Vulnerability Analysis of Wide Area Measurement System in the Smart Grid
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Table 2. PMUs required for observability of 14 bus system
against communication failure.
noitacinummoC
eruliaF Number of PMUs
Required PMU Location
enoN 4 2, 6, 7, 9
1, 2 5 4, 5, 8, 11, 13
1, 2, 4 5 3, 5, 6, 7, 9
1, 2, 4, 6 5 3, 5, 7 , 10, 13
1, 2, 4, 6, 13 6 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12
1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13 6 3, 5, 7, 11, 12 , 14
ure. Although the system under consideration is a small
system of 14 buses only but the increase in number of
PMUs is significant. It may be inferred that for a large
practical system, the difference in number of PMUs re-
quired under normal operating conditions and those re-
quired under communication failure will be considerably
large.
These results are impor tant as the utilities are p lanning
to implement a PMU only linear state estimator in future.
For this the network has to be observable with PMUs.
However any such placement scheme should take into
account the possibility of communication failure at the
buses because otherwise the observability of the system
may be lost and it will create serious problems in the
monitoring of dynamic performance of the power net-
work.
6. Conclusion
Wide area measurement systems based on phasor meas-
urement units will form an integral part of the smart grid.
However, there are various concerns related to the secu-
rity of these systems which have been identified in the
present work. Moreover, reliable communication is a
fundamental requirement of a phasor measurement sys-
tem. The effect of communication failure on a network
installed with PMUs has been analyzed. It has been
shown that the number of PMUs that are required to
maintain observability increases s ignifican tly as the num -
ber of locations with communication failure increases
and it may even restrict complete observability. There-
fore availability of a robust communication infrastru cture
at the system buses should be an integral consideration of
a PMU placement methodology.
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