With increasing of serious environment problems and the coming of the aging society, new traffic systems should be urgently rebuilt. It is necessary to evaluate the traffic service level by utilizing new technique and tool. This paper takes Kitakyushu city as case study to carry out an evaluation of urban traffic system. The concept of accessibility and mobility is used to evaluate the present condition of existing public traffic system based on GIS technology, and then establishment of new route is discussed according to the evaluation results. Additionally, this paper established GIS database and illustrated the relationship between the public traffic and population density. The regions without enough existing traffic were identified. Moreover, the essential terms and considerations were put forward to simulate a new route of public traffic line.
Advanced urban traffic system needs to be adjusted due to urgent demand of national/city’s government. Therefore, it is important for urban traffic management department to put forward an improvement measure. Meanwhile, with increasing of serious environment problems (energy circumstances and urban traffic) and the coming of the aging society, new traffic systems should be urgently rebuilt. Moreover, the urban traffic plan needs to be further examined. So, it is necessary to evaluate the traffic service level by utilizing new technique and tool.
There are many researches with the traffic system. Thong [
This paper takes Kitakyushu city as a case study to carry out an evaluation of urban traffic system. The concept of accessibility and mobility is used to evaluate the present condition of existing public traffic system based on GIS spatial technology, and then establishment of new urban traffic route is discussed according to the evaluation results. Then, the paper establishes the region item and discusses new routes and their profit.
Kitakyushu (33˚52'N, 130˚49'E) locates in Fukuoka prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Its total area is 486.81 km2, population is 976,800 in 2013 [
Firstly, this study extracts blank and inconvenient areas of public traffic service in Kitakyushu as research ob- jectives on the basis of GIS database.
Secondly, operating route and attained profit in these areas are evaluated.
Finally, feasibility of the new public traffic system is discussed according to the evaluation results.
Case analysis flows based on GIS technology are seen in
The cases area assumed as follow to evaluate the traffic blank area:
The inconvenient where operation new route to the bus stop is lower than 1 are extracted. The street where one-way lines are lower than 16 from am 6 to pm 10 is considered. Seen from
creases according to the extraction data (500, 300 and 200 m away from bus stop). According to investigation
results, population without access to traffic will increase with the distance away from bus stop.
According to the extracted elementary school, this paper selects some school areas where there are more than 2000 people and more than 500 elders as research objectives, and then neighborhoods with 1 km radius around the research objective are considered as the same areas to carry out case studies. The case studies contain CASE2 and CASE5. The number of the extraction was as follows: CASE2: 26 districts (
At present, bus users are inclined to decreasing. There are two reasons, on the one hand, traffic jam of the highway becomes more and more serious because of the concentration of the increasing cars; on the other hand, timing system of bus is bad. Meanwhile, there are many residents in the suburbs area. However, development balance of public bus is not adjusted, which result in that buses do not pass through the suburbs area. Until now, there aren’t bus routes in the many places. Therefore, it is necessary to set up the community bus routes in the inconvenient area of public traffic. The system with short distance, small quantity, frequent transportation and the circulation type should be firstly discussed to offer comfortable mobility for every people in the narrow roads of the public transport blank (inconvenient) area (
It is easy to go to the urban center by operating the route linking with busy streets, the main facilities and the traffic blank zones. In addition, circulation bus of the one way will be operated; it only takes 30 - 60 minutes to run a round. So the number of bus should be increased. Since the larger route bus doesn’t pass the narrow road of the residential area, if minibus is applied, the bus stops become nearer.
If the mobility of the public blank (inconvenience) area is improved, communication of local people will be activated; community will be brought up; increasing of elder’s outgoing opportunities will be promoted; activa- tion of the social participation will be supported. It is anticipated to improve the access to central town and to activate the people’s communication. Importantly, the system will help the urban traffic away from seriously
depending on the private cars.
There are many irregular areas and ramps in the suburb; on the other hand, streets in the resident area are adjusted in the process of management. The jamming in some parts of arterial streets will make it difficult for bus to run on the dot. Even in the central area, landform and street structure still limit the convenience of traffic. Due to the willing of traveling, the amount of traveling elders has been increasing. Among the traffic ways, walking and taking bus occupy a large percent, especially, bus is usually applied in everyday life. However, some complaints are arisen against the problems when taking bus, for example, climbing up and down, receiving the message, distance to the station, bus intermediate, noisy and services.
The target people of the system are those elders who reside in the traffic-lagging areas. They use the bus in many occasions of everyday life, such as, shopping, going to hospital, and so on. The system covers the traffic- lagging areas, areas with high elder percent and central town. The route will be regulated to single-direction circulation through the narrow streets in the period of 30 - 60 minutes. The system will provide the people with amenity and mobility; moreover, some valuable suggestions will be zealously discussed and be introduced into the system. The distance of two bus stations is set to 200 m; additionally, waiting places are constructed under the considerations of accumulating snow. Especially, the existing establishment will be neatly made the best use.
Here about the calculation of the profit.
We assumed enterprise (investment) cost as Centerprise and the value of enterprise cost based on the data from the bus company.
We estimated the number of users P for the target area according to the population and age by
P = population of area × ap (person)
Here, ap = the use rate of people at the kind of age (based on the data from the bus company).
The income of the bus area Cgain can be predicted by
Here g is the income for one bus line including financial aid and advertisement support (JPY/Person).
If the income of the bus area Cgain is larger than the Centerprise, the project gets the profit and we say this line is “OK”, otherwise we say the line is “OUT”.
All the simulation was calculated in the GIS platform.
Service time: 5 days one week, 8 hours one day, 250 days one year. Eight percent of elders (older than 65 ages) of target area will use the new traffic service, according to the data statistic of Bus Company.
Charge of standard service: 23,400 Yen; Charge of subvention: 20,500 Yen; Charge of advertisement sponsorship: 20,100 - 16,500 Yen. According to the assumed conditions, profit of the new route in 2015 is simulated based on GIS technology (
In this paper, we try to present a method to verify the traffic blank and inconvenient area in Kitakyushu city.
The six cases were selected to evaluate the traffic system. Based on the data of registered permanent residence, timetables of railway and road, urban management information of Kitakyushu, this study established the GIS database and illustrated the relationship between the public traffic departments and population divisions. Addi- tionally, the regions without enough existing traffic establishments were identified. Moreover, the essential terms and considerations were put forward to simulate the verifying methods for new routes of public traffic
2015 | Running hour 8/week 5 days | Standard case | Financial aid case | Advertisement support case | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Element school name | 250 days | 100,000 | 200,000 | 300,000 | 400,000 | 500,000 | 600,000 | 700,000 | 800,000 | 900,000 | 1,000,000 | ||
200JPY | 23,400 | 20,500 | 20,100 | 19,700 | 19,300 | 18,900 | 18,500 | 18,100 | 17,700 | 17,300 | 16,900 | 16,500 | ||
1 | Ibori | 52,614 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
2 | Nakai | 27,408 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
3 | Izumidai | 27,958 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
4 | Minamigoka | 20,551 | OUT | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
5 | Tomino | 19,133 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
6 | Kuzuhara | 31,365 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
7 | Yukawa | 24,528 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
8 | Kikugaoka | 30,602 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
9 | Sone | 34,461 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
10 | Makiyama | 56,668 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
11 | Ookura | 29,034 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
12 | Iwaimachi | 15,621 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT |
13 | Kurohata | 21,750 | OUT | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
14 | Kamikojyaku | 48,012 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
15 | Chiyo | 43,034 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
16 | Hanao | 24,806 | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
17 | Touno | 17,705 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OK | OK | OK | OK |
18 | Sarakura | 4,660 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT |
19 | Katsuki | 15,467 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT |
20 | Matsugaoka | 8522 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT |
21 | Hagigaoka | 18,442 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
22 | Fukamachi | 19,804 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK | OK |
departments. However, recently price of fuels has remarkably increased, which led to the considerations again and again on arranging the outlay. We selected 22 areas to predict the profit by introducing a new bus line and gave a judgment to establish a new bus line.
In the future, we will add some GIS databases concerning about the buildings and circulating destinations, and will investigate the relations among these data; meanwhile, it is necessary to emphasize the influencing factors in the research method of new routes.
This research was based on data from the project of Kitakyushu Transportation Bureau. We would like to ex- press our thanks to Kitakyushu city.