F. DE BARROS SOUZA ET AL.
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pared to sprinters, both enduring trained and untrained sub-
jects. They performed a Wingate anaerobic test to determine
maximal power (Wmax). The authors disclosed that the values
for Wmax were similar in the international and national hand-
ball player groups and were also very similar to the values of
the sprinters. When normalized for body mass or lean body
mass, Wmax was greater in handball players when compared to
untrained or endurance trained subjects (Rannou et al., 2001).
For Molina, et al. 2009, the Creatine Phosphate mobilization
rate is influenced by intensity and volume of exercise, CP con-
centration and type of muscle involved in that exercise which is
used for a ATP synthesis. In their studies the fatigue rate de-
creased after a supplementation with creatine, this result shows
us that type of exercise low CP amount is improved by use of
creatine.
Another study evaluated the degree of neuromuscular fatigue
and recovery from fatigue, following handball training and
handball matches at the elite level. Neuromuscular fatigue was
measured as changes in voluntary isokinetic knee extensions,
jump height in counter-movement jumps, and 20 m sprint time.
The results showed a significant reduction by 2% - 6% in all
three performance tests during the training camp and by 4% -
7% during the tournament (sprint and jump test) (P < .05). Slow
recovery was indicated by incomplete restoration of perform-
ance between matches and training sessions (Ronglan, 2006).
Therefore, it is important to study and determine the physio-
logical profile of indoor soccer players and handball players
based on their anaerobic power and capacity in order to evalu-
ate their respective performances. There are various tests that
evaluate anaerobic power and capacity; among them is the
Wingate Test, which is considered an easy test to apply, valid
and highly reproducible. Besides this, it has a meaningful cor-
relation with anaerobic index such as lactate maximum concen-
tration and oxygen deficit (Fernandez-del-Olmo et al., 2011;
Okano et al., 2001; Bar-Or, 1987; Colontonio et al., 2003).
These characteristics make this test very suitable for the analy-
sis of anaerobic performance of individuals in the majority of
sport modalities (Rannou et al., 2001; Ribeiro et al., 2003;
Ronglan, 2006).
The objective of this study was to compare the anaerobic
power and capacity, and fatigue rate of amateur futsal and
handball players, during a 30-second Wingate anaerobic test.
Materials and Methods
Subjects: The sample of the present study was composed of
22 male athletes between the ages of 18 and 21, who agreed to
participate in the research after reading and signing a Term of
Free and Clarified Consent, explaining the objectives and risks
of the research. The players were divided into 2 groups: futsal
and handball.
All of the individuals were submitted to the same type of
training and were participating in an official competition pre-
sented by the São Paulo Federation.
Criteria for exclusion were considered to be: female gender,
any incompatibility due to health reasons and not having ex-
perience playing handball and futsal, respectively.
The athletes of both groups were submitted to an anthro-
pometric evaluation of weight and height (Table 1) and an elec-
trocardiographic register, according to the recommendations of
the National Council of Ergometry (1995). Afterwards, the
Table 1.
Antropometriccaractheristic of handball and futsal atlethes (Mean ±
Standard Deviation).
Sports Age (yr) Weight (Kg) Height (cm)
Handball 18.85 ± .89 78.28 ± 10.56 1.83 ± .02
Futsal 19.44 ± 1.81 69.2 ± 4.68 1.74 ± 4.88
Wingate Test was performed on a CYBEX® ergometriccycle
metabolic bike 6000, in the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation
Laboratory of the University of the Vale do Paraíba—UNIVAP,
in the city of São José dos Campos, SP—Brazil.
The Wingate Test was characterized by the performance of
the greatest number possible of pedal revolutions against a
resistance fixed at 7.5% of body mass (Bello Junior, 1998),
with a duration of 30 s. Before the test, the subjects remained at
rest for 180 s on the bicycle, followed by 60 s of uninterrupted
physical activity, the 30 initial seconds being performed in a
submaximum phase and the 30 subsequent seconds in a maxi-
mum phase, in other words, the Wingate Test.
Before the execution of the test, the participants were in-
structed to do stretching and warm-up of the trunk, superior and
inferior members by using the bicycle itself. As a simulation of
the test; they were interrupted after 5 seconds from the start to
rest for 2 minutes before initiating the definitive test.
After the Wingate test, the individuals performed a period of
active recuperation on the cycle ergonometric for 2 to 3 min-
utes.
Data Analysis: The data was analyzed using a non-paired
t-student test. The level of significance adopted was p < .05
Results
The results illustrated in Table 2 constitute maximum (MP)
and average (Ap) power, absolute and relative for each group,
obtained by the Wingate Test. In Table 3, the data represents
the MP corresponding to each interval of 5 seconds of the
Wingate Test .
The groups studied presented significant statistical differ-
ences for the values of absolute MP and Ap. However, there
was no significant difference when the variables studied were
relative MP and Ap and Fatigue Rate.
The analysis of Absolute Maximum Power (MP) for the 0 to
15-second time interval demonstrated significantly higher val-
ues in handball athletes when compared to Futsal players. On
the other hand, there was no significant statistical difference
when the values of the interval of 15 - 30 seconds were ana-
lyzed.
Discussion
There are few study reports available in scientific literature
regarding the physiological variables of futsal (Lima et al.,
2005). Futsal training should follow principles that take into
account that during the game there are, evidently, moments of
lactic and alacticanaerobiosis.
Due to its exceptional qualities from a formative, educational
and sportive perspective, handball is appreciated by both gen-
ders because it simultaneously develops resistance, ability,
coordination, speed and strength; all at the same time, it is an
explosive game. In addition to offering various qualities that are
quite specific, it unifies the three natural athletic phases:
