iBusiness, 2013, 5, 161-166
Published Online December 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ib)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ib.2013.54020
Open Access IB
161
Factors Influencing Consumers’ Online Repurchasing
Behavior: A Review and Research Agenda
Huaiqin Li1, Jinhwan Hong2*
1School of Business, Linyi University, Linyi, China; 2Department of Business Administration, The University of Suwon, Suwon,
South Korea.
Received September 5th, 2013; revised October 4th, 2013; accepted November 1st, 2013
Copyright © 2013 Huaiqin Li, Jinhwan Hong. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
With the rapid dev elopment of E-commerce activities, it is of critical importance to identify the determinants of repur-
chase intention to both researchers and practitioners. This research attempts to explain the relationship between online
shopping businesses and customers by testing the model incorporating the mechanisms of perceived value, satisfaction,
and consumers’ repurchase intention.
Keywords: Customer Perceived Value; Satisfaction; Switching Barriers; Repurchase Intention
1. Introduction
Web-based services have low entry barriers by its nature.
If one service is created, a number of comparable alter-
native web-based services follow, resulting in a high
switching rate b etween those services by users [1]. Thus,
shopping sites’ providers are very eager to identify the
conditions that lead to long-running shopping sites. Ac-
cordingly, continuance intention has become an impor-
tant subject of study in the consumer behavior research
area in E-commerce.
The competitive advan tage of E-commerce is obtained
from customer loyalty and retention for repeat purchases
[2,3]. Thus, the identification of determinants of repur-
chase intention is of critical importance to both research-
ers and practitioners. However, according to prev ious re-
search of Hellier et al. [2] on consumer, repurchase in-
tention has been largely fragmented, and few studies have
tested a structural model based on a verified framework.
Recently, researchers called for more efforts in order to
better understand customer behavior for online shopping
[4,5]. On the one hand, this research attempts to explain
the relationship between Internet shopping businesses
and customers by testing the model incorporating th e me-
chanisms of perceived value, satisfaction, and behavior
(repurchase intention). On the other hand, it takes cus-
tomer repurchase intention as the final output variables.
2. Literature Review
2.1. Customer Perceived Value
The study of customer perceived value is becoming sig-
nificantly more important, both in research and in prac-
tice. Scientists and practitioners have recognized the
power of the customer perceived value concept in iden-
tifying value for customers and managing customer be-
havior [6,7]. The goal of customer perceived value re-
search is to describe, analyze, and make empirically
measurable the value that companies create for their cus-
tomers and to link these insights to further marketing
constructs.
Customer perceived value is defined as “the customers
overall assessment of the utility of a product, based on
perceptions of what is received and what is given” [8]. In
the satisfaction literature, equity theory considers the
ratio of the customer’s perceived outcome/input to that of
the service provider’s outcome/input [9]. Perceived value
is regarded as a better variable for prediction of repur-
chase intention than customer satisfaction [10], because
the perception of value is the overall assessment of the
benefit received from the product or service depend on
gain-and-lost assessment and interpreted it as the percep-
tion of value [11].
The level of perceived value can be measured in two
*Corresponding a uthor.

Factors Influencing Consumers’ Online Repurchasing Behavior: A Review and Research Agenda
162
major approaches. The first one defines perceived value
as a construct comprised of two parts, one is benefits
received and the other is the sacrifices made [10,12]. The
benefits component include the perceived quality of ser-
vice and a series of psychological benefits [8], and sacri-
fices component includes monetary and non-monetary
factors such as time, risk and convenience [12]. The
second approach defines customer perceived value as a
multidimensional construct by Woodruff; Sweeney &
Soutar; Roig et al. [13-15]. Sheth et al. [16] defined per-
ceived value as a multidimensional construct composed
of five core values which are social, emotional, func-
tional, epistemic and cond itional.
2.2. Customer Satisfaction
Customer satisfaction studies remain the single largest
category of marketing research, demonstrating the prac-
tical importance of this construct. In marketing research,
various models and theories have been developed in or-
der to define and explain the cumulative satisfaction,
measuring it as the general level of satisfaction based on
all experiences with the firm. A satisfied customer is
viewed as indispensable means of creating sustainable
advantage in the current competitive environment [17].
Customer satisfaction is generally defined in the mar-
keting literature as the discrepancy between a cu stomer’s
expectations and perceptions [18,19]. In this viewpoint,
customer satisfaction is delineated as the consumer’s
evaluation that products or services meet or fall to meet
the customer’s expectations [20,21]. Moreover, “satisfac-
tion is a judgmen t that a product or service feature, or the
product or service itself, provided (or is providing) a
pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment, in-
cluding levels of under or over-fulfillment” [19]. Choi
[22] also mentioned that “one simple approach to the
concept of customer satisfaction is to understand it as a
perceived value”.
In recent years, most researchers consider that satis-
faction is a combination of cognitive and affective res-
ponse to service encounters. The satisfaction literature is
focused on the nature of the cognitive and affective
processes that result in the consumer’s state of mind
referenced to as satisfaction [23]. The cognitive dimen-
sion is individuals’ accumulate information from direct
or indirect experience, while the affective dimension is
his positive or negativ e evaluation [24]. According to this
stream of satisfaction research, past literature has con-
centrated on describing satisfaction by the consumers’
evaluation. Yi [21] categorized customer satisfaction de-
finitions either as an evaluation process or as an outcome
of evaluation process. Yi [21] and Fornell [25] describe
satisfaction as an evaluation process where as Tse and
Wilton [26] describes satisfaction as an outcome of
evaluati on proce s s .
2.3. Switching Barriers
Jones et al. [27] considered that switching barriers are
factors that make it difficult or costly for a customer to
change service providers. These factors include three
types of switching barriers: strong interpersonal rela-
tionships (the strength of the personal bonds that may
develop between the employees of a supplier and the
customer), high switching costs (the customers percep-
tion of the time, money and effort associated with
changing supplier) and attractiveness of alternatives,
which refers to whether viable alternatives exist in the
market. Ping [28] also classified switching barriers into
three factors: alternative attractiveness, switching cost,
investment in a relationship.
Kuisma et al. described switching barriers include
search costs, transaction costs, learning costs, loss of
loyal customer discounts, loss of established habits and
relationships, and risk of the unknown [29]. Switching
costs are not only economic in nature [1], but also can be
psychological and emotional [2]. Factors influencing
switching costs vary in accordance with the type of
products, businesses, and customers. Gruen et al. [30]
used the term “continuance commitment” as a measure
of the extent to which a buyer was psychologically bound
to a seller. This constraint-based force binds the con-
sumer to the e-retailer out of need [31]. Essentially, this
type of determinant con stitutes a form of depen dence and
reflects the consumer’s awareness that changing to an-
other online store would involve considerable switching
costs. Burnham et al. [32] suggested that switching bar-
riers prevented switching when there was a negative
situation, such as a temporary decline in service quality.
The barriers allow time for the provider to rebuild to
higher satisfaction levels.
2.4. Repurchase Intention
In this study, we examined online repurchase intention
instead of studying the online consumers’ actu al behavior
because, based on the theory of reasoned action proposed
by Ajzen and Fishbein [33]. Intention is considered the
best immediate factor in the relations hip between attitude
and behavior, it is affected by attitude and subjective
norms, and is appropriate to test consumers’ behavior.
This implies that behavior is decided by individual inten-
tion. Online customer retention is a hot issue in market-
ing areas. Researchers have studied online customer re-
tention in different contexts, such as “online repurchase
intention” Khalifa, M. [34], “Continue to shop online”
[35] Mouakket, S., and so on.
Definition of repurchase intention, different scholars
have different views. In this study, customer repurchase
intention is defined as the individual’s judgment about
buying a service again, the decision to engage in future
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Factors Influencing Consumers’ Online Repurchasing Behavior: A Review and Research Agenda 163
activity with a service provider and what form this activ-
ity will take [2,36].
Scholars have focused on different aspects of repur-
chase intention. For example, regarding the underlying
logic of the ECT model as described by Oliver [37] and
Bhattacherjee [38,39], the model posits that confirmation
and satisfaction are the primary determinants of the in-
tention to repurchase. Jones [40] considered that switch-
ing barriers directly affect repurchase Intention. Custom-
ers’ repurchase intention depends on the value obtained
in their previous transactions [41] such as: appropriate
performance criteria (benefits), competition, and cost
considerations.
3. Hypothesis and Research Model
3.1. Customer Perceived Value and Customer
Satisfaction, Switching Barriers, Repurchase
Intention
Woodruff [13] argues that perceived value represents
customer cognition of the nature of relational exchanges
with their suppliers, and satisfaction reflects customers’
overall feeling derived from the perceived value. On the
basis of the behavioral model [33], affect is significantly
influenced by cognition. And empirical evidences show
that customer-perceived value has a positive effect on
customer satisfaction with a supplier [42]. Thus, it is
proposed that:
H1. Customer perceived value is positively associated
with customer satisfaction.
The evaluation of value is subjective in nature [43].
Consumers judge stimuli against purchase expectations
and desire to determine a net value outcome [13,44]. The
customer value focuses on high quality and/or low price
compared to alternatives. A price-quality comparison is
often viewed as a critical determinant to purchase deci-
sions and switching behavior [41], and consequently, can
create strong exit barriers. In other words, as buyers per-
ceive that they are getting a better deal (i.e. better eco-
nomic value, or higher quality, or lower price compared
to competitors), they will perceive the costs associated
with switching from this supplier as being higher.
H2. Customer perceived value is positively associated
with switching barriers.
Scholars and researchers have been continually inter-
ested in perceived value which brought about widely
distribution of research and study literatures in various
journals such as: Journal of Marketing Research [12],
Journal of Retailing [10], Journal of Travel Research [45]
and similar to many other scholars [46,47], in which ex-
plained that p erception o f value h ad positiv e influ ence on
repurchase intention. According to Arch, Lise & Robert
[48], and Zeithaml [8], their studies also show that cus-
tomer perceived value takes positive effect on customer
satisfaction and customer repurchase intention.
H3. Customer perceived value is positively associated
with repurchase intention.
3.2. Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase
Intention
Future purchase intentions have a relationship with cus-
tomer satisfaction [49,50]. Customer satisfaction is an
antecedent of repurchases intention. Customers evaluate
future purchase intentions based on the value obtained
from previous experiences, with relationship benefits, as
a proxy for expectations of future benefits.
In general, that number of previous researches can be
found that there is a strong, positive relationship b etween
satisfaction and repurchase intentions. (e.g. Anderson
and Fornell [51], Rust and Zahorik [52]). It can be con-
firmed that satisfied consumers are more likely to buy
again or to buy more in future transactions than dissatis-
fied customers (e.g. Reichheld [53], Michael [54], Nigel
& Jim [55] believe that the improvement of customer sa-
tisfaction will increase customer repurchase intention, and
customer satisfaction is the antecedents of the customer
repurchase intention and it can make a certain degree of
interpretation of the customer repurchase intention).
H4. Customer satisfaction is positively associated with
repurchase intentio n.
3.3. Switching Barriers and Satisfaction,
Repurchase Intention
In recent years, numerous studies in the service sector
have proposed and empirically validated the association
with customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions such
as customer revisit and switching intentions [10]. Cronin
et al. [10] empirically tested the significant linkage be-
tween customer satisfaction and switching in tention. The
research of Lund [56] shows that barriers may enhance
the probability of remaining in a social relationship. She
found that the barrier variables were better predictors of
whether a romantic relationship would continue than the
positive pull variables. In addition, some scholars con-
sider that, as a key moderating variable, switching costs
can significantly influence customer loyalty through the
determinants such as customer satisfaction [17,57,58],
and perceiv ed value [13]. The re fore, we propose d:
H5. Customer satisfaction is positively associated with
switching barriers.
Several conceptual and empirical studies have posited
switching barriers as a key determinant of repurchase
intentions. Wathne et al. [41], drawing on economic so-
ciology literature, suggested that switching providers
would mean sacrificing the utility of an existing rela-
tionship. Therefore, switching barriers would be a psy-
chological loss that customers do not want to incur. Fur-
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Factors Influencing Consumers’ Online Repurchasing Behavior: A Review and Research Agenda
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164
Figure 1. Research model.
thermore, a study of Jones et al. [40] provided empirical
support for the view that consumers who felt “locked in”
were more likely to remain with a provider. Therefore,
we proposed:
H6. Switching barriers is positively associated with
repurchase intentions.
The relationship of variables as hypothesized is de-
picted in the Figure 1.
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