Adsorption of α-Chymotrypsin on Plant Biomass Charcoal
Copyright © 2013 SciRes. JSEMAT
274
such as the charge, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity
due to their conformation affects the interaction of pro-
teins with matrices. Moreover, the sufficient potential to
weaken the hydration layer around a protein molecule is
necessary to enhance the interactions between the amino
acid residues of proteins and functional groups on the
surface of PBC. Therefore, since the entropy effect of
protein and the enthalpy effect of adsorption phenome-
non are involved in the adsorption, the adsorption profile
tends to exhibit the maximum at an appropriate tempera-
ture.
4. Conclusion
PBC had the adsorption efficiency for proteins, similar to
medicinal carbon. The adsorption isotherms followed the
Freundlish equation. PBC exhibited the optimum pH on
the amount adsorbed due to the interaction between α-
chymotrypsin and PBC, such as the electrostatic force,
the hydrogen bonding. The adsorption temperature mar-
kedly affected the amount adsorbed.
5. Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research (C) from Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science (No. 24561013).
REFERENCES
[1] A. Cross and S. P. Sohi, “The Priming Potential of Bio-
char Products in Relation to Labile Carbon Contents and
Soil Organic Matter Status,” Soil Biology & Biochemistry,
Vol. 43, No. 10, 2011, pp. 2127-2134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.016
[2] L. L. Pulido, T. Hata, Y. Imamura, S. Ishihara and T. Ka-
jimoto, “Removal of Mercury and Other Metals by Car-
bonized Wood Powder from Aqueous Solutions of their
Salts,” Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 44, No. 3, 1998, pp.
237-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521970
[3] I. Abe, M. Hitomi, N. Ikuta, I. Kawafune, K. Noda and Y.
Kera, “Humidity-Control Capacity of Microporous Car-
bon,” Seikatsu Eisei, Vol. 39, No. 6, 1995, pp. 333-336.
[4] B. Khalfaoui, A. H. Meniai and R. Borja, “Removal of
Copper from Industrial Wastewater by Raw Charcoal Ob-
tained from Reeds,” Journal of Chemical Technology and
Biotechnology, Vol. 64, No. 2, 1995, pp. 153-156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280640207
[5] M. Yatagai, R. Ito, T. Ohira and K. Oba, “Effect of Char-
coal on Purification of Wastewater,” Mokuzai Gakkaishi,
Vol. 41, No. 4, 1995, pp. 425-432.
[6] H. Kominami, K. Sawai, M. Hitomi, I. Abe and Y. Kera,
“Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide by Charcoal,” Nippon
Kagakukaishi, No. 6, 1994, pp. 582-584.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1994.582
[7] C. Haynes and W. Norde, “Structure and Stabilities of Ad-
sorbed Proteins,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Sci-
ence, Vol. 169, No. 2, 1995, pp. 313-328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1995.1039
[8] K. Nakanishi, T. Sakiyama and K. Imamura, “On the Ad-
sorption of Proteins on Solid Surfaces, a Common but
Very Complicated Phenomenon,” Journal of Bioscience
and Bioengineering, Vol. 91, No. 4, 2001, pp. 233-244.
[9] H. Noritomi, D. Iwai, R. Kai, M. Tanaka and S. Kato,
“Adsorption of Lysozyme on Biomass Charcoal Powder
Prepared from Plant Biomass Wastes,” Journal of Che-
mical Engineering of Japan, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2013, pp.
196-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.12we182
[10] H. Noritomi, R. Ishiyama, R. Kai, D. Iwai, M. Tanaka
and S. Kato, “Immobilization of Lysozyme on Biomass
Charcoal Powder Derived from Plant Biomass Wastes,”
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 3,
No. 3, 2012, pp. 446-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2012.34045
[11] H. Noritomi, R. Kai, D. Iwai, H. Tanaka, R. Kamiya, M.
Tanaka, K. Muneki and S. Kato, “Increase in Thermal Sta-
bility of Proteins Adsorbed on Biomass Charcoal Powder
Prepared from Plant Biomass Wastes,” Journal of Biome-
dical Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 11, 2011, pp.
692-698. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2011.411086
[12] A. Kumar and P. Venkatesu, “Overview of the Stability
of α-Chymotrypsin in Different Solvent Media,” Chemi-
cal Reviews, Vol. 112, No. 7, 2012, pp. 4283-4307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr2003773
[13] T. Asada, S. Ishihara, T. Yamane, A. Toba, A. Yamada and
K. Oikawa, “Science of Bamboo Charcoal: Study on Car-
bonizing Temperature of Bamboo Charcoal and Removal
Capability of Harmful Gases,” Journal of Health Science,
Vol. 48, No. 6, 2002, pp. 473-479.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs.48.473
[14] E. P. Barrett, L. G. Joyner and P. H. Halenda, “The Deter-
mination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Po-
rous Substances. I. Computations from Nitrogen Iso-
therms,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.
73, No. 1, 1951, pp. 373-380.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a126
[15] W. Adamson, “Physical Chemistry of Surfaces,” 4th Edi-
tion, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982, p. 373.
[16] K. Nishimiya, T. Hata, Y. Imamura and S. Ishihara, “Ana-
lysis of Chemical Structure of Wood Charcoal by X-Ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy,” Journal of Wood Science,
Vol. 44, No. 1, 1998, pp. 56-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521875
[17] W. Norde and J. Lyklema, “The Adsorption of Human
Plasma Albumin and Bovine Pancreas Ribonuclease at Ne-
gatively Charged Polystyrene Surfaces,” Journal of Col-
loid and Interface Science, Vol. 66, No. 2, 1978, pp. 257-
265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(78)90303-X