Development of the Sea Urchin Arbacia Punctulata in the Presence of the Environmental Toxin Sodium Hypochlorite
1132
between samples by concentration levels, especially at
the highest concentrations of NaOCl. At higher levels of
NaOCl exposure, A. punctulata larvae have shorter
skeletal lengths than those larvae in lower levels of
NaOCl. The significant increase in retarded type plutei
exposed to NaOCl and overall shortening of body length
even in normal type plutei, suggests that NaOCl may be
impacting the development of the skeletal rods. Further
investigation into the physiological mechanisms behind
this finding needs to be addressed. Development may be
slowed by the presence of NaOCl as noted by the in-
creased number of pre-pluteus larvae present in the 0.11
ppm NaOCl treatment. Further research is necessary to
determine the impact NaOCl has on observed larval
morphologies.
6. Acknowledgements
This study would not have been possible without the help
of many people. Very special thanks to the Science and
Math department at Columbia College Chicago for their
continued financial support and encouragement through-
out the course of this experiment, in particular G. Adams,
B. Budy, O. Carnate, D. Jordan, M. & R. Rock, and M.
Welsh.
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