The interaction between human and physical devices and devices in the real world is gaining more attention, and requires a natural and intuitive methodology to employ. According to this idea and living well, life has been a growing demand. Thus, how to raise pets in an easy way has been the main issue recently. This study examines the ability of computation, communication, and control technologies to improve human interaction with pets by the technology of the Internet of Things. This work addresses the improvement through the pet application of the ability of location-awareness, and to help the pet owners raise their pet on the activity and eating control easily. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that our proposed system performs significantly help on the kidney disease and reduce the symptoms. Our study not only presents the key improvement of the pet monitor system involved in the ideas of the Internet of Things, but also meets the demands of pet owners, who are out for works without any trouble.
Over the past half century, computers have exponentially increased in processing power and simultaneously decreased in both size and price. This rapid change indicates that computers participate in more daily activities in society. Computers are becoming smaller and cheaper, and the single-purpose computers with embedded sensors are practical from both economical and theoretical viewpoints. Wireless sensor networks have attracted increasing attention and play a vital role in connecting everything in our lives.
Today users are more and more immersed into a complex ubiquitous information. To capture handy information, make use of context information and interact directly with the physical object is the main request in our modern world with the mobile client. That’s the main issue of the internet of things (IoT). The IoT provides a set of standards and methodologies to associate object in the real world. There are several approaches for the provision of applications that make such interactions as possible [1,2]. In 2000, the term IoT appears to have been coined by a member of the RFID developer, who referred as the discovering tag information corresponds to a particular RFID. Since that time, people have sized on the phrase “Internet of Things” to refer as the general connection of things, especially to those objects, that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and controllable via the Internet [
WSNs consist of a large number of unattended, selforganized microsensors, which are scattered in an area for a specific application. Each microsensor senses data from the environment, performs simple computations, and transmits the data over a wireless medium either directly to the command center or through a cluster gateway. Although WSNs are similar to networks, they differ from networks for their energy constraints, markedly larger density of sensor nodes, lower cost, and precise design for information-gathering [
Because of the low birth rate in Taiwan, researchers should focus more on the rapid changes in lifestyle. Some studies indicate that when people go to a park on the weekend, more of them are walking dogs than carrying babies. According to a June 2006 report from Pet Care Services in the United States, America’s pet care service generated approximately 363 million USD in revenue in 2005. The annual growth rate of this service should reach 6% in the future [
This study attempts to improve pet appliances with the ability of location-awareness, and to help pet owners raise their pets easily. Although numerous automatic pet monitoring systems exist, such as automatic pet doors and pet feeders, these systems cannot meet the needs of pet owners. For example, most pet care systems are based on infrared detector/recognition, which can be used to spot pets at the door, register their movements, and alert owners when pets enter areas where they are not allowed. This infrared detector design has some disadvantages because infrared detectors can be influenced easily by various factors. The detection cannot be correctly recognized. According to the author’s previous study, own has built a prototype of the pet system with the cyber-physical-system idea [
Accordingly, the organization of this paper is as follows. A brief review of pet products and WSN platforms are given in Section 2. The proposed system modeling is presented in Section 3 while the experiment and analysisare discussed in Section 4. Finally, the conclusion is presented in Section 5.
As Taiwanese society continues to have a low birth rate and an aging population, increasingly more people regard their pets as family members. This trend is reflected in pet-related products and activities. For example, some pet owners have started bringing their pets with them while traveling. A report from the 2010 Asia Pacific Pet Economic Conference mentioned that the pet industry has grown considerably in recent years [
Pet doors are one of the most common products in the market, and various types of pet doors are available for cats and dogs. Pet doors can be fitted in a lower portion of a wall or an existing full-sized door. A pet door may consist simply of a flap hung from a horizontal axis. This flap swings open, against the force of gravity, when pushed by an animal. A simple latch may hold the door in a closed position to prevent the movement of the door in either direction. The problem with this simple construction is that any animal small enough to fit through the opening may gain entry or egress, depending on the position of the latch. To prevent passage of unwanted stray animals, electronic pet doors have been designed with magnetically operable latches. In this type of design, any magnetic tag of adequate field strength can unlock the latch.
Pets face many of the same problems as humans, such as obesity, diabetes, and stomach problems. Automated feeding machines can provide for the care of such pets. Several automated pet feeders on the market are capable of dispensing kibbles, and some are capable of feeding canned food. Feeding kibbles prevent food spoilage, whereas feeding canned food does. Canned food cannot be left in a device for prolonged periods because it spoils. Besides, pets also tend to be restless when owners are not at home, and they become hyperactive when owners return. It is occasionally necessary for pet owners to reinforce pet behavior by providing food for certain behaviors they may want the pet to perform. Automated feeding machines is just invented for pet owners demand.
There are many automatic pet feeders for feeding pets at predetermined times during an owner’s absence. This type of pet feeder comprises a base, a feeding bowl with pie-shaped divisions, a timer module, a bowl cover, and a locking mechanism to hold the entire unit in place. The timer provides programmed feeding schedules that determine the time the bowl cover closes or opens. This programming can be achieved through the timer interface or RF and IR remote controllers.
The “things” in the IoT not only be referred as “connected together”, but also can be realized the functions of recognition, localization, tracing, management and so on. IoT requires all things must can be identified. Generally, the RFID technology is the “speaking technology” for these things on IoT. The RFID technology possessed an outstanding status in the IoT technology. A typical RFID system consists of RFID tag, reader and the application. An agreement from code data preserved in the RFID tag, it can mark objects uniquely. However, without the battery support, the serious disadvantage is the short communication distance of the passive HF RFID tag. Thus, in our study, for the purpose to extend the communication distance, we used the sensor network tags for instead.
To describe the IoT with a technical perspective, the relative study derived the IoT with three parts in the 2011 [
The Second part is the infrastructure or the network layer. This layer consists of converged network formed by all kinds of communication network and internet. It has been widely accepted that this part is the maturest part. Besides, the IoT management center and information center are the parts of network layer. That is, the network layer not only has the ability of network operation, but also should improve the ability of information operation. Besides, with millions of devices connected to the Internet, 3G or LTE technology won’t be able to work with. Although the 3G business is growing, the capacity of the mobile networks is acting as a bottleneck. Hence, to take advantage of these opportunities, the WSNs must be open to the wider public.
The third and last part consists of the applications and services that use the vast quantity of information created by the IoT, it’s the application layer. The application layer combined with industry expertise to achieve a broad set of intelligent application solutions. This applications also involve creating new business models and very interesting business initiatives in terms of innovation. The main purpose of the IoT application layer is to provide the information services, and it mainly consisted of three parts, IoT client side, data storage module and data inquiry module.
In our study, we follow the IoT architecture to construct our pet monitor system. The hardware of the first part is based on the WSNs. These sensor nodes are varying in size and depend on the size because different sizes of sensor nodes work efficiently in different fields. In the present era, there are many technologies which use for monitoring are completely based on the wireless sensor networking. Some of the important applications are environmental monitoring, traffic control application, weather checking, and regularity checking of temperature [
Besides, the system infrastructure of the second part is designed to meet the needs of the pet owner. General speaking, home is small and pet sets are messy, WSN is the best choice to build the network structure. Thus, the system is open to the wider public; the pet owner can connect to the gateway at home to control/schedule the pet activity. Furthermore, in the final part, our system supports the following services, the first one is the smart pet door, the pet owner can restrict the pet activity from the outdoor to indoor. The second service is the smart pet feeder, with this system help, the pet owner can schedule the open time of the eating bowl remotely. Thus, the pet can eat food on the health and efficiency control.
In our study, the first device of the pet monitor system is the smart pet door, which can help the pet owner to con-
trol the pet activity. The other device is the smart pet feeder. With the system help, the pet owner can schedule the pet eating bowl time remotely, and make the eating environment on the health and efficiency control.
Many families install a pet door for their pets. Pet doors are adapted to be fitted in the lower portion of a wall or existing full-sized door. Pet doors allow family pets to pass the door easily.
In (1), n is signal propagation constant or exponent, d is the distance from sender and A is the received signal strength at 1 meter distance [
In this study, the proposed system is based on the fol
lowing rules:
• The pet tag broadcasts the pet ID for every 20 seconds continuously.
• An item identification can detect the animal seeking passage through the pet door. Because the node of WSN is the active tag, the sensing range is about from 1 m to 2 m. The pet door will unlock when the activity list is permitted.
• The pet owner can set the different passage permission for the different pets. Thus the specific pet, for example, the sick pet, can be forbidden to go outside. The passage permission will store in the control server.
• Aled light can indicate the pet owner where the pet is located. In this case, the pet owner doesn’t need to whistle the pet for making sure the location; the led indicator can show the pet location. This indicator costs less power, but can gain more conveniently.
• The environment nodes can report the weather to the server for every 10 minutes, the pet owner can set the weather rules to control the curfew. For example, if it’s raining outdoors, the pets must come home but get no permission to go outside.
• If there are more than one pets around the pet door, the pet door will arrange the pet priority by their RSSI values. Then check the activity list from the control server by their sequence.
We compared the proposed system with the general product of Staywell [
Most pets eat dry food. Pet owners cannot leave out wet
food because it spoils in the time the pet must eat it. Dry food feeders can keep dry food fresh to longer, and allow the owner to feed a pet automatically, even when outside the home. These feeders are nearly always placed on the floor next to an external wall where they are accessible to crawling insects, such as ants, which have a propensity to seek a supply of food. These insects not only contaminate the pet food, but are often intolerable to the pet owner.
Numerous attempts have been made to design a pet feeder that resolves the problem of crawling insects. Most of these efforts have produced feeders with a multiplicity of discrete components. These feeders must be disassembled for cleaning and then reassembled before further use. The pet feeder produced by the trading company has the general appearance of a conventional feeder, but has a moat-forming cavity surrounding the food bowl [
In this study, our proposed smart pet feeder is based on the following design rules:
• The pet tag broadcasts the pet ID for every 20 seconds continuously.
• An item identification can detect the animal seeking passage through the pet feeder. Because the node of WSN is the active tag, the sensing range is about from 1 m to 2 m. The pet feeder will remove the bowl cover when the eating activity is permitted.
• The pet owner can set the eating permission for one pet to one feeder. Thus, only the granted pet can approach the feeder for food. Besides, most of the pets have deeply locality of animal behavior, share food is not common for them.
• The pet owner can schedule eating time remotely, and prevent the unwelcome insects by closing the bowl cover in the non-eating time.
• The pet owner can record the greeting voice to alert the eating time.
• During the eating time, the pet is free to approach for food.
• If there are more than one pets around the pet feeder, the pet feeder will arrange the pet priority by their RSSI values. Then check the eating activity list from the control server by their sequence.
The difference between our proposed smart pet feeder and the product from the Trading Company is shown in
With the function of identity recognition, our proposed system can fulfill the requirement of pet owners than traditional products. For example, the comparison product supports the setup of an eating schedule in the front panel; however, it lacks the convenience of our system. By contrast, our system enables the owner to set the eating schedule on web page remotely, which can help the pet to moderate its eating habits.
Figures 5(a) and (b) show the proposed management system of the control service.
Mrs. Lee, who lives in an apartment with a balcony in Taipei, Taiwan, was applied as our experimental case. She has two cats, one of which is young and energetic, and the other is old and has kidney disease. Generally, kidney disease or kidney failure is the most common medical problem experienced by older cats. Several cats with kidney disease can survive for months or years after diagnosis. However, kidney disease is not curable. The disease is chronic and progressive, and results in fatality in most cases.
The goal of treatment for kidney disease is to reduce the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. The main forms of treatment are dietary change and fluid therapy, and dry food is not recommended. A low-protein diet was previously recommended to help to reduce the workload of the ailing kidneys. Thus, in the past, the old cat was isolated in a cage because of the distinct treatments for both cats. However, Mrs. Lee desired superior treatment for her cats. Therefore, we installed our system in her apartment as a one-month experiment.
Mrs. Lee previously installed a small pet door for her cats. We installed our smart pet door on the sliding door to the balcony. Our smart pet door enabled the cats to go to outdoors, and the activity schedule restricted the older
cat from remaining on the balcony for long periods. Our system provided two smart pet feeders for both cats, which supplied them with different meals at each feeding time. We record the eating time for each cat as the illness tracking. The cats wore different pet tags for identity recognition.