Our investigations indicate that Wuqinxi in Singapore has now been studied and is mainly promoted through performing exercises, exchanges and competition. The Singapore government has regarded for Qigong for many years, and thus helps Chinese Wuqinxi developed a successful foundation in Singapore. Besides, this research promptes that the Wuqinxi practitioners are mostly women who are around the age of 20 - 40 and their occupations are mainly workman, civil servants and self-employment. Most of them learn Wuqinxi through Wuqinxi exercises classes or in the Wushu clubs. In Singapore, people improve their health through learning and practice Wuqinxi which cater the demand for municipal and have been promoted and advocated by levels of government departments. It is encouraging that the data indicate that 75.7% of the Wuqinxi practitioners practice 1 - 3 times per week. The data seem to indicate that China Wu-qinxi will well developed in Singapore. However, The main obstacles affecting the promotion of Wuqinxi in Singapore are the lack of professional action coaches and theoretical education of sports action.
Since the General Administration of Sport of China established the Qigong Administration Centre on 30th April, 2015, it helped the Qigong to expand further internationally [
Wuqinxi is a set of nation-typical Qigong, made by great physician Huatuo in Donghan Dynasty. According to the ancient “Daoyin” and “Tuna” (Ancient breathing exercise of Taoism), Huatuo carefully observed the activity characters of tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird 5 animals, and composed the set of actions integrated with the combination of human body functions, and the biological clock [
Qigong, a diverse exercise, has been launched as the 62th Sport in China by the Chinese General Administration of Sport, which is simple, soft and relax, and the playing space are not restrictive [
Through studying the theses of CNKI, WANFANG, VIP and other large periodical databases, and collecting all the data and information of Qigong since the year of 2000, it offers the theoretical basis for the aim of this report.
The studies were taken by using phone calling and face-to-face interviews relating to the concept and the purpose of this report, which helps to create the questionnaire in this paper. Through interviews with the Qigong promotion organisation managers and coaches, it significantly provided some professional information and suggestions about the project of Qigong promotion in Singapore, including different types and forms of the project, as well as the event venues. In addition, the interviews also help people to understand the current situation of Qigong promotion in Singapore.
The questionnaire was made during the annual exchange in Singapore and provided as a supplement in the end of the manuscript, the mainly contents include interviewees information, expertise-understanding of Wuqinxi, learning and practicing situations, health recovery etc. And finished by partners and students, 500 questionnaires have been handed out. However, there are only 94.6% of the total 500 questionnaires received in succession. Excluding 16 invalid questionnaires, there is a 96.6% of effective rate which indicates that the success of the questionnaire workout. Before the beginning of the investigation, the contents’ validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by 9 traditional sports experts who serve on higher institute of physical education colleges for more than 10 years. Furthermore the reliability analysis of the questionnaire data obtained in this study was analysed by SPSS 17.0 and showed the Cologne Bach α reliability coefficient is 0.697.
Respondents in this investigation, shall be held in Singapore identity-card or proof of their long-term stay. Evenly distributed gender is one of the scientific designs in this study, and an effective respondent is including 59.1% females and 40.9% males. The age distribution of the practitioners has been showed in following
Collection of literatures collated and analysed firstly and the investigation results of the survey statistics processed by software including Excel, SPSS17.0. The survey data were collected and analysed with Excel 2007, and related statistical analyses in this paper were operated with the SPSS 17.0 including the Cologne Bach α, ANOVA, T-test etc.
According to the
As shown in
Mode | Speech | Class | Performance/Communion | Contest | Media Publicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of people | 40 | 51 | 225 | 114 | 27 |
Rate (%) | 8.8 | 11.2 | 49.2 | 24.9 | 5.9 |
Occupation | Student | Public servant | Workman | Self-employment | Retiree | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 61 | 116 | 146 | 104 | 12 | 18 |
Rate (%) | 12.2 | 23.2 | 29.2 | 20.8 | 2.4 | 3.6 |
As shown in
The Data of
Training classes are the main approach to Singaporeans to learn Wuqinxi. Wherein, the degree of specialization coaches have directly impacted and sustainability constrained the Qigong in Singapore. A comprehensive improvement including specialized technical movements and theoretical knowledge of Qigong was trained in 2013, Singapore has trained the opening ceremony, which provides and developed a good coaching specialization. Therefore, we thought that the coaches training classes improved the Wuqinxi promotion development and increased the popularity of Qigong in Singapore. Through the Wuqinxi poses’ presentation of coaches, theoretical knowledge explaining and repeat demonstration of key exercise, students can effectively gain the knowledge of Qigong. In the process coaches’ specialization also has been improved, which is advantage to Singapore Qigong practitioners services and would promote the health Qigong in Singapore indirectly.
Better understanding | Understanding | General understanding | Few understanding | Not understanding | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 46 | 104 | 202 | 85 | 20 |
Rate (%) | 10.1 | 22.8 | 44.2 | 18.6 | 4.4 |
Channel | Square | Courses | Unit | Kisfolk and friends | Compact disk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 34 | 229 | 47 | 128 | 20 |
Rate (%) | 7.4 | 50.1 | 10.3 | 28 | 4.4 |
Wuqinxi as a martial arts class sport, which naturally includes sport basic attributes that enhance physical fitness, improve their health, and this is also the essence of Wuqinxi. However as the
The data in
In the internationalization process of Qigong Wuqinxi, we have attempted to attract more Wuqinxi practiser through the efforts of practitioners and the important approach was participating in active Qigong exercise in the past. Besides, we also expected the propagation of our Chinese culture can promote the development of Qigong Wuqinxi. However, current survey data have not yet been reported to indicate the satisfaction of Wuqinxi practitioners. So in this paper the survey results showed that promotion of Health Qigong Wuqinxiin Singapore have basically meted the needs of practitioners as shown in
Purpose | Fitness | Make more friends | Entertainment | Following kisflok and friends | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 248 | 76 | 63 | 44 | 25 |
Rate (%) | 54.2 | 16.7 | 13.9 | 9.7 | 5.6 |
Times/week | 1 to 2 times | 2 to 3 times | 3 to 4 times | 4 to 5 times | 5 or more |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 194 | 152 | 55 | 35 | 21 |
Rate (%) | 42.4 | 33.3 | 12.1 | 7.6 | 4.5 |
Very satisfied | satisfied | General | Dissatisfied | Very dissatisfied | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 85 | 52 | 163 | 137 | 20 |
Rate (%) | 18.6 | 11.4 | 35.7 | 30 | 4.3 |
living standards, practitioners choose fitness exercises for their daily plan is constantly changing. Therefore, Qigong in international communication process should be based on the individual needs of practitioners in different seasons, different weather conditions, and different venues.
As shown in
The frequent trade of China and Singapore is the cornerstone to development of Qigong, since Singapore is a smaller island, many resources need to be imported, China is one of the major importing countries for Singapore, of course, also included many industrial products to be imported, China has more than 5200 companies have investments in Singapore. Although sometimes not friendly relationship between Singapore and China, but the political and economic exchanges have been very frequent, so the frequent contact is the cultural communication foundation. In this exchange process, more than 100 million people in and out of Singapore per year. All levels of Chinese government sent numerousmartial arts delegations to Singapore in the past 30 years.
Singapore is a multi-ethnic country, mainly including Han Chinese, Indian, Malay, Eurasian family etc. Wherein, the Han Chinese is more than 89% of the total population and nearly 50 million people are the overwhelming majority of Chinese and Chinese descendants, and almost all these Han Chinese came from Fujian and Chaozhou, Cantonese, Hakka. Moreover, Singaporeans itself, most of them have Chinese people’s blood, so Chinese culture is also an important part of Singapore traditional culture. Beside, Singapore’s official language is Chinese, which also contributed with a great extent for Chinese Wushu, especially for the dissemination and development of Qigong Wuqinxi in Singapore.
There are so many forms of gymnastically qigong in China including Tai-chi, Wuqinxi, Wing Chun, Yi Jin Jing and so on [
Evaluation | Very good | Good | General | Bad | Very bad |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 142 | 192 | 81 | 31 | 11 |
Rate (%) | 31.1 | 42.0 | 17.7 | 6.8 | 2.4 |
Qigong Wuqinxi has been concerned by all levels of governments in Singapore, which is the mainly foundation for the promotion of Qigong Wuqinxi in Singapore. The main form of promotion of the Wuqinxiin Singapore is performing exercises, exchange and competition. But Singaporeans have been proved lacking of the overall Wuqinxi theoretical knowledge for fitness and learning media of theoretical knowledge of Qigong is relatively narrow; our investigations showed that they obtained their mainly fitness theoretical and Chinese culture through the new media. Our research suggests that Wuqinxi training institutions is looking forward to a further improvement; and Wuqinxi should be teaching combined to traditional martial arts just like the Tai Chi; Enhanced Wuqinxi teaching staff construction, increased the intensity of training theoretical knowledge of Wuqinxi, scientific media campaigns are also important to Wuqinxi in Singapore.
The authors would like to thank the contract grant sponsors of Education Department, Anhui Province, China. Humanities and social sciences research: SK2014A284 and Sports Social Science Research of Anhui Province ASS2016207.
Bin Zhang,Lei Ru,Hong Lin,Jie Liang,Chichou Lao,Daiyin Peng,Chunsong Cheng, (2016) Dissemination and Development of Wuqinxi in Singapore. Open Journal of Social Sciences,04,264-271. doi: 10.4236/jss.2016.43033