The demand of grape in Bangladesh is fulfilled through import from foreign countries. The fruits of local cultivars of grapes are sour and seeded. Development of seedless grape varieties having increased sweetness, higher yield with better nutritional quality is necessary to reduce the import dependency. The present research activities are the part of a grape improvement project. A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during June to November 2011 to determine the suitable gamma irradiation doses on growth, leaf area and biochemical characters of grape saplings. Three vegetative bud stages viz. bud initiation stage, 4-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage, and four doses of gamma irradiation viz. 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy were used as treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Different irradiation doses and vegetative bud stages showed significant variations in respect of plant growth characters, leaf area, soluble protein and total sugar content. Interaction effects also had significant variations on most of the parameters studied. Higher doses of gamma irradiation had showed detrimental effect on grape saplings. Generally, increased in irradiation doses showed decreased and detrimental effects on most of the parameters under study. Maximum numbers and length of roots, total dry matter, leaf area and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content were found at 5 Gy irradiation dose. Total soluble protein and sugar content of leaf were found maximum at no irradiation and 15 Gy, respectively. Higher number of roots and length, total dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll-a, and b and soluble protein content of leaf were observed at bud initiation stage while 8-leaf stage showed maximum total sugar of leaf. In the combined effect of gamma irradiation and vegetative bud stages, all parameters showed best results in 5 Gy with bud initiation stage except total sugar content of leaf.
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) belongs to the family Vitaceae distributed widely all over the world [
The experiment was conducted out at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, (24'75N latitude and 90'50E longitude). The average air temperature was recorded 27˚C and the soil temperature at a average depth of 10 cm was about 28˚C. The average relative humidity was about 84 percent. The soil belongs to the Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain (AEZ-9) under Sonatola Series with soil pH 5.1 to 5.6 [
A marked variation was observed in the number of roots plant−1 due to the influence of different levels of gamma irradiation (
A significant variation in length of root plant−1 was observed due to the influence of different gamma irradiation doses (
The root length was highly significant in respect of vegetative bud stages (
A highly significant variation in total dry matter plant−1 was found in respect of different gamma irradiation doses (
A highly significant variation in leaf area plant−1 was observed due to the influence of different gamma irradia-
Gamma irradiation | No. of roots plant−1 | Root length plant−1 (cm) | Dry weight of shoot plant−1 (g) | Dry weight of root plant−1 (g) | Total dry matter plant−1 (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G0 G1 G2 G3 | 13.0c 17.2a 15.8b 12.0d | 13.7c 15.1a 14.4b 12.3d | 4.4b 4.6a 4.5ab 3.8c | 0.46d 0.58a 0.55b 0.47c | 4.8b 5.2a 5.0ab 4.3c |
Stage of vegetative bud | No. of roots plant−1 | Root length plant−1 (cm) | Dry weight of shoot plant−1 (g) | Dry weight of roots plant−1 (g) | Total dry matter plant−1 (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 S2 S3 | 15.6a 14.4b 12.5c | 15.4a 13.9b 12.3c | 4.7a 4.2b 4.0c | 0.60a 0.50b 0.45c | 5.3a 4.7b 4.4c |
Gamma irradiation × stage of vegetative bud | No. of roots plant−1 | Root length plant−1 (cm) | Dry weight of shoot plant−1 (g) | Dry weight of roots plant−1 (g) | Total dry matter plant−1 (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G0S1 G0S2 G0S3 | 14.7d 12.0f 12.3ef | 15.3a 13.7b 12.2bc | 4.7a 4.3ab 4.1ab | 0.48bc 0.55ab 0.46ba | 5.2a 4.8ab 4.5ab |
G1S1 G1S2 G1S3 | 19.0a 17.7b 15.0cd | 16.5a 15.0ab 13.7b | 4.9a 4.6a 4.3ab | 0.67a 0.55ab 0.51b | 5.6a 5.1a 4.8ab |
G2S1 G2S2 G2S3 | 18.0ab 16.0c 13.3e | 16.0a 14.0b 13.2bc | 4.8a 4.5a 4.2ab | 0.63a 0.52b 0.51b | 5.4a 5.0a 4.7ab |
G3S1 G3S2 G3S3 | 14.7d 12.0f 9.3g | 13.7b 13.0bc 10.3c | 4.6a 3.4b 3.3b | 0.47bc 0.40c 0.41c | 5.1a 3.9b 3.8b |
tion doses at different days after irradiation (DAI) (
Gamma irradiation | Leaf area (cm2) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 DAI | 45 DAI | 60 DAI | 75 DAI | 90 DAI | 105 DAI | |
G0 G1 G2 G3 | 121.9c 151.1a 139.1b 100.2d | 140.0c 172.7a 153.0b 107.7d | 149.3c 186.7a 166.6b 119.9d | 161.1c 202.1a 178.4b 127.3d | 165.9c 214.4a 185.3b 130.6d | 170.2c 221.7a 195.8b 138.8d |
Stages of vegetative bud | Leaf area (cm2) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 DAI | 45 DAI | 60 DAI | 75 DAI | 90 DAI | 105 DAI | |
S1 S2 S3 | 137.0a 128.6b 118.7c | 150.3a 143.4b 136.4c | 162.8a 156.4b 147.7c | 175.4a 167.9b 158.4c | 183.5a 172.7b 165.9c | 193.4a 180.2b 171.3c |
Gamma irradiation × stage of vegetative bud | Leaf area (cm2) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 DAI | 45 DAI | 60 DAI | 75 DAI | 90 DAI | 105 DAI | |
G0S1 G0S2 G0S3 | 130.4e 125.3e 110.2f | 145.3f 141.3g 133.4h | 155.4ef 151.4f 141.2g | 166.4ef 161.8f 155.2g | 172.8ef 165.7fg 159.3g | 180.7e 167.7f 162.2f |
G1S1 G1S2 G1S3 | 165.8a 148.2b 139.2d | 180.2a 172.2b 165.7c | 195.3a 186.2b 178.7c | 212.7a 202.9b 190.8c | 225.5a 212.8b 205.1bc | 232.2a 220.1b 212.3bc |
G2S1 G2S2 G2S3 | 146.3bc 140.8cd 130.4e | 160.4d 152.4e 146.3f | 174.8c 166.4d 158.7e | 188.7e 179.4d 167.3e | 198.4c 182.3d 175.2de | 210.4c 196.7d 180.3e |
G3S1 G3S2 G3S3 | 105.4fg 100.2gh 95.18a | 105.3i 107.8j 100.2k | 125.8h 121.7h 112.2i | 133.9h 127.7i 120.3j | 137.4h 130.2hi 124.3i | 149.8g 136.3h 130.3h |
cm2) was observed in S1 while the minimum plant−1 (158.4 cm2) was observed in S3. At 90 DAI, the maximum leaf area plant−1 (183.5 cm2) was observed in S1 while the minimum plant−1 (165.9 cm2) was observed in S3. At 105 DAI, the maximum leaf area plant−1 (193.4 cm2) was observed in S1 while the minimum plant−1 (171.3 cm2) was observed in S3 (
A highly significant variation was found in leaf area plant−1 at different DAIs due to interaction effect of different gamma irradiation doses and different vegetative bud stages (
cm2) was found in the treatment combination of G1S1 which was statistically different from others. The minimum leaf area plant−1 (124.3 cm2) was found in G3S3 followed by G3S2. At 105 DAI, the maximum leaf area plant−1 (232.8 cm2) was found in the treatment combination of G1S1 which was statistically different from others. The minimum leaf area plant−1 (130.3 cm2) was found in G3S3 followed by G3S2 (
There was no variation in chlorophyll content found due to different gamma irradiation doses (
Gamma irradiation | Chlorophyll of leaf (mg∙g−1) | Soluble protein of leaf (mg∙g−1) | Total sugar of leaf (mg∙g−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | Total (a + b) | |||
G0 G1 G2 G3 | 0.64a 0.66a 0.65a 0.63a | 0.23a 0.24a 0.23a 0.23a | 0.87a 0.90a 0.88a 0.86a | 1.64a 1.62a 1.63a 1.60a | 41.7b 34.7c 42.3b 45.4a |
Stage of vegetative bud | Chlorophyll of leaf (mg∙g−1) | Soluble protein of leaf (mg∙g−1) | Total sugar of leaf (mg∙g−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | Total (a + b) | |||
S1 S2 S3 | 0.67a 0.64ab 0.63b | 0.24a 0.24a 0.22b | 0.91a 0.88a 0.85b | 1.64a 1.60b 1.63ab | 39.8b 36.6c 46.8a |
Gamma irradiation × stage of vegetative bud | Chlorophyll of leaf (mg∙g−1) | Soluble protein of leaf (mg∙g−1) | Total sugar of leaf (mg∙g−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | Total (a + b) | |||
G0S1 G0S2 G0S3 | 0.66ab 0.65b 0.62b | 0.24a 0.24a 0.23a | 0.90a 0.89abc 0.85bc | 1.64ab 1.62bc 1.64ab | 44.7b 30.1f 45.7b |
G1S1 G1S2 G1S3 | 0.68a 0.65ab 0.64ab | 0.24a 0.24a 0.23a | 0.92a 0.89abc 0.87abc | 1.65a 1.55c 1.65a | 32.2f 30.3f 41.6cd |
G2S1 G2S2 G2S3 | 0.66ab 0.65ab 0.63ab | 0.24a 0.24a 0.23a | 0.90ab 0.89ab 0.87abc | 1.65a 1.64ab 1.61bc | 38.2e 39.2de 46.6b |
G3S1 G3S2 G3S3 | 0.68a 0.61ab 0.61ab | 0.24a 0.24a 0.23a | 0.92abc 0.85bc 0.84c | 1.61bc 1.60bc 1.60bc | 43.9bc 49.5a 50.2a |
Soluble protein of leaf was recorded at 105 DAI. A highly significant variation on soluble protein content was found in respect of different gamma irradiation doses (
A highly significant variation of total sugar of leaf was found in respect of gamma irradiation (
It was evident from the results that higher doses had detrimental effect on the plant morphological and biochemical parameters. Among the irradiation doses, 5 Gy showed better morphological parameters in M1 generation, however, it is difficult to say at this stage which dose and stage will show maximum mutability. In M2 generation, the expression of mutagenicity will be observed. So, the research works done will push a step forward for further observation and selection of most desirable mutant in M2 and the following generations.