Cases (n = 50)

Controls (n = 50)

p value

Males [N (%)]

36 (53.7%)

31 (46.3%)

0.288

Age (mean ±SD)

65.08 ± 4.06

65.60 ± 4.95

0.567

Smokers [N (%)]

14 (51.9%)

13 (48.1%)

0.822

Education ≤ 12 years [N (%)]

38 (50.7%)

37 (49.3%)

0.968

Below high school

38 (76.0%)

38 (76.0%)

1.000

High school

3 (6.0%)

3 (6.0%)

Above high school

9 (18.0%)

9 (18.0%)

MMSE (mean ±SD)

28.22 ± 1.11

28.56 ± 1.15

0.135

GDS (mean ±SD)

1.46 ± 0.89

1.16 ± 0.89

0.094

Normal block design [N (%)]

23 (50.00%)

23 (50.00%)

1.000

Normal clock drawing test [N (%)]

13 (37.1%)

22 (62.9%)

0.059

Normal digit span backwards [N (%)]

8 (30.8%)

18 (69.2%)

0.000

Normal animal verbal fluency [N (%)]

12 (48.0%)

13 (52.0%)

0.817

Normal EXIT 25 [N (%)]

33 (39.8%)

50 (60.2%)

0.023