Vol.5, No.9, 1001-1005 (2013) Natural Science
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2013.59123
Sun, Earth, radioactive ore: Common periodicity
O. B. Khavroshkin, V. V. Tsyplakov
Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS, Moscow, Russia;
Received 14 June 2013; revised 14 July 2013; accepted 21 July 2013
Copyright © 2013 O. B. Khavroshkin, V. V. Tsyplakov. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attri-
bution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
ABSTRACT
The study of natural radioactivity of objects
which are able to change their temporal timing
feature is presented. It is of interest to compare
the latest data on the activity of the Sun and the
periodicity of solar neutrinos and the temporal
characteristics of the radioactive source. That is,
to conduct a search for the possible influence of
external sources for radioactivity. There are cy-
cles 5 min, 18 min and 53 min found in solar
physics. The cycle of 27 days corresponds to
the activity of the Sun. During of the solar acti ve-
ity these temporal pulsations are lost in a strong
variation of solar wind (Neugebauer, NASA). The
Stanford University scientists (P. Starrek, G. Val-
ter and M. Vitlend) have found the cycle of 28.4
days as pulsations of the solar neutrinos. Neu-
trinos come f ro m t he depths of the Sun and they
tell about the frequency of oscillations of solar
bowels. It is also seen o nline: Kos tyantyn ivska L.
V. Solar activity. Search experiment is better to
have a known but modified experiment. Experi-
ments on monitoring natural radioactivity and
the possible influence from the Sun were pre-
viously carried out by measuring the variations
of the gamma-ray sample of ore from the Trans-
Baikal uranium deposit; the characteristics of the
sample are known. The spectrum of temporal
variations in the activity of the sample Zabai-
kalskaya radioactive ore contains peaks which
coincide with the period of natural oscillations
of the Sun. The capture cross section of the ra-
dioactive heavy deformed nucleus in time decay
increases in many orders and is able to interact
with the stream of solar neutrinos which are
modulated by own oscillations of the Sun. The
picks of spectrum of long-period oscillations of
the Earth exceed its own contain peaks that
match the value with an accuracy of 1% - 3%
with peaks of its own oscillations of the Sun.
The mechanism of excitation of these oscilla-
tions is similar to the nature of variations in the
activity of a radioactive sample of ore. These
effects are included in the mechanisms of in-
teraction of the Earth—the Sun systems and
imp act on seismicity; search problem of existing
natural nuclear reactor inside Earth core.
Keywords: Solar R-Index; Radioactive Source;
Periodicity of Radioactivity; Solar Neutrino
Oscillations; Super-Long Oscillations o f the Earth;
Abnormal Capture C ross Section of Neu trino
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of natural radioactivity of objects which are
able to change their temporal timing feature is presented
[1]. It is of interest to compare the latest data on the
activity of the Sun and the periodicity of solar neutrinos
and the temporal characteristics of the radioactive source.
That is, to conduct a search for the possible influence of
external sources for radioactivity. There are cycles 5 min,
18 min and 53 min found in solar physics. The cycle of
27 days corresponds to the activity of the Sun. During of
the solar activity these temporal pulsations are lost in a
strong variation of solar wind (Neugebauer, NASA). The
Stanford University scientists (P. Starrek, G. Valter and M.
Vitlend) have found the cycle of 28.4 days as pulsations
of the solar neutrinos. Neutrinos come from the depths of
the Sun and they tell about the frequency of oscillations
of solar bowels. It’s also seen online: Kostyantynivska L.
V. Solar activity. Search experiment is better to have a
known but modified experiment.
2. RESEARCH AND PRIMARY DATA
PROCESSING
Experiments on monitoring natural radioactivity and
the possible influence from the Sun as previously carried
out by measuring the variations of the gamma-ray sam-
ple of ore from the Trans-Baikal uranium deposit; the

O. B. Khavroshkin, V. V. Tsyplakov / Natural Scienc e 5 (2013) 1001-1005
1002
characteristics of the sample are known [1]. Used stand-
alone DVR “E Clerk” with every minute polling detec-
tion device (radiometer) and then transfer the data to a
computer over a simple diagram (Figure 1).
Accordingly sealed steel container volume of 0.5 litre
which containing 20 g. uranium ore 1) as the source is
permeable only for gamma-rays which are recorded ra-
diation detector (Geiger counter type SBM19), and 2) the
resulting level of radiation was written to memory every
minute stand-alone digital recorder “E Clerk”. 3) These
data are then processed on a personal computer. 4) Ore
sample was placed in a sealed steel container for limiting
the influence of atmospheric pressure, virtually pressure
variations in ore no effect (meaning the amount of radon
as a decay product) and passed through the wall of the
container only gamma radiation and variations of beta-
radiation is not registered. Figure 2 shows an example of
recording variations of gamma radiation averaged over
the 3rd minute, recorded from 1 to 18 March 2013.
These records must be compared with the existing
state of the Sun. Since the initially criterion to allocate
the current state of the Sun is difficult preference was
given to the Kp-index as the most common. Therefore,
during the same time period of observation of gamma-
radiation was built a series of numbers of Kp-index
(Figure 3(a)). To compare the parallel series of records
gamma-radiation and Kp-index synchronous variations of
the ore sample averaged gamma radiation on the 3 hour
intervals (Figure 3(b)). After that there is determined by
the correlation function of a sliding 60 hour window (20
independents points; Figure 3(c)).
When assessing the value of the correlation coeffi-
cients obtained in window 60 hr (n = 20 independent
points) in t-Fisher criterion
2
21tr nr
for the obtained correlation coefficient r = −0.733 on the
Student’s table t-distribution we received double acting
significance on level of 0.001, that is with probability P >
0.999 there is a relationship between the variations of
gamma-ray ore and Kp-index, which proves the exis-
tence of a link between solar processes and variations of
gamma-ray of the ore. Next was obtained spectrum of
Figure 1. Scheme of registration of varia-
tions of gamma radiation sample. 1) con-
tainer, 2) radiation detector, 3) DVR, 4) a
personal computer.
Figure 2. Example of record variations of gamma-radiation of
ore at 3-minute average.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 3. Temporal variations of solar Kp-index (a) and gam-
ma-ray radiation of ore (b), and feature a sliding correlation
between them (a, b) in March 2013.

O. B. Khavroshkin, V. V. Tsyplakov / Natural Scienc e 5 (2013) 1001-1005 1003
variations of gamma radiation the ore for all of March at
3-minute averaging (Figure 4). Even a simple analysis of
this spectrum indicated the existence of spectral peaks
coinciding with the period of natural oscillations of the
Sun, as well as the existence of a daily component. Re-
garding the periodicity of radon, unfortunately do what—
any conclusions impossible—too noisy channel by much
exposure to radon flux processes.
Joint analysis of the spectral data of the temporal varia-
tions gamma radiation the ore and natural oscillations of
the Sun are given in Table 1. Data on the theoretical val-
ues of periods of natural oscillations of the Sun are pre-
sented below (Table 2) [2].
A comparison of Tables 1 and 2 and the data in Table
1 should be plural coincidence of periodicities in the time
variations of the activity of a radioactive source with the
frequency of the oscillations of the Sun’s own up to 3, 4
digits. The very existence of diurnal components also
proves relationship with solar processes as the Earth can
shield the sun’s rays or particles that affect the variation
of gamma-ray ore. The presence of a significant negative
correlation in the chart FSK (Figure 3(c)) with low K
index indicates depth of wave processes on the Sun
affect the variation of gamma-ray ore.
3. THERE IS ABOUT THE PHYSICAL
MECHANISMS OF THE SUN
OSCILLATIONS INFLUENCE ON THE
ORE SAMPLE RADIOACTIVITY
Since the intensity of the radiation neutrino is modu-
lated by solar oscillations presumably, the problem of
interpretation lies in the small capture cross section [3].
The scattering cross section of solar neutrinos is about
10−21 - 10−18 barn, depending on the energy of the neu-
trino. For the container (Figure 1) the number N of
neutrinos per unit time experienced the interaction with
nuclei provided single interaction of each particle (thin
target) is given by
Figure 4. An example of the spectrum of temporal variations of
gamma radiation the ore sample in March 2013.
Tab le 1. Significant (P > 0.95) of the observed variations in the
periods of the ore gamma—ray and for comparison—natural
periods oscillations of the Sun.
N Tr (hour, min.)
observed
Ts (min.)
(Theoretical)
Note
(Mode)
2 6.4 h - -
1 24.0 h - Days
3 166.2 m 166.7 m g15, l3
4 115.9 118.9 g10. l3
5 75.9 74.9; 76.8 g5, l3; g7, l4
6 62.05 62.29 p1, l1
7 58.0 57.25; 57.73 p1, l2; g3, l4
8 44.8 44.18 g1, l4
9 36.8 36.98 p2, l1
10 31.7 32.19 p2, l2
11 25.6 25.09 p3, l2
12 24.7 24.49 p4, l0
13 20.8 20.52 p4, l2
14 18.8 18.68 p4, l1
15 15.9 15.72 p5, l4
16 15.6 15.72 p5, l4
17 14.8 14.93 p7, l0
18 14.2 14.08 p7, l1
19 13.6 13.81; 13.35 p6, l4; p7, l2
20 12.96 12.77 p7, l3;
21 11.36 11.34 p9, l1
22 10.73 10.78 p10, l0
23 10.41 10.49; p9, l3
24 10.3 10,35 p10, l2
25 10.17 10.18 p9, l4
26 9.6 9.65; 9.54 p10, l3; p11, l2
27 9.05 9.15 p12, l0
28 8.85 8.84 p12, l1
29 8.75 8.71 p11, l4
30 8.59 8.56 p12, l2
31 8.45 8.50 p13, l0
32 8.33 8.32 p12, l3
33 7.98 7.99 p13, l3
34 7.61 7.60 p13, l4
35 7.51 7.49 p14, l2
36 7.4 7.45 p14, l0
37 7.2 7.25 p15, l1
38 6.93 6.89 p15, l3
39 6.76 6.75 p15, l4
On Tabl e 1: Tr—frequency radiation of the radioactive source; Ts—natural
period of oscillation of the Sun; g, p-mode of natural oscillations of the Sun.
1NjnS jM




where j—particle flux density, σ—the effective cross
section of scattering particles nucleus; n—number of nu-
clei per unit volume of the container (in cm−3); S—irradi-
ated target area (in cm2); l—target thickness (in cm);

O. B. Khavroshkin, V. V. Tsyplakov / Natural Scienc e 5 (2013) 1001-1005
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Table 2. The periods of solar oscillations for Sun standard
model [2].
Period, min.
Mode l = 0 l = 1 l = 2 l = 3 l = 4
p1 62.29 57.25 42.50 39.53 37.58
p2 40.94 36.9В 32.19 29.42 27.62
p3 30.93 27.88 25.09 23.21 21.92
p4 24.49 22.30 20.52 19.26 18.31
p5 20.19 18.68 17.39 16.44 15.72
p6 17.17 16.04 1540 14.38 13.81
p7 14.98 14.08 13.35 12.77 12.32
p8 13.21 12.55 11.97 11.51 1144
p9 14.86 11.34 10.87 10.49 1048
p10 10.78 10.35 9.97 9.65 9.39
p11 9.90 9.54 9.21 8.94 8.71
p12 9.15 8.84 8.56 8.32 841
p13 8.50 8.23 7.99 7.78 7.60
p14 7.94 7.71 7.49 7.31 7.15
p15 7.45 7.25 7.06 6.89 6.75
p16 7.02 6.84 6.67 6.52 6.39
p17 6.64 6.47 6.32 6.18 6.06
p18 6.29 6.14 6.00 5.87 5.77
p19 5.98 5.84 5.71 5.60 5.50
p20 5.69 5.56 5.45 5.34 5.25
Period, min
Mode l = 1 l = 2 l = 3 l = 4
f 45.90 40.97 38.82
g1 61.58 55.05 47.94 44.18
g2 84.4 63.03 54.88 49.59
g3 105.3 72.58 61.88 57.73
g4 127.3 83.49 67.76 61.11
g5 149.2 95.38 74.9 64.89
g6 171.4 107 .7 83.4 70.30
g7 120.2 91.8 76.83
g8 132.9 100.7 83.62
g9 145.9 109.7 90.56
g10 158.9 118.9 97.62
g11 172.1 128.1 104.5
g12 137.6 111.7
g13 147.0 118.9
g14 156.5 126.5
g15 166.7 133.3
g16 175.9 141.5
g17 148t6
g18 156.4
g19 164.0
g20 171.1
On Tabl e 2: p, g, f—natural vibration modes of the Sun; l—form of natural
oscillations.
M—total number of nuclei in the irradiated portion of the
target. If we put: j ~ 1010 chast/sm2·s, M ~ 1025 units, σ ~
10−45 - 10−42 cm2 get
9
10- 10N6


 particles/s.
Assessment in accordance with the above formula
gives only a small amount of probability of interaction
and require a new concept of capture cross section while
explaining the periodicity of the solar neutrino easy. In-
deed as a result of nuclear reactions in the solar interior
the electronic neutrino with a wide range of kinetic ener-
gies are produces. It is believed that the amount of neu-
trinos and their kinetic energy spectrum does not change
when the sun passes through the plasma, but it can change
the beat wave processes. The total flux of neutrinos from
the Sun on the Earth’s surface is approximately 6.6 ×
1010 particle/cm2·s. Full neutrino “luminosity” of the Sun
regardless of the particular nuclei fusion processes is
approximately 2 × 3.85 × 1020 MW/26.7 MeV, that is
about 1.8 × 1038 neutrinos in 1 sec. Speeds individual
nuclear reactions and corresponding neutrinos are highly
dependent on temperature and other parameters of chemi-
cal composition primarily on the helium content. There-
fore the wave processes in the solar interior, affecting the
temperature of the medium and mixing helium modulate
the stream of neutrinos. It is also known that as the neu-
trino energy is a linear increase in total cross section of
neutrino-nucleon interaction. Section can grow linearly
with the energy up to the geometrical dimensions of the
nucleon (~10−26 cm2). According to experimental data in
the container with the radioactive ore must have a strong
interaction that is the capture neutrinos exceed all con-
ceivable standards. The adopted model is not possible
(see above), but it is crucial to note—all models of inter-
action considering the interaction with the stable nuclei.
So some idea of fundamentally new approach to the
creation of a workable model must take into account that
the capture cross section must be evaluated for radioac-
tive, unstable nucleus. As you know for over-energy neu-
trinos have non-transparent material. And if you follow
the classical mechanics, the energy of the neutrino inter-
action with the unstable excited nucleus is the sum of the
neutrino energy and neutrons in the nucleus before decay
condition. This is enough energy to the energy state of a
neutrino interacting with a radioactive ore of container.
On the other hand one can imagine that quarks decaying
nuclei form does not matter how small clouds of virtual
W-and Z-bosons around them and the more denser me-
dium capable of absorbing solar neutrino. Capture of the
neutrino stream modulated by own oscillations of the
Sun shows the hidden periodicity of its. In the decay of
uranium-235 to barium 139 + kripton95 + Ep. interaction
cross section increases as the ratio of K = Ep/3Kt/2. Since
Ep = 202.5 MeV = 3.24 × 10−11 J. 3 kT/2 = 6.21 × 10−21 J,

O. B. Khavroshkin, V. V. Tsyplakov / Natural Scienc e 5 (2013) 1001-1005
1005
we obtain K = 0.52 × 1010. That is the number of neutri-
nos interacting in the standard model with U235 (N ≈
10−9 - 10−6 particles/s.) may be increased to once and for
Nu ≈ 0.5 × 10 - 104 particles/s. Thus detected gamma
radiation measured ~102 events per second.
4. SOLAR NEUTRINOS, SEISMICITY
AND THE EARTH’S HEAT FLOW
(RADIOACTIVE COMPONENT)
According to various estimates, the radioactive com-
ponent of the heat flow of the Earth is about 80% of the
total energy. This component is due to the existence of
natural radioactive sources, primarily the isotopes of ura-
nium, thorium, potassium, and others [4]. Heat flow of
the Earth is 7 × 10−2 W/cm2 or 1 × 10−6 cal/cm2 sec. and
determines the energy of the Earth heat engine including
seismicity. Activity or signs of activity create a constant
background literally heterogeneous (1.5-5-fold difference
in level, Table 3, [10]). Activity the ore is much higher
but in general we can assume that the constant back-
ground given its geological volumes as well as the ore is
subject to modulation periods of natural oscillations of
the Sun. That is the heat flow as a smooth function is
perturbed by the known solar periods. And if the labora-
tory is registered as a variation of the activity the global
scale in the rock mass of the crust and mantle these
variations should show up as extra-long seismic oscilla-
tions with periods of solar oscillations. First of all, this
effect is observed and discovered in the spectra of the
Earth’s oscillations [4-12]. Reliable and accurate match
with the above model the interaction of solar neutrinos
and a heavy radioactive element of the Earth and the
Earth’s crust require the creation of a new mechanism of
the dynamics of solar—terrestrial links. On the other
hand, according to MANKO V.I. from the Ph. Inst. RAS
it is a consequence of the uncertainty relation for the
coordinate-pulse in quantum systems in thermal equilib-
rium [13]. Processes of decay and fusion in the light of
the different quantum correlations over a potential barrier
which suggests a new section for the capture of solar
neutrinos.
5. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
The spectrum of temporal variations in the activity of
the sample Zabaikalskaya radioactive ore contains peaks
which coincide with the period of natural oscillations of
the Sun.
1) The capture cross section of the radioactive heavy
deformed nucleus in time decay increases in many orders
and is able to interact with the stream of solar neutrinos
which are modulated by own oscillations of the Sun.
2) The picks of spectrum of long-period oscillations of
the Earth exceed its own and contain peaks that match
he value with an accuracy of 1% - 3% with peaks of its
own oscillations of the Sun. The mechanism of excitation
of these oscillations is similar to the nature of variations
in the activity of a radioactive sample of ore.
3) These effects are included in the mechanisms of
interaction of the Earth—the Sun systems and impact on
seismicity; search problem of existing natural nuclear
reactor inside Earth core.
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t