To develop the dynamic monitoring algorithm of visual safety distance in highway, by using the highway video traffic monitoring system, the research platform of four kinds of terrain environment in plateau, mountainous area, plain and coastal area is established. Results show that through the contrast between the sample data and visibility train of thought, based on the theory of mathematical morphology, expressway visibility dynamic monitoring image information system can be established. Based on the theory of the measurement of the basic formula of visibility, the dynamic model of the optimization is established, set up 200 meters distance visual observation target system, research visual range detection algorithm process.
Fog is one of the most serious traffic accidents caused by highway disastrous weather. Over the past years, the highway traffic accidents caused by heavy fog occurred frequently. The visibility detection sample space is quite limited; it is difficult to truly reflect the visibility of the road section, which is not conducive to the analysis of fog distribution. Research on digital video camera provides distance measurement based on the new principle and method, and the way to obtain the target information is basically consistent with the observation of the human eye [
Based on highway traffic video monitoring system of Expressway in Hebei province, Selected routes Zhangbei (plateau), Fengning (mountain), Xingtai (plain) and Laoting (coastal) (four counties in Hebei, China) four terrain environment, climate conditions of high-speed road section as a research test point, and the establishment of traffic video monitoring terminal system, set up regular image capture, image information of each traffic camera device.
In the process of visual safety distance monitoring, the system will continue to produce a large number of pictures, and therefore need to carry out scientific management of the picture [
Based on the SQL database technology, establish the visual range observation database. However, due to the complexity of the measurement between each other, it is often difficult to use accurate numerical methods and mathematical methods to determine [
Natural light is the more optional targets. Because the detection process of the human eye is a contrast detection process, the pattern of the target object should have the edge of high contrast [
In the absence of natural light in the night, the luminous object light source is the ideal choice of visual distance. According to our provincial highway, according to the province of high-speed roads, traffic around the camera without self luminous body, the visible light from the reflected light traveling between the vehicle headlights and illuminated objects. The middle of the highway isolation fence as a target, on the one hand to ensure stability of the illuminated objects reflect light, to ensure the consistency of the target time on the other hand, avoid at different times due to atmospheric
changes caused by change of flux visibility misalignment [
For the daytime mist condition, the target object selection can be selected with the same night, that the middle of the highway guardrail. In the same section select the same night samples and found that the isolation barrier has become blurred, the difference of foreground and background luminance brightness is small, but the car lane on both sides but with a different background. In this case, select on both sides of road line as the target to determine the results as scheduled target quality control part in the calculation. The pictures are shown in
Quantitative measurement of visual distance by MOR, Incandescent lamp as the light source, the visible light spectrum natural, the characteristic is that it can cause the naked eye, and the normal human eyes can be different in the visible light at different wavelengths. The infrared and ultraviolet light has no visual response, according to the physical definition of meteorological optical range, establishment of test field visual distance target observation system, meet the visibility meter calibration and visual distance observation comparison.
Visibility detection algorithm flow is as follows: establishment of observation target with distance information; eliminate the image pre-processing in image noise; target detection based on SAD algorithm; analog camera image edge feature extraction of human; nonlinear fitting of the relationship between the degree of contrast and distance, and the visibility value [
The camera and the pavement of highway traffic between the imaging geometry is the visibility value calculated on the basis of the model, as shown in
Based on the definition of camera parameters, the coordinate transformation between the ground coordinate system and the camera coordinate system is established, as follows:
The distance from the camera on the actual road surface can be obtained by the above formula, as follows:
Usually, a pixel normalized contrast C < 0.05, that is, the pixel cannot be resolved by the human eye. Therefore, according to the results of the camera calibration, for all the pixels in the image contrast of C ≥ 0.05i, the distance between the camera and the camera can be calculated di. From the definition of visibility, the current value of the visibility V = max(di).
At night when there is no natural light of the light source, a luminous object is an ideal target visibility. The flow around the camera without self luminous body, the visible light source of the visible light source is from the reflected light between the moving vehicle lamp and the irradiated object. The middle of the highway guardrail as binocular object, on the one hand, the reflection coefficient and the scattering coefficient are in good agreement; on the other hand, it can eliminate the influence of the dark current and background stray light of the CCD digital camera system. The middle of the highway isolation fence as a target, establishes a numerical model of visual distance.
According to the law of Allard, the expression of visual distance at night is given:
The luminance threshold value is when the visibility distance is V and the intensity of the light source is I. Night visual distance affected by the flux density in the atmospheric attenuation. The above formula is being written as follows:
The visibility is calculated by the formula above.
It is obviously unrealistic to calculate the visibility of the above formula. It does not know about σ, and must be suitable for different lighting conditions. Therefore, the double object method is used to measure the visibility of the night [
Select the middle of the highway as a binocular reference standard, visibility calculation model. The distance from the camera namely is d1 and d2. Its settings are shown in
Assuming monitoring of the barrier imaging brightness is E1 and E2. According to the above two type can have a visible distance of the night:
ε is determined by the field experiment. In order to eliminate the recurrence relation, it is further simplified:
α is a multiplicative factor, can be obtained through a large amount of data information, d1 and d2 are obtained by measuring, E1 and E2 are obtained by calculating [
The pavement and the two sides are directly observed from the view point of video observation, and the selection of the same kind of object as the object is selected. In this
paper, the concept of binocular vision is introduced to minimize the influence of the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the brightness threshold, and dynamic monitoring of visual safe distance in the 200 meters of the highway is solved. The project can build the expressway visual distance extension prediction products based on 50 m, 100 m and 200 m visual distance forecasting methods, and establish the short-term forecast service products within 3 hours of the expressway to improve the quality of forecasting. After the completion, the project can be extended to neighboring provinces and cities.
Zhang, J.J., Liu, Y., Li, J.M. and Guan, Y.H. (2016) Research on Dynamic Monitoring Algorithm of Visual Safety Distance in Highway. Journal of Geo- science and Environment Protection, 4, 6- 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2016.411002