The aim of the study is to examine the technical and security conditions of state vessels traveling to Bushehr ports. This research is filled out through a 22-item questionnaire by 40 security and controlling officers of Bushehrvessels. The results of Kolmogrov-Smirinov test suggest that the data are normal and T-test has been used for questionnaire analysis. The findings indicate that failure in technical and security certificates, failure of qualification certificate, failure of machinery and electrical appliances, structural safety defects, failure of telecommunication equipment, failure of security in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional and metal vessels [1] . As well, above 500 tons vessels traveling to Bushehr waters (state vessels) have suitable conditions.
Control and inspection unit of vessels is responsible of inspecting internal and external vessels in its country’s ports in order to adapt vessels with international obligations adopted by instructions and regulations (IMO, 2013). One reason in forming vessels’ control and inspection unit is that some state vessels don’t observe global standards which consequently result in endangering the lives of seafarers and the environment [
Chaldavi (2012) examined the defects and solutions of increasing the security of non-convention vessels traveling to Imam Khomeini port. Training, monitoring, sovereignty and supporting in decreasing reported defects by control and inspection unit have higher importance, and to decreasing the accidents originated from structural defects, supporting, monitoring and training, and to decreasing the human accidents, training, sovereignty and monitoring have higher importance, respectively. Hashemi (2013) questioned some accidents in Iran maritime and state vessels in recent years such as accident of Iranian ship off the Chinese coasts and Kosha 1 and the quality of control and inspection centers, hence it is necessary to reinforcing and enhancing control and inspection centers. Based on his research, control and inspection officers of vessels are not consistent with standard national and international obligations and regulations such as apprenticeship, specialized courses and work independence [
Liu (2013) said that his goal about writing the article titled “Examining the obligations of vessels’ control and inspection in Southern China waters” is enhancing vessels’ control and inspection system in line with enhancing maritime environment of the region. The researcher defined three stages for this purpose: The first stage: definition of international obligations related to vessels’ control and inspection; the second stage: the experiences of China’s ports about preventing polluted vessels in China waters; the third stage: The experiences of European Union in control and inspecting of vessels.
Kujala & Hannien (2014) designed a relation and model based on the number and kind of defects and traffic amount of a region. The imported information of the model includes vessel’s age, kind, vessel’s flag, accident and its location reported by VTS.
Fan et al. (2014) stated that flag selection and vessels’ inspection center are the two important factor that are selected based on maritime policy. Estimation of foreign effective factors on flag selection and the amount of inspection of vessels’ control center are effective in determining suitable policy for improving maritime security [
Cariou & Wolff (2015) stated that the vessels that are not consistent with international regulations are the aim of vessels’ control and inspection centers. Although inspecting of vessels is costly, some inspections cannot show some defects. Therefore, the researchers of the research trying to find a pattern for identifying defects and kind of vessels [
Regarding to increased accidents in Bushehr ports, the following hypothesis is made:
・ There is a significant relation between suitable implementation and correspondent with international standards of vessels’ control and inspection in Bushehr ports, and improving and enhancing state vessels’ technical and security factors [
・ Vessels’ control and inspection officer: An expert and qualified person who perform technical and security inspection licensed by Ports & Maritime Organization and it is exclusively responsible about the organization (Ports and Maritime Organization, 2006).
・ Vessels’ control and inspection with Iran’s flag: vessels’ control and inspection with Iran’s flag in internal ports or other locations of the world’s water by the organization’s inspectors to ensuring about corresponding the condition of a vessel with related national and international obligations [
In this research, the security experts of Bushehr ports, the control and inspection experts and officers of Bushehr ports make the statistical population of the research (50 people). Regarding to the statistical population of the research (50 people), it is considered as the research’s sample.
Cronbach’s Alpha test is used to determine the reliability of the research. The result of this test is described in Tables 1-4.
In this research, 50 questionnaires was delivered to the research’s sample that 40 cases were returned to the researcher. Therefore, data analysis was done based on this 40 questionnaires [
The inferential method is used in this research because statistical indices are analyzed in it and its significant statistical difference is cleared. Therefore, it is determined that the research’s findings are valid, not accidental (Khaki, 2004). The inferential statistical tests are dependent on normality/abnormality of data. Regarding that the normality/abnormality of data are discussed in chapter 4, the normality of data is determined through T-test, and abnormality of data through Chi-square test. SPSS1 (version 21) software is used to analyze collected data. For all hypotheses of the research significant level is 0.05. Therefore, the confidence level of all hypotheses results is 95% [
Please see Tables 1-4.
Cronbach’s alpha | Number |
---|---|
0.79 | 40 |
Security unit officer | Vessels’ control and inspection expert | Watercraft’s control and inspection expert |
---|---|---|
9 | 23 | 8 |
Under 5 years | Among 5 to 10 years | More than 10 years |
---|---|---|
17 | 15 | 8 |
Under graduated | Bachelor | Master | PhD |
---|---|---|---|
7 | 15 | 7 | 1 |
Firstly, in this chapter, the results of Kolmogrov-Smirinov are stated to determine whether questionnaire data are normal/abnormal (
Regarding to the results of the test, it was determined that the test’s amount is between 2 and −2 and the amount of significant level is less than 0.05; therefore data are normal and the researcher must use parametric tests. Since the related data to the questionnaire is normal, the parametric tests (T test) are used in inferential tests [
H0: The defect of watercraft’s technical and security licenses in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of watercraft’s technical and security licenses in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
Question | Freedom degree | Kolmogrov-Smirinov | Significant level |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 39 | 0.845 | 0.000 |
2 | 39 | 0.712 | 0.000 |
3 | 39 | 0.679 | 0.001 |
4 | 39 | 0.605 | 0.000 |
5 | 39 | −0.419 | 0.000 |
6 | 39 | 0.455 | 0.000 |
7 | 39 | 0.773 | 0.000 |
8 | 39 | 0.661 | 0.000 |
9 | 39 | −0.690 | 0.000 |
10 | 39 | 0.550 | 0.000 |
11 | 39 | 0.711 | 0.000 |
12 | 39 | 0.846 | 0.000 |
13 | 39 | 0.846 | 0.000 |
14 | 39 | 0.612 | 0.000 |
15 | 39 | 0.952 | 0.000 |
16 | 39 | 0.514 | 0.002 |
17 | 39 | 0.711 | 0.000 |
18 | 39 | 0.811 | 0.000 |
19 | 39 | 0.943 | 0.032 |
20 | 39 | −0.363 | 0.000 |
21 | 39 | 0.586 | 0.000 |
22 | 39 | 0.139 | 0.000 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.78 | 3.58 | 3.68 | 0.001 | 39 | 3.65 |
H1 is confirmed, namely the defect of watercraft’s technical and security licenses in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
H0: The defect of qualification licenses in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of qualification licenses in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The failure of machinery and electrical appliances in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The failure of machinery and electrical appliances in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The structural safety defects in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The structural safety defects in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of load line in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of load line in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.45 | 3.25 | 3.30 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.35 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.06 | 2.98 | 3.04 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.02 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.48 | 3.28 | 3.36 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.35 |
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of security equipment and cases in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of security equipment and cases in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The failure of telecommunication equipment in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The failure of telecommunication equipment in under 500 tons motor boats and traditional watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of technical and security licenses in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of technical and security licenses in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.56 | 3.40 | 3.43 | 0.001 | 39 | 3.46 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.86 | 3.60 | 3.73 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.69 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.50 | 3.44 | 3.47 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.45 |
H0: The defect of qualification licenses in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of qualification licenses in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The failure of machinery and electrical appliances in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The failure of machinery and electrical appliances in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of load line in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of load line in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of security appliances and cases in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.40 | 3.26 | 3.33 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.39 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.66 | 3.49 | 3.58 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.57 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.68 | 3.56 | 3.64 | 0.003 | 39 | 3.61 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.96 | 3.84 | 3.80 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.86 |
H1: The defect of security appliances and cases in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of oil pollution and waste in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of oil pollution and waste in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect of telecommunication equipment in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is not significant.
H1: The defect of telecommunication equipment in under 500 tons metal motor boats and watercrafts is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect in SOLAS convention in under 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in SOLAS convention in under 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.92 | 3.63 | 3.76 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.79 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.22 | 2.96 | 3.13 | 0.000 | 39 | 3.12 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.76 | 3.65 | 3.68 | 0.023 | 39 | 3.71 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.30 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 0.066 | 39 | 2.15 |
H0: The defect in MARPOL convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in MARPOL convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect in LOAD LINE-66 convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in LOAD LINE-66 convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect in ISM CODE convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in ISM CODE convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect in ILO convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in ILO convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect in COLREG convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in COLREG convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
3.36 | 2.16 | 2.26 | 0.053 | 39 | 2.24 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.21 | 2.03 | 2.12 | 0.061 | 39 | 2.11 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.20 | 2.05 | 2.12 | 0.075 | 39 | 2.10 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.50 | 2.30 | 2.40 | 0.063 | 39 | 2.41 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.25 | 2.15 | 2.20 | 0.051 | 39 | 2.18 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.34 | 2.22 | 2.28 | 0.052 | 39 | 2.38 |
95% significant level | Mean difference | Significant level | Freedom degree | t-amount | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High degree | Low degree | ||||
2.50 | 2.20 | 2.35 | 0.051 | 39 | 2.30 |
H0: The defect in STCW convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in STCW convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
H0: The defect in BCH & IBC convention in over 500 tons vessels is not significant.
H1: The defect in BCH & IBC convention in over 500 tons vessels is significant.
The hypothesis test: As
The hypothesis among suitable implementation and along with international standards of vessels’ control and inspection in Bushehr’s ports and enhancing state vessels’ technical and security features has significant relation. So the following suggestions can be made:
1) Increasing man power in vessels’ control and inspection centers.
2) Establishing organizational chart for vessels’ control and inspection unit.
3) Improving the condition of control and inspection equipment and their low quality.
4) Creating a suitable motivational system for vessels’ control and inspection officers.
5) Mismatching the number of educational courses.
6) Legal problems of contract staffs.
It is recommended to other researchers:
1) To examine the performance condition of the vessels’ control and inspection officers in Bushehr.
2) To examine the effective factors on the performance of the vessels’ control and inspection officers in Bushehr.
3) To examine the risks and hazards the vessels’ control and inspection officers faced with during inspecting vessels.
4) The given trainings to the vessels’ control and inspection officers of Bushehr should be studied.
Danial Hayati Zadeh,Behrooz Amraie,Gholamreza Delbar, (2016) Examining the Condition of Controlling and Inspecting State Vessels (in Terms of Technical and Security Factors) Traveling to Bushehr Ports and Providing Suitable Solutions. Open Journal of Marine Science,06,247-257. doi: 10.4236/ojms.2016.62020