relationship between density and velocity, we then carry out different degrees of regression analysis in order to find the function expression between the two.
Its linear regression model is shown in
1) Square regression equation
Its square regression model is shown
2) Cubic regression equation
Its cubic regression model is shown in
3) Neural Network Optimal Regression
We use MATLAB software for neural network Levenberg-Marquardt [
Remnant analysis of neural network and raining, Validation, Text of the correlation coefficient are shown in
After several iterations, we find that the correlation coefficient is optimal when the high-order regression equation, but the correlation coefficient change from the second order is not particularly obvious, so we then use second-order regression equation as a function of speed and density relational expression.
According to the Prim’s algorithm and permutation and combination method, we simulate the driver’s route selection method:
1) In the node a wait, in front of the fork in the road 1, 2, ..., after selection into step 2.
2) After the observation, select the lowest traffic flow in the fork in the road, to reach the next node, go to step 3.
3) The node is the end of the loop term to stop, if not the end, continue with step 1 cycle.
In the steady state, with the formula for calculating the profit time to get this set of formulas:
Δ T = ∑ i ( T 1 i − T 2 i ) = ∑ i ( T 3 i − T 4 i ) = ∑ i ( T 5 i − T 6 i ) , ( i = 1 , 2 , 3 ⋯ ) (2)
In which, T 1 i is the commuting time required before opening section Yi, T 2 i is the commuting time required after opening section Yi, T 3 i is the length of the before opening section Yi/the speed of the Vehicle on the road before opening section Yi, T 4 i is the length of the after opening section Yi/the speed of the vehicle on the road after opening section Yi, T 5 i is the length of the before opening section Yi/the traffic density of the before opening section Yi, T 6 i is the length of the after opening section Yi/the traffic density of the after opening section Yi.
By simulating the simplest cell structure, we can obtain the following road network simulation map (
Let AB segment be n 1 lane, BD segment be n 2 lane, CD is n 3 lane, AC segment is n 4 lane.
According to the driver routing method, we can assume that in the case of stability, AE and AC road traffic density is the same. Let this traffic density be ρ , And traffic flow density caused by traffic flow in other directions is denoted by ρ n , ρ e , ρ s , ρ w . After opening the cell, the density of each section is
The ratio of traffic density between AE and AC links is 1 : 1
A E = ρ , A C = ρ (3)
When the vehicle arrives at point E, the traffic density of EF and EB sections is equal. The ratio of traffic density between EB and AE is 1: (1 + n_1):
E B = ρ × 1 1 + n 1 , E F = ρ × 1 1 + n 2 (4)
When the vehicle arrives at point B, the traffic density of EB and BD is n 1 : n 2 :
B D = ρ × n 1 ( 1 + n 1 ) × n 2 (5)
When the vehicle arrives at the point F, the traffic density of the FD section comes from the traffic density of the EF section and the CF section:
F D = ρ × n 4 + ρ 1 + n 1 n 3 (6)
When the vehicle arrives at point C, the ratio of the traffic flow density of CF road segment to the traffic flow density of AC link is n 3 : n 4 :
C F = ρ × n 4 n 3 (7)
Before the “Open community”, the density (
A B = ρ , A C = ρ , B D = ρ × n 1 n 2 , C D = ρ × n 4 n 3 (8)
Let ΔT be the time gain after opening the cell:
#Math_46# (9)
By modeling a slightly more complex cell structure, we can obtain the following plot road network simulation.
Let AB segment be n 1 lane, BD segment be n 2 lane, CD is n 3 lane, AC segment is n 4 lane (
The ratio of traffic density between AE and AC links is 1 : 1
A E = ρ , A C = ρ (10)
When the vehicle arrives at point E, the traffic density of EB and EO sections is equal. The ratio of traffic density between EB and AE is 1 : ( 1 + n 1 ) ):
E B = ρ × 1 1 + n 1 , E O = ρ 1 + n 1 (11)
When the vehicle arrives at point B, the traffic density of EB and BD is n 1 : n 2 :
B G = n 1 × ρ ( 1 + n 1 ) × n 2 (12)
The traffic density of the CF link is determined by the AC link:
C F = ρ × n 4 n 3 (13)
When the vehicle arrives at point O, the traffic density of EO is divided into OG and OF:
O G = 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + 2 , F O = 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + 2 (14)
The traffic density of the GD section is gathered by the traffic density of the OG link and the BG link:
G D = [ ρ × n 1 1 + n 1 + 1 × ρ ( 2 × n 2 + 2 ) ] n 2 (15)
FG road traffic flow density from the OF section and the CF section of the traffic flow density from the pool, then:
F D = [ 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + n 4 × ρ ] n 3 (16)
Before the “Open community”, the density (
A B = ρ , B D = n 1 × ρ n 2 , C D = ρ × n 4 n 3 , A C = ρ (17)
Let Δ T be the time gain after opening the cell:
Δ T = n 1 n 1 + n 4 × n 1 n 1 + 1 × [ Y 1 f ( ρ 1 + n 1 + ρ n ) − Y 1 f ( ρ 1 + n 1 + ρ n ) + 2 × Y 2 f ( ρ × n 1 n 2 + ρ e ) − Y 2 f ( ρ × n 1 ( 1 + n 1 ) × n 2 + ρ e ) − Y 2 f ( [ 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + n 4 × ρ ] n 3 + ρ e ) ] + n 1 n 1 + 1 × 1 2 × n 1 + 2 × [ Y 1 f ( ρ + ρ n ) + 2 × Y 2 f ( n 1 × ρ n 2 + ρ e ) − Y 2 f ( ρ 1 + n 1 ) − Y 2 f ( 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + 2 ) − Y 1 f ( [ 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + n 4 × ρ ] n 3 ) ] + n 1 n 1 + n 4 × 1 2 × n 1 + 2 × [ Y 1 f ( ρ + ρ n ) + 2 × Y 2 f ( n 1 × ρ n 2 + ρ e ) − Y 2 f ( ρ 1 + n 1 ) − Y 2 f ( 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + 2 ) − Y 2 f ( [ ρ × n 1 1 + n 1 + 1 × ρ 2 × n 2 + 2 ] n 2 ) ] + n 1 n 1 + n 4 × [ Y 1 f ( ρ × n 4 n 3 + ρ s ) − Y 1 f ( 1 × ρ 2 × n 1 + n 4 × ρ n 3 ) + ρ s ] (18)
Through the empirical analysis of the study, we come to the following conclusions as
Next, the evaluation system is used to test the traffic flow of the residential vehicles: the traffic volume density and the cell type are regulated under the premise of controlling the number of lanes around the cells.
After selecting the mean (175) and maximum (325) in the series data, we found that the same time, the yield time with the number of lanes in the district continues to lengthen. When only the density changes, the experiment chooses the peak data 325, the single-lane cell and the T-shaped road plot gain time is negative, which reflects the two communities on the morning and evening peak
Data Sheet | ||
---|---|---|
Traffic density | The benefit time of a single lane | T-section of the benefits of time |
170 | 1.9222 | 2.6883 |
325 | −50.33305 | −17.1311 |
traffic capacity is limited. Community open only play a role in slowing traffic congestion, rather than cure.
This area is a selected area of the old district and the structure is relatively simple. The main road is a one-way street and the main road network structure marked in the map. The area around the road is a two-way street. Now we make an analysis of a problem about whether the area is conducive to ease the surrounding road congestion (
Through the analysis of the actual map, we get the following road network simulation (
We set the AB segment for the n 1 lane, BD segment for the n 2 lane, CD for the n 3 lane, AC segment for the n 4 lane and 1 Lane inside the cell.
After the opening of the district:
According to the principles of the road drivers, the vehicle at A point into the network. AE and AF sections is the same road density so the A E = ρ and A F = ρ .
At E point because of the density of the EB segment and the EO section, the density ratio of the two sections is n 1 : 1 . Then,
E B = ρ n 1 + 1 , E O = ρ n 1 + 1 (19)
At F point because of the density of the FC segment and the FO section, the density ratio of the two sections is n 4 : 1 .Then,
F C = ρ n 4 + 1 , F O = ρ n 4 + 1 (20)
At O point because the density of the OH section and the OG section is the same, the density ratio of the two sections is 1 : 1 and the traffic volume is the sum of the EO and FO sections. Then,
The traffic flow density of BH and CG sections is fully inherited in EB segment and FC segment. Then,
O H = [ ρ n 1 + 1 + ρ n 4 + 1 ] 2 , O G = [ ρ n 1 + 1 + ρ n 4 + 1 ] 2 (21)
HD and GD sections of traffic flow density were inherited with BH sections and OH sections with CG sections and OG sections. Then,
G D = { ρ × n 4 n 4 + 1 + [ ρ n 1 + 1 + ρ n 4 + 1 ] 2 } n 3 , H D = { ρ × n 1 n 1 + 1 + [ ρ n 1 + 1 + ρ n 4 + 1 ] 2 } n 2 (22)
Before the district is not ope, the density of each section:
A B = ρ , B D = ρ × n 1 n 2 , C D = ρ × n 4 n 3 , A C = ρ (23)
Final return time:
Δ T = [ n 4 n 4 + n 1 ] × { γ 1 f ( D + D n ) + γ 2 f ( D × n 4 n 2 + D i ) − n 4 n 4 + 1 × [ γ 2 f ( D n 4 + 1 + D W ) + γ 1 f ( D × n 4 [ ( n 4 + 1 ) × n 2 ] ) + D i ] − 1 n 4 + 1 × [ γ 1 f [ D n 4 + 1 ] + γ 2 f ( [ D n 1 + 1 + D n 4 + 1 ] 2 ) ] } + ( n 1 n 1 + n 4 ) × { γ 1 f ( D + D n ) + λ 2 f ( D × n 1 n 2 + D i ) − n 2 n 2 − 1 × [ γ 2 f ( D D i + 1 + D e ) + γ 1 f ( D n 1 + 1 ) + D e ] − 1 n 2 + 1 × [ λ 1 f ( D n 1 + 1 + D n 4 + 1 2 ) + λ 2 f ( D n 1 + 1 ) ] } (24)
Through the calculation of the data, we come to the conclusion as
We carried out the following inspection of the district traffic through the evaluation system:
We control the number of lines around the area and cell types as well as the traffic flow density adjustment. As a result, we find that the gain time synchronization increases with the increase of density. However, any cell has its upper limit capacity combined with the actual. So it cannot increase the density of traffic flow.
This area is within the selected region of a new park area (
We will simplify the interior of this area (
Through the calculation of the data, we come to the conclusion as
Through the analysis of Park Road District, we found that it is the same as the “cross road”. Through the study of the reasons, we find that the park road network structure is almost the same as the “cross road” community after the geometric transformation. This proves the universality of the “cross road” community.
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction, The issue of community Open community has become the focus of attention.
Data Sheet | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traffic density | 135 | 142 | 170 | 225 | 325 |
Cross section of the benefit time | 3.2172 | 3.4178 | 3.9979 | 7.2684 | 26.1015 |
Data Sheet | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traffic density | 135 | 142 | 170 | 225 | 325 |
Park-type sections of the benefit period | 3.2172 | 3.4178 | 3.9979 | 7.2684 | 26.1015 |
Some people disagree with the Open community of the community, taking into account their own security problems. After the opening of the community, with the passage of vehicles increased in the area, people’s travel security is not guaranteed, and into the area of mixed personnel, for people’s property security is also a great danger. Therefore, in the construction should pay attention to the construction of security measures and internal road construction in parallel to address people’s concerns.
After the open area, we can find: with the increasing number of roads within the district, the benefit time gradually increased, but each type of district capacity is different. For the urban planning department, it is possible to increase the road capacity within the area to be built, and the more roads in the area, the stronger the capacity of the area. For the district, has been built for transformation, the internal road construction should be appropriately reduced, not suitable for building too many roads. Because of its internal road structure is fixed, so we must fully consider the choice of road width factors.
Through the establishment of the traffic velocity-density relation model, we can see that the one-way and the T-shaped roads have lower bearing capacity. For the simple structure of the internal road area, it cannot make too much traffic flow through, otherwise it will lead to cell blockage. Therefore, it is necessary to control the traffic volume in the district for traffic management. In the daily traffic peak hours, we must set traffic flow access restrictions to prevent excessive traffic flow.
This research was carried out with support of National Natural Science Foundation of People’s Republic of China (project 71261017 and 71661025).
Lv, X.M., Li, A., Zhang, S.K. and Li, J.B. (2017) Residential Community Open-Up Strategy Based on Prim’s Algorithm and Neural Network Algorithm. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 5, 551-567. https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2017.52047