The Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) and Sleep
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. IJCM
7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.93.4.1273
[3] M. Doss, F. Sixel-Dietrich and F. Verspohl, “Glucose
Effect and Rate Limiting Function of Uroporphyrinogen
Synthase on Porphyrin Metabolism in Hepatocyte Culture:
Relationship with Human Acute Hepatic Porphyrias,”
Journal of Clinical Chemistry & Clinical Biochemistry,
Vol. 23, No. 9, 1985, pp. 505-513.
[4] S. Daya, K. O. Nonaka and R. J. Reiter, “Melatonin
Counteracts the 5-Aminolevulinic Acidinduced Rise of
Rat Forebrain Tryptophan and Serotonin Concentrations
at Night,” Neuroscience Letters, Vol. 114, No. 1, 1990,
pp. 113-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(90)90437-E
[5] D. E. Moul, P. A. Pilkonis, J. M. Miewald, et al., “Pre-
liminary Study of the Test-Retest Reliability and Concur-
rent Validities of the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale
(PIRS),” Sleep, Vol. 25, Suplement S, 2002, pp. A246-
A247.
[6] N. Cary, “SAS/STAT® 9.2 User’s Guide,” SAS Institute
Inc., Cary, 2008.
[7] S. Carson, M. S. McDonagh, S. Thakurta, P.-Y. Yen and
M. Helfand, “Oregon Evidence-Based Practice Center,”
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 2008.
[8] M. Bayard, T. Avonda and J. Wadzinski, “Restless Legs
Syndrome,” American Family Physician, Vol. 78, No. 2,
2008, pp. 235-240.
[9] NIH, “Health Information for the Public,” National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, US Department of Health and
Human Services, 2009.
[10] B. L. Rodriguez, J. D. Curb, J. Davis, et al., “Use of the
Dietary Supplement 5-Aminiolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)
and Its Relationship with Glucose Levels and Hemoglo-
bin A1C among Individuals with Prediabetes,” Clinical
and Translational Science, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2012, pp. 314-
320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00421.x
[11] S. R. Pandi-Perumal, M. Smits, W. Spence, et al., “Dim
Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO): A Tool for the Analysis
of Circadian Phase in Human Sleep and Chronobiological
Disorders,” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology &
Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2007, pp. 1-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.020
[12] A. J. Lewy, V. K. Bauer, S. Ahmed, K. H. Thomas, N. L.
Cutler, C. M. Singer, et al., “The Human Phase Response
Curve (PRC) to Melatonin is about 12 h out of Phase with
the PRC to Light,” Chronobiology International, Vol. 15,
No. 1, 1998, pp. 71-83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420529808998671
[13] R. L. Sack, D. Auckley, R. R. Auger, M. A. Carskadon, K.
P. Wright Jr., M. V. Vitiello and I. V. Zhdanova, “An
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Revie,” Sleep, Vol.
30, No. 11, 2007, pp. 1484-1501.
[14] E. D. Weitzman, C. A. Czeisler, R. M. Coleman, et al.,
“Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome. A Chronobiological
Disorder with Sleep-Onset Insomnia,” Archives of Gen-
eral Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 7, 1981, pp. 737-746.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1981.0178032001700
1
[15] M. T. Do and K. W. Yau, “Intrinsically Photosensitive
Retinal Ganglion Cells,” Physiological Reviews, Vol. 90,
No. 4, 2010, pp. 1547-1581.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00013.2010
[16] L. B. Duvall and P. H. Taghert, “Circadian Rhythms:
Biological Clocks Work in Phospho-Time,” Current Bi-
ology, Vol. 21, No. 9, 2011, pp. R305-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.04.005
[17] C. M. Morin and R. Benca, “Chronic Insomnia,” Lancet,
Vol. 379, No. 9821, 2012, pp. 1129-1141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60750-2
[18] S. Ogura, K. Maruyama, Y. Hagiya, Y. Sugiyama, K.
Tsuchiya, K. Takahashi, F. Abe, K. Tabata, I. Okura, M.
Nakajima, et al., “The Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid
on Cytochrome Coxidase Activity in Mouse Liver,” BMC
Research Notes, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2011, p. 66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-66
[19] CSID:134, 2013.
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.134.html
[20] S. B. Khalsa, M. E. Jewett, C. Cajochen, et al., “A Phase
Response Curve to Single Bright Light Pulses in Human
Subjects,” The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 549, No. 3,
2003, pp. 945-952.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.040477